福建工程学院《大学英语》2017-2018学年期末试卷

1福建工程学院《大学英语》2017-2018学年第一学期期末试卷SectionI:StructureandVocabularyIneachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)EXAMPLE:Iwascaughttherainyesterday.[B]by[C]withANSWER:[A]l.Thosetwofamilieshavebeenquarrellingeachotherformanyyears.[A]to[B]between[C]against[D]with2.Therearemanythingswhosemisuseisdangerous,buritishardtothinkofanythingthatcanbecompared tobaccoproducts.[B]with[C]among[D]by3.“Howoftenhaveyouseencaseslikethis?”onesurgeonaskedanother.“Oh,times,Iguess,”wasthereply.[A]hundredof[B]hundreds[C]hundredsof[D]hundred4.GivemeyourtelephonenumberIneedyourhelp.[A]whether[B]unless[C]sothat[D]incase5.Yousangwelllastnight.Wehopeyou’llsing.[A]morebetter[B]stillbetter[C]nicely[D]best6.Thosepeopleageneralunderstandingofthepresentsituation.[A]lackof[B]arelackingof[C]lack[D]areinlack7.Aloneinadeserthouse,hewassobusywithhisresearchworkthathefeltlonely.[A]nothingbut[B]anythingbut[C]allbut[D]everythingbut8.Gracetearswhensheheardthesadnews.[A]brokein[B]brokeinto[C]brokeoff[D]brokethrough9.Sherefusedtothecarkeystoherhusbanduntilhehadpromisedtowearhissafetybelt.[A]handin[B]handout[C]handdown[D]down10.MichaelfounditdifficulttogethisBritishjokestoAmericanaudiences.[A]around[B]over[C]across[D]down11.Thebookcontainedalargeofinformation.[A]deal[B]amount[C]number[D]sum12.Nowadaysadvertisingcostsarenolongerinreasonabletothetotalcostoftheproduct.[A]proportion[B]correlation[C]connection[D]correspondence13.Whenshesawthecloudsshewentbacktothehousetoherumbrella.[A]carry[B]fetch[C]bring[D]reach14.Wemustthattheexperimentiscontrolledasrigidlyaspossible.[A]assure[B]secure[C]ensure[D]issue15.Hewasknockeddownbyacarandbadly.[A]injured[B]damaged[C]harmed4[D]ruinedSectionII:ReadingComprehensionEachofthethreepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(20points)InMayl989,spaceshuttle“Atlantis”releasedinouterspacethespaceprobe“Megallan,”whichisnowonher15-monthandone-billion-kilometerflighttoVenus.Anewphaseinspaceexplorationhasbegun.TheplanetVenusisonlyslightlysmallerthanEarth;itistheonlyotherobjectinthesolarsystem,infact,thatevencomesclosetoearth’ssize.Venushasasimilardensity,soitisprobablymadeofapproximatelythesamestuff,andithasanatmosphere,completewithclouds.Itisalsotheclosestplanettoearth,andthusthemostsimilarindistancefromthesun.Inshort,Venusseemstojustifyitslong-heldnicknameof“earth’stwin.”ThesurfacetemperatureofVenusreachessome900F.Addedtothatisanatmosphericpressureabout90timesEarth’s:Highoverheadinthecarbondioxide(CO2)thatpassesforairisalayerofclouds,perhaps10to20milesthick,whoselittledropsconsistmostlyofsulfuricacid(H2SO4).Waterisallbutnonexistent.Bornwithsomanyfundamentalsimilaritiestoearth,howdidVenusgettobesoradicallydifferent:Itisnotjustanacademicmatter.Forallitsextremes,Venusisavaluablelaboratoryforresearchersstudyingtheweatherandclimateofearth.Ithasnoearth’soceans,sotheheattransportandothermechanismsaregreatlysimplified.Inaddition,theplanetVenustakes243earth-daystoturnonceonitsaxis,soincomingheatfromthesunisaddedanddistributedatamoreleisurely,observablepace.16.VenusissimilartoEarthin.[A]sizeanddensity[B]distancefromthesun[C]havingatmosphere[D]alloftheabove17.ThegreatestvalueinstudyingVenusshouldbeto.[A]allowustovisitthere[B]understandEarthbetter[C]findanewsourceofenergy5[D]promoteanewspaceprogram18.Themainideaofthispassageisabout.