2023年中考英语复习名词课件

开学第一讲课标语法项目及要求语言知识运用(2020年~2022年)语法选择完形填空短文填空1.名词(1)可数名词及其单、复数(2)不可数名词(3)专有名词

(4)名词所有格2022年(1分)2021年(1分)2022年(2分)2021年(3分)2020年(3分)2022年(3分)2021年(1.5分)2020年(3分)考点2020年~2022年广东省卷中考(语言知识运用)语法选择完形填空短文填空1.可数名词及其单复数2021:1分(birds)/2022:1.5分(yes)2021:1.5分(letters)2020:1.5分(idea)2.不可数名词//2022:1.5分(water)2020:1.5分(money)3.名词所有格2022:1分(teacher’s)//4.名词辨析/2022:2分(vegetables,family)2021:3分(advantage,space,reply)2020:3分(look,change,decision)/名词定义-世界万物的名称名词是表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念名称的词。从名词所表示的事物的性质看,可以分为可数名词和不可数名词两类。可数名词有复数形式,不可数名词一般没有复数形式。从名词的类别看,个体名词和集体名词是可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词。可数名词的单数形式一般可以用不定冠词(a,an)修饰;不可数名词一般不能用不定冠词(a,an)修饰。专有名词人名Mike、Jane地名Shanghai、London、TheGreatWall国名China、India、America、England、France语言Chinese、Indian、American、English、French星期月份节日Monday、WednesdayJanuary、FebruarytheSpringFestival、Mid-autumn~机构山川河江海WTO、UN、UNCFMountHuang可数名词及其单复数(2021语法选择考)1.概念:一般来说,可以用数目来计算的事物或人的名词,称为可数名词。2.可数名词复数的规则变化可数名词不可数名词不可数名词1.概念:物质名词和抽象名词无法用数目来计算,称为不可数名词。不可数名词通常无复数形式。2.在没有量词的情况下,不可数名词前不能用a,an这两个不定冠词。特别advice,confidence,time,money,news,housework,homework,knowledge,music,help,information,trouble,fun,success,surprise,progress,pity,pleasure,treasure,shame3.常见的不可数名词:类别例子饮食milk,water,tea,wine,food,beef,rice,bread,salt,corn,soup,oil,meat,pork,wheat,juice,coffee,beer,cheese,butter材料wood,gold,glass,silk,plastic,cotton,wool,metal自然earth,light,rain,wind,ice,grass,weather,snow,fire,universe,sunshine名词可数不可数名词可数不可数paper报纸,试卷,论文纸张chicken小鸡鸡肉weight砝码,秤砣体重fish鱼鱼肉orange橘子橙色,橙汁exercise练习锻炼room房间空间experience经历经验4.某些名词表示物质或抽象概念时是不可数的,而在表示个体概念时是可数的。如:5.不可数名词的量不可数名词要表示“一件”“一个”等量的概念时,要用“数词+表示量的名词+of+不可数名词”来表示。如:a

piece

of

paper一张纸

two

pieces

of

paper

两张纸

a

cup

of

tea

一杯茶

five

cups

of

tea

五杯茶

a

bottle

of

juice

一瓶果汁

four

bottles

of

juice

四瓶果汁

(

)1.(2018广东,单项填空)Thethree

upstairsaretoosmalltohaveenough

foradoublebed.

A.room;room

B.room;rooms

C.rooms;room

D.rooms;rooms2.(2022广东,短文填空)Atthattime,peoplemadeteainasimplewayjustputfreshtealeavesintohot71.

.

water

C可数名词规则读音例子1.一般情况下,直接在名词后加-s在清辅音后读/s/book→books,tip→tips在浊辅音以及元音后读/z/car→cars,pig→pigs,tree→trees在t后,一起读/ts/coat→coats,student→students在d后,一起读/dz/word→words,hand→hands2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词后加-es发音为/ɪz/glass→glasses,box→boxes,brush→brushes,watch→watches3.以f(e)结尾的词,变f(e)为v,再加-es发音为/vz/leaf→leaves,knife→knives,shelf→shelves,life→lives4.以y结尾的名词以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i,再加-es一般ies读/ɪz/baby→babies,city→cities以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,在词尾加-s发音为/z/toy→toys,boy→boys,day→days5.以o结尾的名词以“辅音字母+o”结尾的本族词,加-es发音为/z/hero→heroes,tomato→tomatoes,potato→potatoes以“元音字母+o”结尾或以“辅音字母+o”结尾的外来词、缩写词等,加-s发音为/z/photo→photos,piano→pianos

