热点19温室气体的应对(解析版)-备战2023年中考英语热点话题解读关键能力(题型)强化专练(通用版)

备战2023年中考英语热点话题解读+关键能力(题型)强化专练热点19温室气体的应对我国首个国家温室气体观测网基本建立助力碳达峰碳中和近日，中国气象局发布我国第一份国家温室气体观测网名录，这标志着经过近40年建设，我国首个温室气体观测网基本建成。此举将进一步丰富我国地面气象观测站布局，提升气候变化监测评估能力，持续为我国碳达峰、碳中和行动成效科学评估与碳排放核算提供数据支撑。温室气体是引起气候恶化最主要的大气成分。本次发布的观测网名录包含60个覆盖全国主要气候关键区、并以高精度观测为主的站点，由国家大气本底站、国家气候观象台和国家及省级应用气象观测站（温室气体）等组成。其观测要素涵盖《京都议定书》中规定的二氧化碳、甲烷、氧化亚氮、氢氟碳化物、全氟化碳、六氟化硫和三氟化氮等7类温室气体。我国是世界上较早开展温室气体本底观测的国家之一。中国气象局综合观测司司长曹晓钟表示，这张“网”的背后，是中国气象局代表中国长期持续参与世界气象组织大气成分观测计划，近40年探索积淀形成的观测、标校、产品、应用、服务完整业务体系。据介绍，1982年，国内第一个区域大气本底监测站在北京上甸子投入使用。1994年，青海瓦里关国家大气本底站作为欧亚大陆腹地唯一的全球大气本底站在海拔3816米的青藏高原上建立，其监测数据在国际上久负盛名，我国温室气体观测迈入世界第一阵营。从“1”到“60”跨越近40年，一系列完整的大气成分国家标准和行业标准得以建立，一支院士专家和台站专业技术团队于一体的人才队伍不断壮大。在温室气体监测领域，定标尤为重要。中国气象局还建立了国内第一家具备7类温室气体标校能力的温室气体实验室，其定标结果已成为国内各类温室气体观测溯源的“标准尺”，辐射气象、环境、海洋等多个部门。标定后温室气体的研究成果成为联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC）评估报告、《联合国气候变化框架公约》（UNFCCC）等联合国文件出台的重要依据。“这将是一张影响深远的观测网。”中国工程院院士、中国气象科学研究院研究员张小曳表示，依托长序列数据和专业人才队伍，2021年以来中国气象局成立了国家级温室气体及碳中和监测评估中心，在多个省份设立分中心，建成我国碳中和行动有效性评估系统，准确区分全球、区域、城市等不同尺度的自然碳通量和人为碳通量，为实现“双碳”目标贡献力量。“十四五”是碳达峰的关键期、窗口期。曹晓钟表示，中国气象局将积极对接国家重大战略需求，促进高精度温室气体监测仪器国产化，持续推进构建地空天立体化温室气体监测网。[来源|央广网]2021年度气候变化十大科学事件3月23日是第62个世界气象日，由中国气象局气候变化中心组织评选的“2021年度气候变化十大科学事件”正式发布。据介绍，两院院士、国家气候变化专家委员会委员、国内气候变化领域知名专家（包括IPCC评估报告主要作者、气候变化国家评估报告主要作者等）通过函评方式对候选事件进行了评选，最终确定的“2021年度气候变化十大科学事件”（按得票顺序排列）为：1、IPCC发布AR6WGI评估报告《气候变化2021：自然科学基础》，指出许多观测到的变化前所未有2021年8月，联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）发布了第六次评估报告第一工作组报告《气候变化2021：自然科学基础》。报告指出，科学家们一直在观测全球各个区域和整个气候系统的变化，观测到的许多变化为几千年来甚至几十万年来前所未有，一些如海平面持续上升等已经开始的变化在数百到数千年内不可逆转。报告强调，2011—2020年的十年间，全球地表温度比1850—1900年间高1.09℃，这是自12.5万年前冰河时代以来从未见过的水平，过去五年也是自1850年有记录以来最热的五年。2、格拉斯哥气候变化大会达成《格拉斯哥气候协议》，强调科学在应对气候变化政策制定中的重要性2021年联合国气候变化大会于10月31日至11月12日在英国格拉斯哥举行，会议最终达成《格拉斯哥气候协议》，涵盖科学、适应、适应资金、减缓、资金、技术和能力建设、损失和损害、实施和合作等八个层面。强调要实现将温升控制在一定水平需要快速、深入和持续地减少全球二氧化碳排放，并大幅减少甲烷等其他非二氧化碳温室气体排放。3、气候学家真锅淑郎和哈塞尔曼获2021年诺贝尔物理学奖，大气与海洋科学领域首获物理学奖真锅淑郎建立的辐射-对流模式对理解气候变暖是一个里程碑式的工作。第一次全面解决了辐射传输的各种问题，并与对流调整相结合，建立了一个可靠地计算CO2增加导致全球变暖的数值模式。哈塞尔曼的最优指纹法已被用来证明大气温度升高是由于人类排放的CO2造成的。正是基于最优指纹法和最新发展的气候模式，IPCCWGIAR6才得出结论“毋庸置疑的是，人类活动已经引起了大气、海洋和陆地的变暖。”4、世界卫生组织发布《气候变化与健康特别报告》，建议优先考虑具有最大健康效益的气候政策2021年10月，世界卫生组织（WHO）发布一份气候变化与健康特别报告，阐述了全球卫生界对气候行动的立场，即越来越多的研究显示，气候与健康之间有着很多不可分割的联系。报告就全球采取行动应对气候变化、最大限度地改善人类健康向各国政府提出建议：各国政府将健康和社会正义置于联合国气候谈判的核心；优先考虑采取具有最大健康、社会和经济效益的应对气候变化的措施。5、中国政府和科技界合力推进碳达峰和碳中和，气候变化白皮书、蓝皮书和绿皮书相继发布2021年8月，中国气象局气候变化中心发布《中国气候变化蓝皮书（2021）》，指出21世纪前20年是中国百年以来的最暖时期。2021年12月发布的《气候变化绿皮书（2021）》聚焦中国碳达峰碳中和目标，从不同领域、不同部门和不同主体分析了我国实现碳达峰、碳中和面临的挑战和机遇以及路径，展示了绿色低碳和气候适应的政策和行动。6、气候变化造成极端事件频发，破纪录热浪的发生概率增加，热带气旋将可能向中纬度地区扩展2021年的极端气候事件大大打破了长期以来的纪录。美国耶鲁大学2021年的一项研究预测，21世纪的热带气旋（飓风和台风）可能会在比过去300万年更大的纬度范围内发生，在中纬度地区可以发现更多的热带气旋。这一发现意味着热带气旋在全球变暖中会带来更高的风险。2021年在美国康涅狄格州登陆的飓风“亨利”可能是此类风暴的前兆。7、气候翻转因素会引发高风险，大西洋洋流系统可能正在接近气候临界点诸如冰盖融化、洋流变化、雨林砍伐等气候翻转因素之间会相互影响。最新研究表明，在全球变暖程度低于预期的情况下，气候翻转因素之间的相互作用最终也能引发突变。例如海洋环流的突变经常发生在适度的变暖（小于2℃）。大西洋经向翻转环流将热带地区的暖水向北输送到海洋表面，将冷水向南输送到海洋底部，与欧洲相对温和的温度联系密切。8、中国气象局建成我国首个国家温室气体观测网2021年12月，中国气象局发布了国内第一份国家温室气体观测网名录。这标志着经过近40年的建设，国内首个温室气体观测网基本建成。9、各国最新气候承诺将使21世纪末全球温升降低到1.8℃2021年12月，欧盟委员会联合研究中心发布了《2021年全球能源与气候展望：迈向气候中和》的报告，评估了更新的国家自主贡献(NDC)和长期净零排放目标对温升水平的影响。报告指出，目前的政策背景下到2100年全球温升幅度会超过3℃，仅实现NDC情景承诺的减排目标到2100年全球温升幅度将达到2.6℃，而实现长期净零排放目标则可使到2100年全球温升幅度降低至1.8℃。在当前的政策背景下，全球温室气体排放量将到2040年左右达到峰值，而在长期净零排放路径下，全球温室气体排放量将在2023年左右达到峰值，并在21世纪中叶稳定下来。10、2021年全球二氧化碳排放大幅反弹，化石燃料CO2排放量几乎已恢复到疫情暴发前水平2021年11月发布的《全球碳预算2021》报告指出，由于新冠肺炎疫情的限制，2020年CO2排放量下降了5.4%，但2021年约上升4.9%（4.1%～5.7%），达到364亿吨，这使得排放量几乎回到了2019年的水平。这表明各国政府承诺的疫情后“绿色复苏”并没有兑现。煤炭和天然气使用的强劲增长是2021年排放增加的主要原因，而石油的增长则缓慢一些。尽管2021年美国和欧洲的排放量较2019年水平有所下降，但印度的排放量大约上升了4.4%。按照目前的趋势，报告预计全球碳排放量将在2022年继续上升。一、阅读理解1NewZealandisabeautifulislandcountryinthePacificOcean.There,snowymountainsrisehighabovetheseaandgrassyhillsgoacrossthelandformiles.However,ifyouspendsometimewalkingaroundtheland,you’llsmellsomethingdifferent.Almost30millionsheepand10millioncowstravelaroundthosegreenhillsandeachoneofthemisfarting(放屁).Thatmaysoundlikeajoke.Butscientistsaren’tlaughing.TherearemorecowsandsheepthanpeopleinNewZealand:eighttoone.Andtheseanimalsfartmorethan4milliontonsofgaseveryyear.Thatgasaddstooneofthemostdangerousproblemswefacetoday:globalwarming(全球变暖).Thegasthatfarmanimalsproduceiscalledmethane(甲烷),agreenhousegaswhichcanleadtoclimate(气候)change.Butsheepandcowsarenotthemainreason.Mostgreenhousegasesareproducedbyfactoriesandcars.ButinNewZealand,farmanimalsproducealmosthalfthecountry’sgreenhousegases.That’swhyscientistsinNewZealandareworkinghardtosolvetheproblem.They’vefoundmedicinethatcanreducegasinsheepandcows.ButmostfarmanimalsinNewZealandwalkfree.It’shardtoroundthemuptogivethemmedicine.There’salsoathirdplan.Somescientistshaveputsheepinspecialsealedcages(密封笼子).Theymeasure(测量)thegasthatasheepproduces.Ithelpsscientistsfindthatsomesheepnaturallymakelessgasthanothers.Whentheygivebirthtothosesheeptogether,theirbabysheepfartslessthantheircousins.It’sonlyasmallimprovement.Butthosebabysheepjustmightmaketheplanetabetterplacetolive.1.WhichstatementistrueaboutNewZealand?A.Thenumbersofcowsaredropping.B.Therearemorecowsandsheepthanpeople.C.Farmanimalsareindangerbecauseofglobalwarming.2.TheproblemthatcowsandsheepbroughttoNewZealandis________.A.airpollution B.sealevelrise C.fewergrassland3.Whatcanthespecialsealedcageshelpdo?A.Stopsheepfromfarting.B.Givebirthtosheeptogether.C.Pickoutsheepthatproduceslessgas.4.Howdoesthewriterfeelaboutthethirdplan?A.Itmightwork. B.Itwillcosttoomuch. C.It’smeaningless.5.Thereadingmaterialaboveismostprobablyfrom________.A.amoveposter B.asciencefiction C.amagazine【答案】1.B

