系统解剖学绪论骨学

AihuaPanDept.ofAnatomy&Neurobiology,XiangyaSchoolofMedicine,CSUEmail:QQ：1102975195系统解剖学IntroductionofHumanAnatomy&OsteologyAesculapiusWHOHygeiaOUTLINEIntroductionofHumanAnatomyWhatisHumanAnatomyTheclassificationofhumananatomyThebasiccomponentofthehumanbodyAimsofthestudyHowtostudyAnatomicaltermsOsteologyI.GeneralDescriptionofOsteology

II.Thestructureofbones

III.Chemicalcomposition

IV.Developmentofthebones

V.FunctionsofthebonesIntroductionofHumanAnatomyI.WhatishumananatomyHumananatomyisthesciencewhichdealswiththemorphologyandspecialinterrelationsofthestructureofthehumanbody.AtomsMoleculeSmoothmusclecellStomachDigestivesystemHumanbodyChemistryCellbiologyHistologyHumananatomyChemicallevelCellularlevelTissuelevelOrganlevelSystemlevelOrganismallevelSmoothmuscletissueBiochemistryII.ThebasiccomponentofthehumanbodyIII.TheclassificationofhumananatomySystematicAnatomyRegionalAnatomySectionalAnatomyDigitalAnatomyFunctionalAnatomyHistologyCytologyEmbryologyMacro-anatomyMicro-anatomy①Locomotor②Alimentary③Respiratory④Urinary⑤Genital⑥Circulatory⑦Endocrine⑧Sensory⑨Nervous1.Systematicanatomy2.Regionalanatomy①HeadandNeck②Thorax③Abdomen④Pelvis⑤Perineum⑥LimbsBackandvertebralregion3.SectionalanatomyAnatomyCTMRI4.Digitalanatomy中国男、女虚拟人〔虚拟人Ⅰ，Ⅱ号〕5.Functionalanatomy6.Histology7.Cytology8.Embryology千奇百怪的人体畸形OutlineIV.AimsofthestudyTounderstandthenormalmorphologicalstructure,positionandadjacency,growthanddevelopmentpatternofhumanorgansandsystems,providingbasicknowledgeonlearningpre-clinicandclinicalmedicinecourses.解剖学的地位恩格斯:“没有解剖学就没有医学〞讨论：有人说中医无解剖，照此推论，中医难道就不是医学？孔子曰：“未知生，焉知死〞。只有实现生命价值的人，才能真正懂得死亡的意义。相对其他自然科学以客观为对象，医学那么是研究人类自身的学问。生命现象的认识过程是循序渐进的，由整体到局部；由宏观到微观；由个体到群体；由现象到本质。医学教育的过程是“不知死，焉知生〞。解剖学教学对于每个医学生而言，是窥探并正式进入医学圣殿的第一步。V.HowtostudyHumananatomyisapracticalscience.Weshouldattachgreatimportancetothepractice,aswellasclinicalcorrelation.UppsalaUniversity(1477)SwedenTheAnatomyLessonofDr.NicolaesTulp〕，画家伦勃朗〔1606—1669〕VI.Anatomicalterms

1.AnatomicalPositionErectpositionFacePalmsToesforward前anterior后Posterior上superior下inferior颅侧cranial尾侧caudal近侧Proximal远侧distal桡侧radial尺侧ulnar腓侧fibular胫侧tibia腹侧ventral背侧dorsal2.Termsofthedirection内Internal外External浅superficial深profound1234A.Superior

B.Inferior

C.Distal2.A.Anterior

B.SuperiorC.Proximal3.A.MedialB.InferiorC.VentralA.Superior

B.InferiorC.LeftChoices1.A.Superior

B.Inferior

C.Head2.A.Inferior

B.Lateral

C.RadialA.Internal

B.Superior

C.Medial4.A.Superior

B.Inferior

C.RightA.AnteriorB.Proximal

C.Inferior12③453

Choices3.Axisandplanes①Axis②PlanesSagittalCoronalHorizontalVerticalSagittalCoronalDorsalCranialcavityVentralcanalVentralThoraciccavityAbdominalcavityBodyCavitiesLocomotorsystem

bonearticulationmuscleleveragepivotofmovementpower

provider重点effort支点支点重点力点resistancefulcrumeffortresistancefulcrumOsteologyI.GeneralDescriptionofOsteologyAxialskeletonAppendicularskeleton1.Boneisanorgan

PropershapeCharacteristicfunctionsOwnbloodandnervesupplyMetabolismandplasticity

2.Theshapeandclassification

Longbones:Ashaft;AcavityandtwoextremitiesShortbones:AcuboidFlatbones:TwolayersofcompactbonewithspongyIrregularbonesII.Thestructureofbones1.BonySubstanceCompact:resistingstressesandbendingSpongy:arrangedinlineofthepressureandtensionCompactboneSpongyboneperiosteumMedullarycavity2.Periosteum

Outer:

Inner:PeriosteumEndosteumOsteoblastOsteoclastFibrous3.BonemarrowRedBoneMarrow:ProducebloodcellsYellowBoneMarrow:FatcellsIII.ChemicalcompositionofbonesOrganiccomponentsProteincollagenProteinpolysaccharidesInorganiccomponents:CalciumphosphateProportionofI/OisincreasedwithagingJellyfishCoralfrangiblesoftgreenstickfracturecomminutedfracturelinearfractureRelationshipbetweenfracturetypeandageIV.Developmentofthebones1.IntramembranousossificationAnterior

fontanellePosteriorfontanellecoronalsuturesagittalsuturelambdoidsuture

neonatalcranialviewoftheaboveadultcranialviewoftheaboveCartilagemodelBonecollarPrimaryossificationcenterPrimarymedullarycavitySecondaryossificationcenterEpiphysialplateQuestions:Howtoincreasethelengthanddiameter?2.Whataretheshaft,epiphysis,andepiphy-sialline?2.Endochonndralossification7yearsold12yearsold22

yearsoldRegulationofgrowthhormoneonbonedevelopmentgrowthhomoneboneanteriorpituitaryhyposecretionhypersecretionmicroplasiagigantism

V.Functionsofthebones

SupportingofthebodyLeversformusclesProtectionoforgan