3.可数名词复数的不规则变化规则例子1.改变名词中的元音字母或其他变化形式man→,foot→,tooth→2.单复数形式相同sheep,deer,fish,Chinese3.只能用复数形式,与谓语动词的复数形式连用trousers,clothes,glasses,sunglassesmenfeetteeth规则例子4.形式上为复数,但意义为单数,与谓语动词的单数形式连用news,maths5.一些集体名词形式上为单数,意义上为复数people,

police,

cattle(家畜),

staff(工作人员)6.集体名词表示由若干个体组成的集合体。集体名词作主语,如视为整体,谓语动词用单数;如视为个体成员,谓语动词用复数。family,class,team,group,armyOur

team

needs

money

to

play

in

another

city.我们队需要钱去另一个城市比赛。My

family

are

very

well.我的家人都很好。7.复数形式表示特殊含义times(时代),

drinks(饮料),manners(礼貌),

looks(外表),brains(头脑,智力),

greens(青菜)8.表示“某国人”变复数口诀:中日不变英法变,其余s加后面中日不变:Chinese→Chinese,

Japanese→Japanese英法变:Englishman→Englishmen,

Frenchman→Frenchmen;其余s加后面:American→Americans,

German→Germans9.由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数时,常将最后一个名词变复数。但如果第一个名词是man或woman时,两个名词都要变复数。twogirlstudents

fiveappletreestenwomenteachers

threemennurses(

)1.(2021广东,语法选择)Peoplecouldenjoythescenery(风景)andwatch

36

there.

A.bird B.birds C.bird’s D.birds’(

)2.(2020广州,语法选择)Thebandittakesonebookandshouts,“NexttimeIwant

9

!”

A.somemoney

B.anymoney

C.somemoneys

D.anymoneysAB3.(2021广东,短文填空)LaoPan’snewbookincludeshisforty-seven73.

tohisfamilybackinAmerica.ThelettersshowChina’sdevelopmentindifferentperiods.

letters

名词所有格用法例子1.名词所有格形式的构成(1)单数名词后加’s,其读音与名词复数结尾的读音相同the

girl’s

father女孩的父亲(2)以s结尾的复数名词后加’two

hours’

walk两个小时的步行(3)不以s结尾的复数名词后加’sWomen’s

Day妇女节用法例子2.表示有生命名词的所有格,单数形式是加’s,复数形式加’(s)students’

rooms

学生的房间father’s

shoes

父亲的鞋3.表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格等名词的所有格用’s或s’one

hour’s

walk一小时的步行ten

miles’

journey十英里的旅程two

pounds’

weight两磅的重量4.无生命名词的所有格则用of结构a

map

of

China

一张中国地图the

end

of

this

term这学期末5.表示共同所有的名词,只需在最后一个名词后加’sTom

and

Mike’s

room汤姆和迈克共有的一间房6.表示分别所有的名词,需在每个名词后都加’sMary’s

and

Jenny’s

bikes玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车7.双重所有格a

friend

of

my

mother’s我妈妈的一个朋友a

picture

of

Tom’s汤姆的一张图片8.表示商铺、某人的家、诊所或餐馆等时,名词所有格后的名词可以省略at

my

uncle’s在我叔叔的家里at

the

doctor’s在医生的诊所里9.可用’s或of短语表示的名词所有格the

boy’s

name=the

name

of

the

boy男孩的名字the

dog’s

legs=the

legs

of

the

dog狗的腿China’s

population=the

population

of

China中国的人口China’s

capital=the

capital

of

China中国的首都(

)1.(2022广东,语法选择)Atschool,shewashermusic

33

favoritestudent.

A.teacher

B.teachers

C.teacher’sC1.cloth,

clothes,

clothing与dress辨析(1)cloth作不可数名词,指“布,布料”;作可数名词,指“(一块)布,抹布,桌布”。(2)clothes指具体的衣服,包括内衣、外衣,不能与数词连用。(3)clothing是服装的总称,不仅包括内衣、外衣,还包括帽

子、鞋袜、手套之类,无复数。(4)dress作不可数名词时,指外衣,尤指社交场合穿的服装。作可数名词时,常指连衣裙。名词辨析练习①adish___________

②Iwanttobuysports___________.③Nowpeopleareallintheirwinter___________. ④Sheworeablue___________lastnight.cloth

clothes

clothing

dress

2.dinner与meal辨析(1)dinner是指“正餐(午饭或晚饭)”或“宴会”。(2)meal是指“一餐(一顿饭)”。练习①Let’sgoandhave___________together.

②Whattimedoyouusuallyhaveyour___________?dinnermeals

3.sound,

voice与noise辨析(1)sound“声音”,指耳朵能听到的各种声音,多作可数名词。(2)voice“声音”,主要指人的声音。(3)noise指“噪音”,可以作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,词组有makeanoise等。练习①Iheardthe___________ofthegunfire!②Theteachersaidinaloud___________,“Pleasekeepsilent!”③Buteverynightheheardthe___________upstairs.soundvoice

noise

4.job与work辨析“工作,劳动”,但job是可数名词,work是不可数名词。练习①Shegota___________ofwashingclothes.

②Ittakesalotof___________tobuildabuilding.job

work

5.person,

people与man辨析这三个词有共同之处,都有“人”的意思,但也有不同之处。(1)person指“人(男人或女人)”,有单数形式,也有复数形式。(2)people是复数形式,指“人民;人们”,不能指一个人。(3)man专指“男人”,也指“人类,(特定历史时期的)人”(不用复数形式,不加冠词)。练习①Two_____________________arewaitingforyou. ②Helivedforthe___________anddiedforthepeople.③Thedamagecausedby___________totheenvironmentismoreandmoreserious.persons/men/people

people

man

6.problem与question辨析“问题”,都是可数名词,但它们所含的意思并不相同。(1)question一般是指等待回答的“问题;提问”。(2)problem一般是指等待解决(solve)或决定(decide)的“问题;难题”。练习①MayIasksome___________?

②That’sno___________.Icanlendyoumymoney.questions

problem

7.floor与ground辨析两者都有“地面、地上”的含义。其区别:floor一般指室内的地上、地板、地面。而ground常指室外的地面,也可泛指地球表面。练习①Hewassittingonthe___________whenIcamein.②The___________iswetnow.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.floor

ground

8.road,

way与street辨析(1)road“公路;马路”,指两侧之间可以通行人或车辆的大道。

“在马路上”一般用ontheroad。“穿过马路”用crosstheroad(或goacrosstheroad)。(2)way“路线;路途;方法”等,统指从一地到另一地的路途。常用固定词组有inthisway(用这种方式),onthewayto(在去……的路上),getinthewayof(挡道)等。(3)street“街道”,其两边有建筑物。“在街上”一般用inthestreet。“穿过街道,走到街道的另一头”一般用gothroughthestreet。练习①Excuseme,canyoutellmethe___________tothepostoffice?②Whenhewenthome,hesawanoldwomanlyinginthe___________.③The___________inthisvillageiswiderthanbefore.way

street

road

9.family与home辨析(1)family“家;家庭”,也可指全体家庭成员。(2)home“家”,带有眷恋等感情色彩。练习①Tomhasabig_______________.Therearesixpeopleinhis___________.②ShehasbeeninShenzhenfor10years.Shenzhenhasbecomehersecond___________.family

homefamily

10.idea,

advice与suggestion辨析(1)idea“主意”,是可数名词,如:agoodidea一个好主意。(2)advice“建议,忠告”,是不可数名词,如:apieceofadvice一个忠告;一个建议。(3)suggestion“建议”,是可数名词,如:twosuggestions两条建议。练习①Canyougivemesome___________________onhowtolearnEnglishwell?②Hehasgotagood___________todealwithhisoldbooks.③Mr.Gaoissokindtogiveusseveral

.

idea

suggestionsadvice/suggestions

C一、语法点单句特训(

)1.(2022·云南中考)MissLihaslotsofteaching

.Shehasherownwaystomakeclasseslivelyandinteresting.

A.exercise

B.excitement

C.experience

D.environment综合训练(

)2.(2022·新疆中考)—Ifindtherearemoreandmoreoverweightchildreninourschool.—Exactly,soweshouldhavegoodeating

.

A.tasks

B.choices

C.grades

D.habits(

)3.(2022·甘肃武威中考)The

rangandPatansweredit.ItwashissoncallingfromNewYork.

A.telephone

B.doorbell

C.clock

D.bikeAD(

)4.(2022·云南昆明中考)—DoyouknowMarch21stisWorldSleepDay?Sleepisimportanttous.—Yes.Agoodsleepgivesus

andmakesushappy.

A.truth

B.fame

C.energy

D.culture(

)5.(2022·浙江温州中考)—Jack,Ihavenoideaforthereport.—Meneither.Whydon’tweasktheteacherfor

?

A.help

B.jokes

C.food

D.ticketsAC(

)6.(2022·江苏宿迁中考)Mygrandmaisgoodatpaper-cutting.Shecancutoutpicturesinthe

ofcartooncharacters.

A.ability

B.weight

C.shape

D.quality(

)7.(2022·重庆中考)Thisyear,thefamilywentcampingon

Day,June1st.

A.Child

B.Child’s

C.Children

D.Children’sDC(

)8.(2022·黑龙江绥化中考)Withtheintroductionofthe“doublereduction”policy(双减政策),oneofthe

thatthestudentshavelesshomework.

A.changes;is

B.change;is

C.changes;are(

)9.(2022·黑龙江绥化中考)

fatherisapilot.Hehasbeentomanycountriesaroundtheworld.

A.TonyandPeter’s

B.Tony’sandPeter

C.Tony’sandPeter’sAA(

)10.(2021·西藏中考)All

receivedfreshflowersonWomen’sDay.

A.womanteacher

B.womanteachers

C.womenteachers

D.womenteacherC1.词汇复现法

(含同根词)(2020广东)Asyearswentby,Mr.Smithwasboredofhislook…Inthenextfewweeks,Mr.Smith’sinterestinhis

46

keptgrowing.Heboughtneweyes,newhandsandnewfeet.

A.shape

B.age

C.life

D.look(由上文的“史密斯先生厌倦了他的外表”以及下文“他买了新的眼睛、手和脚”,可知史密斯先生对他的“外表”的兴趣持续增长。为上文“look”的原词复现,故选D。)名词的考法二、小语篇特训(一)语法选择Chinesepeopleindifferentareascelebratedthe

1

inanumberofdifferent

2

.Aflag-raisingceremonywasheldinHongKongandMacao.AdragonboatracewasheldinGuangxi.AlightshowwasheldinQingdaoandNewYork.AllChinesepeoplecelebratedtheNationalDaytoexpresstheir

3

forthemotherland.

(

)1.A.nationalDay B.nationalday C.NationalDay(

)2.A.way B.ways C.way’s(

)3.A.love B.lovely C.lovingABC2.语境推断法和词汇的逻辑关系。根据上下文的语境提示或暗示来推敲答案,切勿以自己的主观判断脱离文章进行选择。如:①(2022广东)Onthetableshelaysoutsome

41

inseason,suchascarrotsandtomatoes.

A.fruits

B.flowers

C.leaves

D.vegetables(下文提到的carrots和tomatoes都属于蔬菜,

选D。)(二)完形填空InParisduringthesummerof1840,ImetastrangeandinterestingyoungmannamedAugustDupin.Dupinwasthelastmemberofafamilywhichoncehadgreat

4

.Buthehimselfwasfarfromrich.

Wefirstmetinanoldbookshop.Afewmoremeetingsbyaccidentatsuch

5

followed.Soon,webegantotalk.Iwassurprisedathowwidelyhehadread.Heseemedtohaveagreat

6

abouteverything.Ifeltthatthe

7

ofsuchamanwouldbe,forme,richeswithoutprice.

IsoonnoticedthatDupinhadanamazingwayofunderstandingpeople.Usingitgavehimgreat

8

.Hetoldmeonce,withasoftlaugh,thathecouldseethroughthewindowswhatmostmenhadovertheirhearts.

(

)4.A.weight

B.wealth

C.health

D.victory(

)5.A.books

B.roads

C.shops

D.homes(

)6.A.feelingsB.thought

C.knowledgeD.opinions(

)7.A.work

B.money

C.serviceD.friendship(

)8.A.luck

B.trouble

C.pleasure

D.praiseCDCCB1.熟记哪些是不可数名词。2.熟记后加名词单数的标志词(a,an,

one,

either,

each,

every,

this,

that等)。3.联系上下文,找到填名词复数的根据。①(2021广东)LaoPan’snewbookincludeshisforty-seven

73

tohisfamilybackinAmerica.ThelettersshowChina’sdevelopmentindifferentperiods.

