选修八Unit5知能演练轻松夺冠

Ⅰ.完形填空Sincethe1990s，theSanjiangPlainarea，withatotalarablelandareaof3.5millionhectares，hassufferedworseningdroughts.Theworst__1__struckasmuchas40percentofitsfarmland，andtherearenowmorethan808,000hectaresoffarmlandthatarevulnerable(易受攻击的)todroughts.Scientistssaida(n)__2__indroughts，floodsandsandstormsinnorthernChinainrecentyears__3__theshrinkingwetlands.“Asthecountry’slargestecological__4__，environmentalprotectioninHeilongjiangProvincehashuge__5__onnortheasternandnorthernChina，”saidSunYao，vicegovernorofHeilongjiangProvince.ManyriversandwatersystemsinHeilongjiang__6__neighboring__7__，sotheecologicaleffectstretchesbeyondChina’sborders，hesaid.Andhe__8__thatHeilongjiang，__9__theSanjiangPlain，alsoisimportanttoChina’sfoodandenergysecurityfuture.Expertssaidthe__10__inSanjiangPlainareconsidered__11__importantandrepresentoneofthemostimportantbreedingsitesforwaterfowl(水鸟)．Thewetlandsarealso__12__forthenumbersandspeciesofglobally__13__waterfowl.Now，theChinesegovernmenthasrealizedthatitmustspeedupitseffortsto__14__itswetlands.ApioneerofwetlandsprotectioninChina，theHeilongjiangprovincialgovernmenthas__15__anycultivationandexcavationofwetlandssince1999.【文章大意】本文主要介绍黑龙江三江平原湿地减少的现状以及原因。1．A.flood B．droughtC．famine D．earthquake解析：选B。词义复现。由本文第一段可知，该空讲述的是干旱所带来的灾害。2．A.increase B．decreaseC．limit D．change解析：选A。句意：近年来华北地区干旱、洪水以及沙尘暴的增加导致了湿地的减少。因此，只有A项符合题意。3．A.resultsfrom B．leadstoC．liesin D．catersto解析：选B。leadto导致；带来；resultfrom因为……；liein在于……；caterto迎合……。4．A.province B．townC．nation D．city解析：选A。考查常识。黑龙江是一个省。而不是镇、城市或国家。5．A.habits B．effectsC．causes D．relation解析：选B。haveeffectson是固定搭配，表示“对……有影响”。6．A.arrive B．comeC．reach D．attach解析：选C。指黑龙江的河流及水域系统延伸到(reach)其邻近国家，A、B选项是不及物动词，搭配不符，D意思不符。7．A.Britain B．AmericaC．Japan D．Russia解析：选D。考查常识。根据前面的“neighboring”一词可知，只有D合理，即与中国相邻，且黑龙江的水系能够到达的国家是俄罗斯。8．A.explained B．addedC．thought D．argued解析：选B。add在这里表示“补充说，又说道”。9．A.specially B．naturallyC．necessarily D．especially解析：选D。句意：黑龙江(尤其是三江平原)对于中国的粮食和能源安全来说是很重要的。specially表示“特殊地”；naturally“自然地”；necessarily“必然地”。10．A.droughts B．floodsC．wetlands D．sandstorms解析：选C。下面讲的是湿地对于水鸟的重要性。11．A.globally B．finallyC．naturally D．totally解析：选A。globally“全球地，全世界地”，意指三江平原具有重要意义。12．A.difficult B．easyC．terrible D．significant解析：选D。讲述湿地对水鸟的数量以及物种有着重要的意义，其它选项与文意不相符。13．A.detailed B．threatenedC．attacked D．bored解析：选B。threatened意为“受到威胁的”，指因干旱湿地减少，从而使水鸟受到威胁。14．A.create B．riseC．save D．produce解析：选C。下面几句话讲的是有关方面对拯救(保护)湿地做出的努力，而不是创造湿地。15．A.stopped B．startedC．banned D．promoted解析：选C。即禁止对湿地进行耕种和挖掘。Ⅱ.语法填空WhenverysmalldinosaurboneswerefoundinaGermanyminepeoplethoughttheywerefrombabydinosaurs.1.____________scientistMartinSander’sworkshowsthattheywereprobablyfully2.____________(grow)andbelongtothesmallestgiantdinosaurspecieseverfound.Growthmarksondinosaurbonesaresimilar3.____________growthringsontrees.Theringsarefarapartwhiletheanimalisyoungandgrowingquickly.4.____________getcloserasgrowthslows.“Itis5.____________(exact)thesetightringmarksthatwefoundinthefossil(化石)bones，”saysSander.Sothefossilsmusthavebeenfromadultanimals.6．____________wasthisGermandinosaursomuchsmallerthanothergiantdinosaurs,whichgrewupto45metreslongandweighedasmuchasathousandhumans？150millionyearsago,mostofGermanywasunderwater.Scientiststhinkthat7.____________waterlevelsrose,therewaslessandlesslandandfoodavailable.Thedinosaur8.____________(force)toadaptandevolvedintoasmalleranimal9.____________(need)lessspaceandfood.Since1998,scientistshavedugupmorethan1,000dinosaurfossilsinthemine.Itisoneofthefewplacesintheworld10.____________thebonesandfootprintsofdinosaurshavebeenfoundtogether.【文章大意】本文讲述德国煤矿工人发现了很小的恐龙化石，科学家MartinSander经研究发现它已经完全成长成熟，属于一种最小型的恐龙物种。1．解析：考查连词。两句之间的babydinosaurs与fullygrown是完全不同的两个方面。句子间是转折的逻辑关系。答案：But2．解析：考查非谓语。that后已经有连系动词were，所以只能作非谓语，“已经完全成长成熟”，用过去分词作表语形容词表示完成的动作。答案：grown3．解析：考查介词。词组搭配：besimilarto对……很熟悉。答案：to4．解析：考查代词。句子是一个简单句，缺少主语，用代词；指代上文的growthrings，指事物的复数，所以用they。答案：They5．解析：考查副词。从句子结构上分析，句子不缺少成分，从意思上分析“我们在恐龙骨头化石里发现的正是紧密的年龄纹”exactly作“正是”意思，修饰整个句子。答案：exactly6．解析：考查疑问副词。句子的结尾是一个问号，把句子变成陈述句thisGermandinosaurwassomuchsmallerthanothergiantdinosaurs发现不缺少主要成分，根据上下文可知意思应该是疑问“为什么”所以用why。答案：Why7．解析：考查连词。that后有两个谓语结构：rose和therewas...所以需要连词连接两个句子。从句子结构分析：句子不缺少主语、宾语或表语。从意思上分析：“当水平面上升的时候……”是状语从句，用when。答案：as/when8．解析：考查谓语。从句子结构分析：横线后有并列谓语andevolvedinto，所以force也作谓语，用相同的时态，“被迫改变”表示被动，用被动语态。答案：wasforced9．解析：考查非谓语。从句子结构分析：句子已经有并列谓语wasforcedandevolvedinto，所以need只能作非谓语。它与逻辑主语Thedinosaur构成主动关系，所以用v.­ing形式。答案：needing10．解析：考查连词。横线前后有两个谓语结构is和havebeenfound，句子里没有连词或分号，所以要补充连词。横线后不缺少主语、宾语。分析句子成分：句子属于定语从句，先行词指地点，所以用where。答案：whereⅢ.阅读理解AAlthoughWuHuifeiwasonlyaconcubine(妃子)ofTangXuanzong(685AD～762AD)，thesixthemperoroftheTangDynasty，herinfluencewasfargreaterthanmostinherposition.Historianssaythattherulerlovedhersomuchthat，in724AD，hebanishedhiswifeandmadeWuaroyalconcubine.“Althoughshewasonlyaconcubine，shewastreatedasanempress，”explainedShiXiaoqun，directorofrelicscollectionforShaanxiHistoryMuseum.“TangXuanzongevenwantedtomakeherhisempressbutwasopposedbytheministers.”TheemperorhadthousandsofconcubinesinhispalaceinChang’an(nowcalledXi’an，capitalofShaanxiProvince)but，accordingtoShi，heonlylovedWu，themotherofsevenofhischildren.WudiedintheDecemberof737ADattheageof38andwasburiedinJinglingMausoleum.ShewasgiventhetitleEmpressZhenshunafterherdeath.“It’srareforaconcubinetobegivensomuchposthumous(死后获得的)honourinthehistoryofChinesefeudalsociety，”saidLiuDaiyun，researchdirectorattheShaanxiArchaeologicalResearchInstitute.Hertomb－53meterswideby56meterslong－islocatedinthewestofPangliuvillage，whichispartofXi’an’sChang’anDistrict.Therecoveredsarcophagus(石棺)is4meterslong,2meterswideand2meterstallandisdecoratedwithflowersandmaidenfigures，whicharchaeologistssayisarareculturalrelicofhighscientific，historicalandartisticvalue.Inancienttimes，asarcophaguswasusedtohousewoodcoffinsinordertopreservethebodyofthenobleperson.“IknewitwaspreciousbutIdidn’tknowitwassobeautiful，”saidHanQinglong，whoheadedtheteamthatbroughttherelicbacktoChinafouryearsafteritwasstolenandsoldabroadbytombraiders.【文章大意】历史上武惠妃受到唐玄宗的宠爱并产生巨大影响，死后更享有一般妃子无法企及的殊荣。这一点从发掘出的武惠妃的陵墓和其石棺的豪华程度就可以窥见一斑。1．Theunderlinedword“banished”inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto“________”．A．killed B．removedC．divorced D．persuaded解析：选B。词义猜测题。根据上下文判断，唐玄宗如此宠爱武惠妃所以他赶走皇后，想立武惠妃做皇后。banish在本句中有“驱逐，赶走”之意。2．Thepassagemainlyfocuseson________.A．