2.A

3.C

4.A

5.C【解析】本文主要讲述了新西兰的科学家正在努力解决农场动物产生的温室气体以及我们面临的全球变暖的问题。1.细节理解题。根据第二段“TherearemorecowsandsheepthanpeopleinNewZealand:eighttoone.”可知，新西兰的牛羊比人多：八比一。由此可知新西兰牛和羊比人多。故选B。2.细节理解题。根据第四段“ButinNewZealand,farmanimalsproducealmosthalfthecountry’sgreenhousegases.”可知，可知牛羊给新西兰带来问题是空气污染。故选A。3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Theymeasure(测量)thegasthatasheepproduces.Ithelpsscientistsfindthatsomesheepnaturallymakelessgasthanothers.”可知特种密封笼可知帮助挑选产气少的羊。故选C。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段“It’sonlyasmallimprovement.Butthosebabysheepjustmightmaketheplanetabetterplacetolive.”(这只是一个小小的进步。但这些小绵羊可能会让这个星球变得更适合居住。)可推出作者对第三个计划感想是这可能有用。故选A。5.推理判断题。根据全文可知本文主要讲的是新西兰的科学家正在努力解决新西兰牛羊产生气体加剧了我们今天面临的最危险的问题之一：全球变暖这个问题。结合选项可知本文不可能出自海报或者科幻小说，最可能来自一本杂志。故选C。2Inrecentyears,large-scale(大规模的)treeplantationprogrammesareapopularwaytodealwiththeclimatecrisis(气候危机).Thesetrees,theystorelotsofcarbondioxidefromtheair.Theygiveusoxygenwebreathe.Andthere’snodoubtthattherighttreesintherightplaceisagoodthing.However,large-scaletreeplantingisbecomingaproblem.YatirforestisIsrael’slargestforest.Butthefourmilliontreesareactuallyhavingawarmingeffectontheplanet.Andthebrightdesertsurfacereflected(反射)moresunlightthanthepresentdarkertreecanopy(树冠)thatreplacedit.Thisforestismakingglobalwarmingworse.WhattheYatirforestwarnsusisthatchoosingtherightlocationisveryimportant.Thewronglocationcanalsouseupgroundwateranddryupstreams.Choosingtherightlocationisn’ttheonlychallengeforlarge-scaletreeplantations.Mostofthetime,thesetreeplantingprogrammeschooseonetypeoftrees.Theyarebadforbiodiversity(生物多样性).Anotherbigproblemisplantingthewrongtypeoftrees.InSouthAfrica,theintroductionofnewtypesoftreeshasledtocoveringlargeareasofland.Thecountrynowspendsmillionsofpoundsclearingthetreeseveryyear.So,protectingtheforestswouldbeabetteruseofourtimeandresources.Weshouldallowspacearoundtheforestsforthemtonaturallyexpand.Andit’sthebestwaytogetmoretreesontheplanet.Oneplacewhereplantingtreesisgoodisinthecities.Treeshelpreducenoise,improveairquality,helppreventflooding,andevenimproveyourphysicalandmentalhealth.Thereisnoonesolutiontotheclimatecrisis.Wehavetouseallthetoolsathandtoreducegreenhousegasesandslowdownglobalwarming.6.Theunderlinedword“replaced”inParagraph2probablymeans________.A.解释 B.解决 C.取消 D.取代7.Whichisthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?(①=Para1