(下文the

letters,

说明上文提到letters,填letters。)(三)短文填空MumandIwerejustgoingoutwhenitbegantorain.Wehadtostayat9.

,andIfeltquitebored.Mumgotan10.

.Shesuggestedteachingmetomakedumplings.Ithoughtitcouldbefun,soIsaidOK.Mumcutthemeatandcabbagesintosmallpiecesquickly.Thensheshowedmehowtomixthemwithsaltandoil.“Mixingisthemostimportantofallthesteps,”Withher11.

,everythingwasready.Dadcamebackhomefromhisoffice.

help

idea

home

Togetherthethreeofuswrapped(包)the12.

.Atlast,wecookedandatethem.TheyweresodeliciousthatIatemorethantwenty.ThatwasthefirsttimeIlearnttomakedumplings.Itwasenjoyable!

dumplings

一、语法选择(2022·佛山顺德区中考二模改编)Oneday,DavidandSharondecidedtogoforawalkinthesnow.“OhDavid,lookatthatwonderfulviewofourgarden!We’resoluckytoliveinsuch

1

beautifulplace,aren’twe?”shoutedSharon.

“Yes,Ithinkso,butitcouldbeeven

2

,”answeredDavid.“Whatdoyoumean?”askedSharon.

“Well,lookatthoselittlebirds.I’mnotsosure

3

ornottheylikethetreesinsnow.Thepoorlittlethingscan’tfindanythingtoeat.We

4

theviewnow,butthebirdsaresocoldandhungry!”saidDavid.

“Iunderstand!You’reright,David.Weshoulddosomething

5

thosehungrybirds,”saidSharon.Afterawhile,Davidsaid,“Whydon’twemake

6

deliciousbirdfoodandputitoutsidesothatthebirdscanenjoyit?”

Bothofthemgotbusyinthekitchenmakingfood

7

thebirds.Thefoodwasgoodenoughtokeepthebirdsgoingwhentheground

8

insnowandtheycouldn’tfindanyfood.Sureenough,thebirdscameflyingtothe

9

home-madehouse,whichtheyhungfromthetreesinDavid’sgarden.

10

warmwinterforthebirds!Allwinterlong,thebirdswerewell-fedandeveryonewashappyagain.

(

)1.A.a

B.an

C.the

(

)2.A.good

B.better

C.best

(

)3.A.why

B.how

C.whether

(

)4.A.enjoyed

B.areenjoyingC.willenjoy

(

)5.A.help

B.tohelp

C.helping

(

)6.A.many

B.any

C.some

(

)7.A.to

B.with

C.for(

)8.A.iscovered

B.iscovering

C.wascovered

(

)9.A.child

B.children

C.children’s

(

)10.A.How

B.Whata

C.WhatanBCCCCBBCBA二、完形填空(2022·安徽中考改编)Yourbraindoesn’thavetodoanythingextra(额外的)totellthetruth.Youthinkofwhatyouwanttosay,andyousayit.Butlying

11

muchmorework.

Here’san

12

ofwhatgoesintoasimplelie.Imagineyou’relateforclassandtheteacheraskswhyandyoudecidetolie.Younowhavetoeithercameupwitha

13

orrememberthestoryyou

14

asyouwererushingtoclass.Soyousay,“Ihadtostopbythe

15

andborrowedabook.”Yourteacherasks,“ThebookIrecommended(推荐)lastperiod?”

Youmustdecidehowtoanswer

16

.Ifyousayyes,theteachermightaskyoutoshowherthebook.Orshemight

17

youtoreaditinclass.Ifyousayitisa

18

book,shemightaskwhichbookyou’vecheckedout.Soyouhavetobereadywiththe

19

ofanotherbookandmakesureit’sabooktheschoollibraryowns.

Yougiveyour

20

atonofextrawork!Whynotjusttellthetruth?It’smucheasier.

(

)11.A.refuses

B.avoids

C.takes

D.fixes(

)12.A.example

B.ability

C.intervie