[A]problemsofspacetravel[B]scientificmethodsinspaceexploration[C]theimportanceofVenustoEarth[D]conditionsonVenusTouristsweresurprisedtoseeawomandrivingahugeorangetractordownoneofRome’smainavenues.Italy’spoliticalleadersandsomeofitsmaleunionchiefsaresaidtohavebeenevenmorepuzzledtoseethatthetractorwasfollowedbyabout200,000womeninaparadingprocessionthattookmorethanthreehourstosnakethroughcentralRome.Shoutingslogans,wavingflagsanddancingtodrumbeats,thewomenhadcometothecapitalfromalloverItalytodemonstratefor“ajobforeachofus,adifferenttypeofjob,andasocietywithoutviolence.”Sofar,actiontoimprovewomen’sopportunitiesinemploymenthasbeentheprovinceofcollectiveindustrialbargaining.“Butthereisagrowingawarenessthatthisisnotenough,”saysaresearcheronfemalelaboratthegovernment-fundedInstitutefortheDevelopmentofProfessionalTrainingforWorkers.Women,whoconstitute52percentofItaly’spopulation,todayrepresentonly35percentofItaly’stotalworkforceand33percentofthetotalnumberofItalianswithjobs.However,theirpresenceintheworkplaceisgrowing.Theemploymentofwomenisexpandingconsiderablyinservices,nexttothepublicadministrationandcommerceastheirprincipalworkplace.Officialstatisticsalsoshowthatwomenhavealsomadesignificantstridesinself-employment.Moreandmorewomenaregoingintobusinessforthemselves.Manyyoungwomenareturningtobusinessbecauseofthegrowingoverallinemployment.Itisalsoafactthattodaymanyprejudiceshavedisappeared,sothatbanksandotherfinancialinstitutesmakejudgmentsonpurelybusinessconsiderationswithoutcaringifitisamanorawoman.Suchchangesareoccurringintheprofessionstoo.Thenumberofwomendoctors,dentists,lawyers,engineersanduniversityprofessorsincreasedtwotothreefold.Someofthechangesareimmediatelyvisible.Forexample,womenhaveappearedonthesceneforthefirsttimeasstatepolice,railwayworkersandstreetcleaner.However,thepresentsituationisfarfromsatisfactorythoughsomeprogresshasbeenmade.Abreakthroughinequalopportunitiesforwomenisnowdemanded.619.Theexpression“snakethroughcentralRome”probablymeans“tomove[A]quietlythroughcentralRome.”[B]violentlythroughcentralRome.”[C]inalongwindinglinethroughcentralRome.”[D]ataleisurelypacethroughcentralRome.”20.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?[A]TherearemorewomenthanmeninItaly.[B]InItaly,womenarechieflyemployedinservices.[C]InItaly,womenarestillatadisadvantageinemployment.[D]InItaly,abouttwo-thirdsofthejobsareheldbymen.21.About200,000womeninRomedemonstratedfor.[A]morejobopportunities[B]agreatervarietyofjobs[C]“equaljob,equalpay”[D]bothAandB22.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe.[A]TheRoleofWomenisSociety[B]WomenDemonstrateforEqualityinEmployment[C]WomenasSelf-employedProfessionals[D]WomenandtheJobsMarketTheoldideathattalentedchildren“burnthemselvesout”intheearlyyears,and,therefore,aresubjectedtofailureandatworst,mentalillnessisunfounded.Asamatteroffact,theoutstandingthingthathappenstobrightkidsisthattheyareverylikelytogrowintobrightadults.Tofindthisout,l,500giftedpersonswerefolloweduptotheirthirty-fifthyearwiththeseresults:Onadultintelligencetests,theyscoredashighastheyhadaschildren.Theywere,asagroup,ingoodhealth,physicallyandmentally.84percentoftheirgroupweremarriedandseemedcontentwiththeirlives.About70percenthadgraduatedfromcollege,thoughonly30percenthadgraduatedwithhonors.Afewhadevendroppedout,butnearlyhalfofthesehadreturnedtograduate.Ofthemen,80percentwereinoneofthe7professionsorinbusinessmanagementorsemiprofessionaljobs.Thewomenwhohadremainedsinglehadoffice,business,orprofessionaloccupations.Thegrouphadpublished90booksand1,500articlesinscientific,scholarly,andliterarymagazinesandhadcollectedmorethan100patents.Inamaterialwaytheydidnotdobadlyeither.Averageincomewasconsiderablyhigheramongthegiftedpeople,especiallythemen,thanforthecountryasawhole,despitetheircomparativeyouth.Infact,farfrombeingstrange,mostofthegiftedwereturningtheirearlypromiseintopracticalreality.23.Theoldideathattalentedchildren“burnthemselvesout”intheearlyyearsis.[A]trueinallsenses[B]refutedbytheauthor[C]medicallyproven[D]abeliefoftheauthor24.Thesurveyofbrightchildrenwasmadeto.[A]findoutwhathadhappenedtotalentedchildrenwhentheybecameadults[B]provethattalentedchildren“burnthemselvesout”intheearlyyears[C]discoverthepercentageofthosementallyillamongthegifted[D]provethattalentedchildrenneverburnthemselvesout25.Intelligencetestsshowedthat.[A]brightchildrenwereunlikelytobementallyhealthy[B]betweenchildhoodandadulthoodtherewasaconsiderablelossofintelligence[C]talentedchildrenweremostlikelytobecomegiftedadults[D]whentalentedchildrengrewintoadults,theymadelowscoresSectionIII:CloseTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeled[A],[B],[C],and[D],choosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoice.(10points)Nooneknowsforsurewhattheworldwouldbelikeintheyear2001.Manybookshavebeenwritten__26__thefuture.Butthe19th-centuryFrenchnovelistJulesVernemaybecalledafuturologistinthefullest__27__oftheword.Inhisfantasticnovels“ATriptotheMoon”and“80DaysAroundtheWorld,”hedescribedwithdetailthe8aeroplaneandeventhehelicopter.Thesenovelsstillhaveagreatattraction__28__youngreadersoftodaybecauseoftheirboldimaginationandscientificaccuracy.Belowisadescriptionofwhatourlifewillbeintheyear2001aspredictedbya__29__writer.In2001,inthehome,cookerswillbesetsothatyoucancookacompletemealatthetouchofaswitch.Televisionwillprovideinformationonpricesatthe__30__shopsaswellasnewsandentertainment.Videophoneswillbringpicturesaswellas__31__totelephoneconversations.Machineswillcontroltemperature,lighting,entertainment,securityalarms,laundryandgardening.Lightingwillprovidedecorationaswellaswallpaper.Atwork,robotswilltake__32__mostjobsinthemanufacturingindustries.Workinghourswillfalltounder30hoursaweek.Holidayswillgetlonger;sixweekswillbethenormalannualholiday.Menandwomenwillretireatthesameage.Ourleisurewillbedifferenttoo.Thehomewillbecomethecenterofentertainmentthroughtelevisionandelectronicgames.Morepeoplewilleatoutinrestaurants__33__theydotoday;alsotheywillhaveamuchwidervarietyoffoodavailable.Therewillbeachangeoftastetowardsamoresavoury-flavoredmenu.Newsyntheticfoodswillforma__34__partofpeople’sdiets.Foreigntravelwill__35__;winterholidayswillbecomemorepopularthansummerones.Alsonon-stopflightsfromBritaintoAustraliaandNewZealandwillbeeasilyavailableandmuchcheaper.Educationwillbecomeincreasinglymoreimportantthaneverbefore.26.[A]in[B]of[C]about[D]for27.[A]sense[B]meaning[C]detail[D]implication28.[A]for[B]of[D]towards29.[A]today[B]nowadays[C]present-day[D]present30.[A]near[B]nearby[C]nearly[D]nearer31.[A]noise[B]sound[C]tone[D]tune32.[A]to[B]away[C]off[D]over33.[A]than[C]when[D]while34.