②=Para2...)A.①//②③④⑤//⑥ B.①//②③④//⑤⑥C.①②//③④//⑤⑥ D.①②//③④⑤//⑥8.Whataretheproblemsoflarge-scaletreeplantingaccordingtothepassage?a.Choosingthewronglocation

b.Plantingtreesinthebigcitiesc.Plantingthewrongtypeoftrees

d.ChoosingonlyonetypeoftreesA.abd B.abc C.acd D.bcd9.Thepurposeofthepassageis________.A.tocallonpeopletotakeactiontoprotecttheenvironmentB.toaskmorepeopletoplantmoretreesintheirdailylivesC.towarnpeopletochoosetherightlocationtoplanttreesD.toremindpeopletopaymuchattentiontotheirhealth【答案】6.D

7.B

8.C

9.C【解析】本文介绍了植树并不是百利无一害的，就此问题，文中举例告诉我人们应该如何植树。6.词义猜测题。根据“Butthefourmilliontreesareactuallyhavingawarmingeffectontheplanet.Andthebrightdesertsurfacereflected(反射)moresunlightthanthepresentdarkertreecanopy(树冠)thatreplacedit.”可知，这400万棵树实际上正对地球产生变暖的影响，而明亮的沙漠表面反射的阳光比现在取代它的深色树冠更多。所以replaced是取代的意思。故选D。7.篇章结构题。文章第一段提出了大规模植树正成为一个问题；第2~4段提出了两个错误的植树例子；第5~6段号召用正确的方法保护环境。由此可知，文章的结构为B选项。故选B。8.细节理解题。根据“WhattheYatirforestwarnsusisthatchoosingtherightlocationisveryimportant.”可知，选择正确的地点是非常重要的，所以错误的选择是个问题；根据“Mostofthetime,thesetreeplantingprogrammeschooseonetypeoftrees.”可知，大多数时候，这些植树计划选择一种树木是错误的；根据“Anotherbigproblemisplantingthewrongtypeoftrees.InSouthAfrica,theintroductionofnewtypesoftreeshasledtocoveringlargeareasofland.”可知，另一个大问题是种植错误类型的树木。故选C。9.主旨大意题。根据“However,large-scaletreeplantingisbecomingaproblem.”和全文内容可知，文章告诉我们在正确的地方种植正确的树是一件好事，并举出错误的案例告诉我们应该如何选择正确的地点来植树。故选C。3What’scausingglobalwarming?Isitaman-madedisaster（灾难）?Oraretemperaturessimplychangingnaturally?Whateverthecaseis,wecanatleasttrytoslowthingsdown.Buthow?TheNicodemusWildernessProjectsuggeststhatweshouldplanttrees.IftheEarthhadmoretrees,greenhousegaseswouldbereduced.Treesalsocutdownwaterpollution,andprovidehabitats（栖息地）forwildlife.What’smore,theyimprovehumanhealthbyproducingoxygen（氧气）andimprovingairquality.Infact,ifweplantedonetree,justone,itwouldhavelotsofbenefitsforourplanet.Atreecantakeinoveratonofharmfulgreenhousegasesoveritslifetime,produceenoughoxygenforfourpeopleeverydayandprovidethesamecoolingeffectoftensirconditionersworking20hoursaday.Infact,lotsofpeoplealreadyare.Treeplantingisbecomingmoreandmorepopularasawaytotakepartinprotectingtheenvironment.TheCanopyProjectplantedonemilliontreesin2010aspartoftheAVATARHomeTreeInitiative（阿凡达家园树计划）.Intotal,treeswereplantedin16countries.Forexample.InBelgium,theOrganizationforForestsinFlandersworkedwithprivatelandownerstohelpthemplanttrees.InGermany,teenagerFelixFinkbeinerhasbeenleadingaglobalmovementtoplantmoretrees.Hewasninewhenhecameupwiththeideaofplantingtreesaroundtheworld.And,whatcanyoudotohelp?Well,youcouldgotoyourlocalgardencenterandbuyatree,althoughyou’dneedtogetadviceonhowtolookafteritproperlysitsurvives（生存）.Besides,youcanjoinatreeplantingproject.10.AccordingtoParagraph2,atreecan________.A.greatlyimprovetheairqualityinacityB.provideenoughoxygenforfourpeopleeveryweekC.providethecoolingeffectofthetenairconditionersD.takeinoveratonofharmfulgreenhousegasesoveritslifetime11.Theunderlinedword“benefits”inthesecondparagraphmeans________.A.experiencesB.changesC.advantagesD.victories12.Fromthepassage,weknowFelixFinkbeiner________.A.helpsthelocallandownerstoplanttreesB.isaleaderoftheorganization,CanopyProjectC.hasthedreamtoplanttreesonlyinhiscountryD.hasbeenworkinghardtoprotecttheenvironment13.Thewritershowsalotofexamplesinthelastparagraphto________.A.callonmorepeopletoplanttreesB.showhowpopularitistoplanttreesC.askpeopletoworkwiththeprojectD.tellpeoplealotoftreesareplanted14.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?________A.TreeCuttingCausesGlobalWarming.B.MillionsofTreesArePlanted.C.PlantingTreesBetterstheEnvironment.D.SettingupProjectsBecomesPopular.【答案】10.D