thelifestoryofWuHuifeiB．thereasonwhyWuHuifeiwasfavouredbyTangXuanzongC．thescientific，historicalandartisticvalueoftherecoveredsarcophagusofWuHuifeiD．theinfluenceofWuHuifeiandherposthumoushonour解析：选D。主旨大意题。本文主要围绕武惠妃生前受到唐玄宗的宠爱并产生巨大影响及死后所享有的殊荣而展开叙述的，故选D项。3．WhichofthefollowingdescriptionsaboutWuHuifeiisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Shewasn’tmadeempressbyTangXuanzongbecauseoftheoppositionfromtheministers.B．Shewasbornin737ADanddiedin775AD.C．NootherwomanhasagreaterinfluenceonChinesehistorythanshedoes.D．Likemanyconcubines，shewasgivenmuchhonourafterherdeath.解析：选A。由第三段最后一句可知，由于群臣反对，武惠妃没能被册封为皇后。4．WecaninferfromthepassagethatthesarcophagusofWuHuifei________.A．hasbeenwellpreservedinJinglingMausoleumB．isusedtoholdherbodyC．isasymbolofherhighstatusatthattimeD．wassoldabroadfouryearsago解析：选C。推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中对武惠妃石棺的描述可推知武惠妃的石棺是那时她崇高地位的象征。5．Theauthor’sattitudetowardsWuHuifeiis________.A．objective B．positiveC．negative D．critical解析：选A。推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者对武惠妃的描述是客观的。BNewarchaeologicaldiscoverssuggestthattradebetweenEuropeandAsiaalongtheSilkRoadprobablybeganinsomeformmanycenturiesearlierthanoncethought.Thefindings，coupledwithawideningrangeofscientificandhistoricalresearchcouldaddafascinatingnewpagetotheepicoftheSilkRoad.ThemostsurprisingdiscoveryispiecesofsilkfoundinthehairofanEgyptianmummyfromabout1000BC，longbeforeregulartrafficontheSilkRoadandatleastonethousandyearsbeforesilkwaspreviouslythoughttobeusedinEgypt.Otherresearchmayextendhumanactivityalongthisroutebackevenfurther，perhapsamillionyearstothemigrationofhumanancestorsintoeasternAsia.TheofficialoriginofEast­Westcommercealongtheroadisusuallyplacedinthelate2ndcenturyBCwhenanagentoftheChineseEmperorWu­direturnedfromadangeroussecretmission(使命)acrossthewesterndesertintotheremotehighcountryofCentralAsia.Theagent，ZhangQian，travelledasfarasAfghanistanandbroughtbackknowledgeofevenmoredistantlandssuchasPersia，SyriaandaplaceknownasLijien.Historianshavecalledthisoneofthemostimportantjourneysinancienttimes.Hisjourneyopenedthewayforwhathavebeenthoughttobethefirstindirectcontactsbetweentheancientworld’stwosuperpowers，ChinaandRome.Chinesesilk，firsttradedtocentralAsiantribesforwarhorsesandtotheParthiansofoldPersiainexchangeforacrobatsandostricheggs，wassoonfindingitswaythroughanetworkofmerchantstotheluxurymarketsinRome.ButthenewdiscoveriesshowthatChinesesilkwasapparentlypresentintheWestlongbeforetheHanemperorstartedorganizedtradeovertheSilkRoad.TheresearchcouldchangethethinkingabouttheearlyhistoryofworldtradeandprovideinsightsintothemysteryofjusthowandwhenEuropeandtheMediterraneanlandsfirstbecameawareofthegloriouscultureattheotherendofEurasia.【文章大意】本文是介绍最新考古发现的说明文。从文中可以看出我们原以为的丝绸之路的历史实际上可能会更早。6．Theunderlinedword“coupled”inthefirstparagraphcouldbestbereplacedby________.A．produced B．contributedC．doubled D．combined解析：选D。词义理解题。根据第一段可知：新的考古发现表明历史上的欧亚之间的丝绸之路开始的历史要比我们知道的还要早。考古的发现结合“coupled”科学和历史的研究，会给丝绸之路的历史翻开崭新的一页。7．ThesilkthreadfoundinthehairofanEgyptianmummysuggeststhat________.A．EgyptianshadprobablytravelledtoChinatobuysilkB．tradealongtheSilkRoadbeganearliertha