2023年国卷语法填空+短文改错真题专练及答案

12023语法填空真题

总分：班级： 姓名：Cloze 1 2023全国卷Ⅰ，15分话题：饮食与安康词数：196阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontentandlesssalt.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界) 1 amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside 2 (effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired3(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.Whenfatandsalt 4(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.As5result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even6(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood7(be)fulloffatandsalt;by8(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.Havingenoughfatandsaltin yourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack( 吃点心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be 9 (care)nottogotoextremes.Likeanything,itispossible10tohavetoomuchofboth, isnotgoodforthehealth.10Cloze 2 2023全国卷Ⅱ，15分话题：地下客运铁路词数：181In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible 1 (crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand42 work.Ittookthreeyearstocompleteandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod.Thisincludeddiggingup4theroad, 3 (lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverbeendone,theroadsurfacewasreplaced.

top.WhenallthosehadSteamengines5(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen6(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusing7everyday.Later,engineers8(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道),whichbecameknownastheTube.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe 9(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost 10(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.Ithadwhite-paintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages,andprovedextremelypopularwiththepublic.Cloze32023全国卷Ⅲ，15分话题：上学的同时兼职做模特词数：196Shelookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,fresh-facedandfulloflife.SarahThomasislookingforwardtothechallengeofhernewA-levelcourse.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term21 (rest).Instead,sheisearning￡6,500adayas modelinNewYork.2Sarah3(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.HerfatherPeter,44,wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfull-time.ButSarah,4hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants5(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher6(educate).Shehasturneddownseveral7(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.8Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegreeengineeringorarchitecture.8Sarahsays,“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school9(come)first.Idon’twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.Itis 10(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.Idon’twanttohavenothingelsetofallbackonwhenIcan’tmodelanymore.“2023短文改错高考真题Correction12023全国卷Ⅰ，10分 〔每个1分〕Inthesummerholidayfollowingmyeighteenbirthday,Itookdrivinglessons.Istillrememberhowhard0firstdaywas.Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructosorders,soonceIstartedthecar,mymindgoesblank.Iforgotwhathehadsaidtomealtogether.Theinstructorkeptrepeatingtheword,“Speedup!““Slowdown!““Turningleft!“IwassomuchnervousthatIcouldhardlytellwhichdirectionwasleft.Afewminuteslate,theinstructor askedmetostopthecar.ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjust inthemiddleontheroad.Correction22023全国卷Ⅱ，10分〔1分〕Mr.andMrs.Zhangallworkinourschool.Theylivefarfromtheschool,andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestinginplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.Theyoftengetupearlierandwaterthevegetablestogether.Theyhavealsoboughtforsomegardeningtools.Beside,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfromtheInternet.Whensummercame,theywillinvitetheirstudentspickthefreshvegetables!Correction32023全国卷Ⅲ，10分 〔每个1分〕WhenIlookatthispictureofmyself,Irealizeofhowfasttimeflies.Ihadgrownnotonlyphysically,andalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastook,Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecomeanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.Aroundmeinpicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime:carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.Ienjoyedstudyingdifferencekindsofcarsandplanes,playingpopmusic,andcollectingthelatemusicalbums.Thispictureoftenbringsbacktomemanyhappymemoriesofyourhighschooldays.2023年全国卷语法填空真题答案Cloze 1本文是一篇说明文，主要表达了一种低脂肪、低盐的饮食趋势及其对人们安康的影响。as考察介词。分析句子构造可知，此处在句中作状语，表示“作为一种抵挡心脏病的方式“，所以填as，意为“作为“。effects考察名词复数。这种趋势产生了一些意想不到的副作用。依据空前的“some“及空后的“suchasoverweightandheartdisease“可知，此处指不止一种副作用，故用名词复数形式effects。toprocess考察非谓语动词。berequiredtodosth.为固定用法。areremoved考察时态和语态。本文的主体时态为一般现在时，此处亦应用一般现在时；又fatandsalt是动词remove的承受者，应用被动语态。所以此处填areremoved。5.a考察冠词。asaresult为固定搭配，意为“结果“。worse考察比较级。短语Evenworse意为“更糟糕的是“，表示意义的递进。故用worse。is考察时态和主谓全都。此处是对客观状况的描述，应用一般现在时；分析句子构造可知，该句缺少谓语动词，又因主语为Fastfood，故填is。eating考察非谓语动词。介词by后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故填eating。9.careful考察形容词。此处为形容词作表语，故填careful“留神的“构成系表构造。10.which考察关系代词。分析句子构造可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，空处指代前句的内容，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词which。Cloze 2本文为说明文，介绍了全世界第一个地下客运铁路在英国开放及其渐渐进展成现在的地铁的过程。【段意梳理】第一段：介绍了世界上第一个地下客运铁路的创立以及相关事宜。其次段：蒸汽机是地下客运铁路的动力机，尽管它让乘客感到不舒适，但乘客数量却大增。第三段：地下客运铁路进展成现在的地铁。crowds考察名词复数。由于crowd为可数名词，并且其前没有限定词，所以此处用其复数形式。from考察介词。此处是指“当他们来回上下班时“。laying考察非谓语动词。分析句子构造可知，该句的主语为This，谓语动词includedand连接了三个动名词短语作宾语。故填laying。【易错点拨】该句中的lay不是与前面的谓语动词included并列，而是与diggingupbuilding并列。句式构造的分析是解答该题的关键。thetop前加the。wereused1863Steamenginesuse之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填wereused。fairly考察副词。副词修饰形容词unpleasant，故在其前填fairly。it考察代词。依据上文的“therailwayquickly“it代替therailway。【学问拓展】one指代上文提到的单数的人或物，指“同一类中的一个“，表示泛指意义；that指上文消灭的名词，表示同类的东西，既可指代可数名词单数，又可指代不行数名词，常有后置定语修饰，表特指；it指上文提到的同一事物，与前面的名词是同一个，表特指。managed考察动词时态。由于engineersmanagemanaged。introduction考察词性转换。由前面的定冠词the可知，其后应接名词，故填introduction。successfulthemostsuccessful。Cloze 316岁的Sarah在上学的同时兼职做模特，并且取得了巨大的成功；虽然她父亲期望她当全职模特，但是Sarah仍旧坚持要完成学业。【段意梳理】16岁女孩Sarah与同龄孩子不同，在学习的同时兼顾从事模特职业。其次段：Sarah的父亲期望她放弃学业，但她坚信自己可以做到秀丽与才智并存。第三段：Sarah拒绝了很多演出邀请，认真于学业，立志考上大学。第四段：Sarah谈论不想放弃学业而专职做模特的缘由。1.resting考察固定搭配。spendtimedoingsth.是固定搭配，故填resting。2.a考察冠词。该空后面model是可数名词单数，此处表示“作为一名模特“，故填a。hasbeentold/wastoldtellSarahSarahhasbeentold。此外，“被告知“这件事情发生在过去，故也可填wastold。【易错点拨】考生在考虑动词的时态时，常常会无视语态，如此题简洁误填told。因此，当考察动词的时候要从句意理解动身，考虑动作的主语与动词之间是主动还是被动的关系。who考察定语从句。此句Sarah是主语，wants是主句谓语，因此可以推断此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为Sarah，从句中缺主语且指人，故填who。toprove考察非谓语动词。wanttodo是固定搭配，故填toprove。education考察词性转换。形容词性物主代词her后需用educate的名词形式，故填education。7.invitationsinvitationseveralinvitations。in考察介词。degree与介词in搭配，表示在某方面的学位。故填in。comes考察动词时态。全文均为现在时，且school是第三人称单数，故填comes。【易错点拨】动词假设使用一般现在时，要留意主语是不是第三人称单数。此题简洁误填come。certainly考察副词。此处fun是名词，但空处修饰整个句子，作状语，故填certainly。【学问拓展】考察形容词与副词时，除了要考虑词性相互转换，还要考虑形容词与副词的反义词。比方括号里给出fortunate一词，需要改为副词形式fortunately，同时还要结合句意来推断，是否要改为unfortunately。2023年全国卷短文改错真题答案Correction12023全国卷Ⅰ，10分①考察序数词。“18岁生日“，应用序数词eighteenth。②由序数词first可知，其前应加定冠词the。也可以用形容词性物主代词myfirstday。③考察上下文的规律关系。依据语境可知，前后两句之间为转折关系，故把so改为butyet。④考察时态。本文表达作者18岁生日后的那个暑假发生的事情，且通篇以过去时为主。此处应用一般过去时，故把goeswent。⑤考察名词的数。依据下文可知，教练发出了很多指令，故用word的复数形式words。⑥考察谓语动词。此处为祈使句，并和上文中的“Speedup“和“Slowdown“并列，故改为动词原形Turn。⑦考察固定句型。此处含有“so...that...“引导的结果状语从句，句中的much多余，故删除。⑧考察副词。late意为“迟，晚“。“一段时间+later“表示“一段时间之后“late改为later。⑨考察形容词。该句中的名词stop应用形容词修饰，所以把suddenlysudden。⑩考察固定搭配。inthemiddleof意为“在……的中间“，故把on改为of。Correction22023全国卷Ⅱ，10分①考察代词。