11.C

12.D

13.A

14.C【解析】本文介绍了应对温室气体的方法——种树。10.细节理解题。根据“Atreecantakeinoveratonofharmfulgreenhousegasesoveritslifetime,produceenoughoxygenforfourpeopleeverydayandprovidethesamecoolingeffectoftensirconditionersworking20hoursaday.”可知一棵树在其一生中可以吸收超过一吨的有害温室气体，每天产生足够四个人使用的氧气，并提供相当于10台空调每天工作20小时的制冷效果。故选D。11.词义猜测题。根据“Atreecantakeinoveratonofharmfulgreenhousegasesoveritslifetime,produceenoughoxygenforfourpeopleeverydayandprovidethesamecoolingeffectoftensirconditionersworking20hoursaday.”可知，种一棵，它会给我们的星球带来很多好处，benefits是“好处，优势”的意思，与advantages意思相近。故选C。12.推理判断题。根据“InGermany,teenagerFelixFinkbeinerhasbeenleadingaglobalmovementtoplantmoretrees.Hewasninewhenhecameupwiththeideaofplantingtreesaroundtheworld.”可知在德国，少年费利克斯•芬克贝纳一直在领导一场种植更多树木的全球运动，因此可推测他一直在努力保护环境。故选D。13.细节理解题。根据“Infact,lotsofpeoplealreadyare.Treeplantingisbecomingmoreandmorepopularasawaytotakepartinprotectingtheenvironment.”可知事实上，很多人已经这样做了。作为一种参与保护环境的方式，植树变得越来越受欢迎。以及“Besides,youcanjoinatreeplantingproject.”可知，作者在最后一段展示了很多例子来呼吁更多的人去植树。故选A。14.标题归纳题。根据“Besides,youcanjoinatreeplantingproject.”可知本文主要通过事实，呼吁人们种树，这篇文章最好的标题是：植树改善环境。故选C。4PeopleinWesterncountriesareeatinglessmeatthesedays,whetherfortheirhealthorbecausetheywanttoprotectanimals.Butnowtheyhaveanotherreason.Eatinglessmeatcanhelptopreventclimatechange,accordingtoastudypublishedinNature.Raisinglivestock(家畜)isbadfortheenvironment.Whenanimalslikecowsdigestfood,theirstomachsmakegreenhousegases,whichisamajorcauseofglobalwarming.Seventeenpercentofgreenhousegasemissions(排放)comefromlivestockfarming,TheNewYorkTimesreported.Inaddition,toraisetheselivestock,peoplehavetocutdownforestsandturnthemintofarms.Forestsplayakeyroleinfightingglobalwarmingbecausetheyabsorb(吸收)greenhousegases.Eatinglessmeataccordingtocertainguidelinescouldcutglobalfood-relatedemissionsbynearlyathirdby2050,thestudyfound.Maintaining(保持)avegetariandietinthelongtermcouldbringdownemissionsby63percent.Buteatinglessmeatwon’tbeeasy.Accordingtothestudy,peopleinWesterncountrieswillneedtoeat90percentlessmeatthantheydonow.Otherwise,itwillhavenoimpact(影响)onourclimate.Scientistsaretryingtofindwaystoreplacemeat.Somesaythateatinginsectscouldhelp.AUNreportsaysthateatinginsectsishealthierandbetterfortheenvironment.Theyproduce75percentlessgreenhousegasthanlivestock.Someexpertsarecreatinglab-grownmeat.Theymakemeatinalabusinglivestockcells(细胞).UScompanyJUSTsaidpeopleintheUSmightbeabletobuyitslab-grownmeatinthenearfuture.15.WesternpeopleeatlessmeatforreasonsEXCEPT________.A.tokeephealthy B.tosavemoneyC.toprotectanimals D.toprotecttheenvironment16.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“digest”meaninChinese?A.消化 B.产出 C.分泌 D.挥发17.Eatinglessmeatcanhelpprotecttheenvironmentbecause________.A.cookingmeatproducesmoregreenhousegasB.lesslivestockmeanslessgreenhousegasemissionsC.animalsareanimportantpartofecosystemD.peoplewillplantmoretreesaroundtheirhouses18.HowmuchlessmeatshouldWesternpeopleeattoinfluencetheclimate?A.63percent. B.70percent. C.75percent. D.90percent.19.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.MisunderstandingLivestock B.ABetterUseforGreenhouseGasC.LessMeat,BetterEnvironment D.EatingInsects–AHealthyDiet【答案】15.B

16.A

17.B

18.D

19.C【解析】本文主要讲述了少吃肉会减少温室气体的排放，阻止气候变化。15.细节理解题。根据文中“PeopleinWesterncountriesareeatinglessmeatthesedays,whetherfortheirhealthorbecausetheywanttoprotectanimals.Butnowtheyhaveanotherreason.Eatinglessmeatcanhelptopreventclimatechange,accordingtoastudypublishedinnature.”可知，西方人少吃肉的原因是保持健康；保护动物；保护环境。故选B。16.词句猜测题。根据下文“theirstomachsmakegreenhousegases,whichisamajorcauseofglobalwarming.”可知，它们的胃会产生温室气体，这是全球变暖的主要原因。可知上文是当牛等动物消化食物时，此处digest的意思是“消化”，故选A。17.细节理解题。根据文中“Inaddition,toraisetheselivestock,peoplehavetocutdownforestsandturnthemintofarms.….Eatinglessmeataccordingtocertainguidelinescouldcutglobalfood-relatedemissionsbynearlyathirdby2050,thestudyfound.”可知，牲畜减少意味着温室气体排放减少，故选B。18.细节理解题。根据文中“Accordingtothestudy,peopleinWesterncountrieswillneedtoeat90percentlessmeatthantheydonow.”可知，西方人少吃90%的肉影响气候。故选D。19.主旨大意题。通读整篇短文可知，这篇短文主要讲述了少吃肉对环境的影响。故选C。5InIndia,therearemanyironingvendors(熨烫商贩)whopresspeople’sclothesforaliving.Theirmaintoolisanironboxpoweredbycharcoal(木炭).India’sScienceandTechnologyDepartmentfoundoutthatthereareabout10millionironingcarts(手推车)inthecountry.Eachofthemusesmorethan5kilogramsofcharcoaleachday,Reutersreported.Afterseeingherneighborhoodironingvendorsthrowtheusedcharcoalawayonthestreetside,VinishaUmashankar,15,toldNPRthatshestartedtothinkabouttheamountofcharcoalburnedeverydayandtheharmitdoestotheenvironment.Burningcharcoalgivesoutgreenhousegasessuchascarbondioxide,whichleadstoclimatechange.Vinisha,astudentfromTamilNadu,India,hadtheideaof________.Shespentsixmonthsdesigningawheeledcart.Thecarthassolarpanels(太阳能板)whichtakeinsunlighttoprovideelectricity.Therestenergycanbestoredinabatteryforuseoncloudydays,accordingtoTimeMagazine.Fivehoursofbrightsunshineisenoughtooperatetheironforsixhours.Tocompletetheinvention,Vinishalostherselfinreadingcollege-levelphysicstextbookstofigureouthowsolarpanelswork.Then,shereportedherideatotheNationalInnovationFoundation,runbytheIndiangovernment.Engineerstherehelpedherbuildafull-scaleworkingmodel,NPRreported.Now,herinventionisgettingworldwideattention.“IamnotjustagirlfromIndia.IamagirlfromEarth,”Vinishasaidinherspeech.“Allofusshouldunderstandthatenvironmentalproblemsarerealandcan’tbefixedatalaterdate,”Vinishacontinued,“Thereisnoimmediatestop.Therearenomagicways.”20.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3referto?A.theburningofcharcoal B.theamountofcharcoalC.throwingthecharcoalaway D.pressingpeople’sclothes21.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttofillintheblank________inParagraph3?A.offeringtheironingvendorsbettertrainingB.designingawheeledcartwiththesolarpanelC.findingoutwaystomakefulluseofcharcoalD.helpingtheironingvendorsmakemoremoney22.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeVinisha?A.Braveandsmart. B.Helpfulandcreative.C.Carefulandloving. D.Quietandhard-working.23.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastsentenceofthepassage?A.Thereisnoendtotheenvironmentalproblems.B.Theenvironmentalproblemsmaybesolvedbymagicalways.C.Peoplethinktheenvironmentalproblemsarethebiggestenemies.D.Weshouldtakeactiontodowiththeenvironmentalproblemsrightaway.24.What’sthepurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Toexplainhowtoprotecttheenvironment.B.TotellthestoryofanIndiangirlandherwaytosuccess.C.Tointroduceagreeninventionusedtostopairpollution.D.Todescribeanenvironmentalproblemcausedbycharcoal.【答案】20.A

21.B

22.B

23.D

24.B【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个15岁的印度女孩在发现大量的木炭燃烧会危害环境之后，努力设计了用太阳能板提供能量的有轮的手推车的事迹。20.推理判断题。根据“Burningcharcoalgivesoutgreenhousegasessuchascarbondioxide,whichleadstoclimatechange.”可知燃烧木炭释放导致气候变化的温室气体，燃烧木炭危害环境，故此处it指代“燃烧木炭”。故选A。21.推理判断题。根据“Shespentsixmonthsdesigningawheeledcart.Thecarthassolarpanelswhichtakeinsunlighttoprovideelectricity.”可知她花费了六个月的时间设计了一个有轮的手推车，这个手推车有一个太阳能板。故选B。22.推理判断题。根据文章可知维迪尼亚看见危害环境的现象之后设法创造性地解决问题，是一个有责任心的、乐于助人的并有创造力的人。故选B。23.细节理解题。根据“Thereisnoimmediatestop.Therearenomagicways.”可知没有立刻的终止，没有魔法的办法，只有行动起来，处理环境问题势在必行。故选D。24.主旨大意题。文章第一段阐述存在的危害环境的现象，为维迪尼亚的出场做好铺垫，然后的几段介绍了维迪尼亚的发明过程和她的思想。故选B。6It’scommonlyknownthatgreenhousegaseslikecarbondioxide(CO2)causesglobalwarming.Thewholeworldhasmadegreateffortstoimprovethesituation.Especially,thetreesplantedinChinaareplayinganimportantrole.AreportpublishedinNatureshowsthatCO2absorption(吸收)intwonewforestareasinChinaismorethanwethought.ThetwoareasarelocatedinChina’ssouthwesternandnortheasternprovinces.Theymakeupover35percentofChina’scarbonsinks.CarbonsinksarenaturalsystemsthatabsorbandstoreCO2fromtheair.Themainnaturalcarbonsinksaretreesandotherplants.AccordingtoPaulPalmer,theseprovinceshavebeenworkingonrapidforestation(造林)inlargeareas.Overthepast10to15years,theforestareashavekeptincreasingby400—4,400squarekilometersperyear.Chinaisoneoftheworld’sbiggestcountriesofhuman-producedCO2,________.In1978,Chinabegananational-levelforestationproject.ManytreeshaveplantedintheareasofnorthernChinatoactaswindbreaks.Forexample,aboutonethirdoftheKubuqiDesertinInnerMongoliaisnowcoveredwithtrees.In2019,Alipay’sAntForestprogramplanted122milliontreesandwontheUNChampionsoftheEarthawardforhelping500millionpeoplelivelow-carbonlives.China’sgoalistoreachcarbonneutralityby2060.CarbonneutralityreferstoremovingasmuchCO2asoneputsintotheair.IfChina’sgoalisachieved,itwilllowerglobalwarmingbyaround0.2to0.3℃alone,accordingtoClimateActionTracker(CAT).25.China’stwonewforestsareas________.A.playanimportantroleintree-planting B.areinthesouthwestandnortheastofChinaC.covermorethanhalfofChina’scarbonsinks D.mainlyabsorbandstoretreesandotherplants26.InParagraph3,PaulPalmershowsChina’sachievementinforestationby________.A.usingnumbers B.askingquestions C.givingexamples D.comparingfacts27.Whichofthefollowingcanbeputinthe________inParagraph4?A.andithascausedseriousenvironmentalproblemsB.sothegovernmentwilltakestepstostopairpollutionC.thoughmostofChinesepeoplearelivinglow-carbonlivesD.butourcountryhasbeenworkingonreducingitsclimateinfluence28.Thepassagemainlytalksabout________.A.whatcausesglobalwarming B.whatChinadoestolowerglobalwarmingC.howChinaproducessomuchCO2 D.howtreesabsorbandstoreCO2fromtheair【答案】25.B

26.A

27.D

28.B【解析】本文主要讲了中国为减缓全球变暖所做的一切。25.细节理解题。根据“AreportpublishedinNatureshowsthatCO2absorptionintwonewforestareasinChinaismorethanwethought.ThetwoareasarelocatedinChina’ssouthwesternandnortheasternprovinces.”可知中国的两个新林区分别位于中国的西南部和东北部。故选B。26.细节理解题。根据“Overthepast10to15years,theforestareashavekeptincreasingby400—4,400squarekilometersperyear.”可知在第三段，PaulPalmer通过列数字展示了中国在造林方面的成就。故选A。27.推理判断题。下文讲中国为二氧化碳的产生对其后造成的危害所做的努力，由此可知虽然是世界上人为产生二氧化碳最多的国家之一，但一直在努力改变，设空处用“butourcountryhasbeenworkingonreducingitsclimateinfluence”表示“但我们国家一直在努力减少对气候的影响”。故选D。28.主旨大意题。通读全文可知文章主要讲了中国为减缓全球变暖所做的一切。故选B。7PeopleinWesterncountriesareeatinglessmeatthesedays,whetherfortheirhealthorbecausetheywanttoprotectanimals.Butnowtheyhaveanotherreason:Eatinglessmeatcanhelptopreventclimatechange,accordingtoarecentstudypublishedinNature.Raisinglivestock(家畜)isbadfortheenvironment.Whenanimalslikecowsdigest(消化)food,theirstomachsmakegreenhousegases,whichareamajorcauseofglobalwarming.Seventeenpercentofgreenhousegasemission(排放)comefromlivestockfarming,theNewYorkTimesreported.Inaddition,toraisetheselivestock,peoplehavetocutdownforestsandturnthemintofarms.Forestsplayakeyroleinfightingglobalwarmingbecausetheyabsorbgreenhousegases.Eatinglessmeataccordingtocertainguidelinescouldcutglobalfood-relatedemissionsbynearlyathirdby2050.Thestudyfoundkeepingavegetariandietinthelongtermcouldbringdownemissionsby63percent.Buteatinglessmeatwon’tbeeasy.Accordingtothestudy,peopleinWesterncountrieswillneedtoeat90percentlessmeatthantheydonowinordertohaveaninfluenceonourclimate.Scientistsarenowtryingtofindnewfoodstoreplacemeat.Somesaythatinsectscouldhelp.A2013UNreportsaidthateatinginsectsishealthierandbetterfortheenvironment.Theyproduce75percentlessgreenhousegasesthanlivestock.Someexpertsarecreatinglab-grownmeat.Theymakemeatinalabusinglivestockcells.InMarch,aUScompanyJUSTsaidpeopleintheUSmightbeabletobuyitslab-grownmeatbytheendofthisyear.29.Eatinglessmeatcanhelpprotecttheenvironmentbecause_________.A.therewillbemoreanimal-relatedwaste B.lesslivestockmeanslessgreenhousegasemissionsC.animalsareanimportantpartoftheenvironment D.peoplewillplantmoretreesaroundtheirhouses30.Accordingtothestory,eatinglessmeatcanhelpus_________.a.stayhealthyb.reducewastec.protectanimalsd.slowdownclimatechangeA.a;b;c B.b;c;d C.a;b;d. D.a;c;d31.Howmuchlessmeatshouldpeopleeattoinfluencetheclimate?A.63percent. B.70percent. C.75percent. D.90percent.32.Whatisthemainideaofthestory?A.WhyWesternerseatmoreinsectsandlab-grownmeatthesedays.B.Whatpeoplewilleatinthefuture.C.Howeatinglessmeatinfluencestheenvironment.D.Whatthemajorcauseofglobalwarmingis.【答案】29.B

30.D

31.D

32.C【解析】本文介绍了《自然》杂志上的一项研究，发现少吃肉类可以帮助减缓气候变化，解释其原理以及说明用什么食物来代替肉。29.细节理解题。根据第二段“Raisinglivestock(家畜)isbadfortheenvironment.Whenanimalslikecowsdigest(消化)food,theirstomachsmakegreenhousegases,whichareamajorcauseofglobalwarming.”可知，养家畜意味着温室气体排放，家畜越少意味着越少的温室气体排放。故选B。30.细节理解题。根据“whetherfortheirhealthorbecausetheywanttoprotectanimals.Butnowtheyhaveanotherreason:Eatinglessmeatcanhelptopreventclimatechange”可知，少吃肉可以保持健康，保护动物，阻止气候变化；acd都包括。故选D。31.细节理解题。根据“Accordingtothestudy,peopleinWesterncount