[A]usual[B]popular[C]daily[D]regular35.[A]add[B]increase[C]raise[D]ariseSectionIV:Error-detectionandCorrectionEachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedparts.Thesepartsarelabeled[A],[B],[C],and[D].IdentifythepartofsentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Then,withoutalteringthemeaningofthesentence,writedownyourcorrectiononthelineintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:Youhavetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethingbecause[A]there’s[B]hardlysomething[C]left.[D]ANSWER:[C]anything36.Alicewashaving[A]troubletocontrol[B]thechildrenbecausetherewere[C]somany[D]ofthem.37.Wewereverymuchsurprised[A]thatthe[B]villagewassuch[C]longwayfrom[D]theroad.38.John’schanceofbeingelected[A]chairman[B]ofthecommitteeisfar[C]greaterthanDick[D].39.“Wehavewon[A]a[B]greatvictoryon[C]ourenemy[D],”thecaptainsaid.40.Therearemanyvaluableservices[A]whichthepublicarewillingtopayfor[B],butwhichdoesnotbring[C]areturninmoney[D]tothecommunity.41.ThelawIamreferring[A]requirethateveryone[B]whoowns[C]acarhave[D]accidentinsurance.42.“Iconsideredit[A]ahonor[B]tobeinvitedtoaddress[C]themeetingofworld-famous[D]scientists,”saidProfessorLeacock.43.Hewasseeing[A]somebodycreeping[B]intothehousethrough[C]theopen[D]windowlastnight.44.Thereasonfor[A]allthe[B]changesbeingmade[C]hasnotexplained[D]tousyet.45.Eventhough[A]thechildrenpretendedasleep[B],thenurseswerenotdeceived[C]when[D]theycameintotheroom.SectionV:VerbFormsFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsgiveninthebrackets.PutyouranswersintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident(appointed)forthiscollege.ANSWER:(should)beappointed46.Buyingclothes(be)verytime-consumingasyourarelyfindthingsthatfityounicely.47.Theykeeptellingusitisofutmostimportancethatourrepresentative(send)totheconferenceonschedule.48.Imustcallyourattentiontothedirections.Readthemcarefullyandactas(instruct).49.Emmasaidinherletterthatshewouldappreciate(hear)fromyousoon.50.I(call)tomakeanairlinereservation,butIdidn’t.51.IfGreghadtriedhardertoreachtheoppositeshore,we(nothave)topickhimupintheboat.52.Aftertwentyyearsabroad,Williamcamebackonly(find)hishometownseverelydamagedinanearthquake.53.Thelecture(begin),helefthisseatsoquietlythatnoonecomplainedthathisleavingdisturbedthespeaker.54.Thechildrenweresurprisedwhentheteacherhadthem(close)theirbooksunexpectedly.55.Anewroadwillbebuilthere,andthereforeanumberofexistinghouses(havetodestroy).SectionVI:Chinese-EnglishTranslationTranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(15points)56.你应该仔细核对全部资料，以避免严重错误。57.尽管这个实验复杂，他们决心按时把它完成。58.一切迹象表明这个人对这里发生的情况毫无所知。59.只有那些不怕困难的人，才有可能在工作中取得卓越的成果。60.这篇作品与其说是短篇小说，不如说更像是新闻报导。SectionVII:English-ChineseTranslationTranslatethefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatethesentencesunderlinedintoChinese.(20points)Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.Itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.Socialscientistsare,ofcourse,extremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestions.(61)Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother.Thecontroversyisoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas“naturevs.nurture.”(62)Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalfactors.(63)Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoane