英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略课件

PPT文档演模板英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略2023/9/29英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略Translation

of

discourse英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板What

is

the

discourse?Discourse

means

either

"written

orspoken

communication.

The

term

isoften

used

insemantics

and

discourse

analysis.汉语定义英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板篇章（text）是表达整体概念的语义单位。篇章是语言在交际中，特别是在书面交际中的对象和理想单位。它不只是一连串句子和段落的集合，而是一个结构完整、功能明确的语义统一体。（陈宏薇）篇章翻译是指高于句子层次或句以上的语言单位的翻译。（王治奎）篇章特征英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板篇章它具有形式和逻辑的一致性。语篇并非是互不关联的句子的简单堆积，而是一些意义相联系的句子为达到一定交际目的，通过各种衔接手段而实现的有机结合。（一）A

Comparison

BetweenChinese

Discourse

and

EnglishDiscourse英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板1.The

Similarities1.1

Cohesion(衔接）(cohesive

devices)It

concerns

how

the

actual

words

we

hear

orsee

are

mutually

connected

within

a

sequence.（词汇上的衔接关系）1.2

Coherence（连贯性）(coherent)It

concerns

the

ways

in

which

thecomponents

of

the

textual

wordaremutually

accessible

and

relevant.(distribute

knowledge

or

attain

a

object)（意义上的内在联系）英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板2.

TheDifferences2.1

Chinese

Discourse→Inductive（归纳性的）

→SpiralEnglish Discourse

→Deductive（演绎性的）→Straight英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板他出生在这一类人中间，出生在这种地方，他还有这样的母亲，这些要是让他知道的话，他会多么丢人。

He

knew

how

ashamed

he

would

have

been

if

she

had

known

his

mother

andthe

kind

of

place

in

which

he

was

born,and

the

kind

of

people

among

whom

hewas

born.英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板2.2

Parataxis

VS

HypotaxisChinese

discourse-----parataxis(意合）English

discourse-------Hypotaxis(形合）Example(1)牡丹江水，汹涌澎湃，万马奔腾，一泻千里。Translation:

Waves

upon

waves,

the

PeonyRiver

rushed

violently

down

its

long

courselike

a

horse

galloping.英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板2.3

Subject

consciousness

VS

ObjectconsciousnessChinese

discourse---Subjectconsciousness(主体意识）---person

assubject（主语）English

discourse----Objectconsciousness（客体意识）----Thing

assubject英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板General

principles英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板英汉语篇在结构形态和逻辑关系上相似时，一般可以采用“临摹”的办法，按照源语的发展思路，在译语中复制或基本照搬源语行文的建构方式。这种方法称作“逻辑顺组”（logic

copying）。由于汉英在语言结构，语篇衔接模式，逻辑层次等方面存在很大的差异，汉英互译时往往需要进行“逻辑重组”(logicreshuffling)(二）衔接与连贯(cohesion

and

coherence

)英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板1

cohesionHalliday

&

Hasan

在Cohesion

in

English中将英语的衔接手段分成五大类照应reference替代substitution省略ellipsis词汇衔接lexical

cohesion连接conjunction英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板1.1

reference(照应）Personal reference(人称照应）人称照应是通过人称代词(如they,she,him

等）、所属限定词（如his,your,its

等）,和所属代词（hers,theirs，mine

等）和冠词指示代词来实现。英语人称代词以及相应的限定词的使用率大大高于汉语。英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板为了衔接紧密增译代词和冠词孔乙己是站着喝酒而穿长衫的唯一的人。他身材高大；青白脸色，皱纹间时常夹些伤痕；一部乱蓬蓬的花白

的胡子。穿的虽然是长衫，可是又脏又破，似乎十多

年没有补，也没有洗。（《孔乙己》）Kong

was

the

only

long-gowned

customer

todrink

his

wine

standing.

He

was

a

big

man,strangely

pallid,

with

scars

that

often

showedamong

the

wrinkles

ofhis

face.

He

had

a

largeunkempt

beard,

streaked

with

white.

Althoughhe

wore

a

long

gown,

it

was

dirty

and

tattered,and

looked

as

if

it

had

not

been

washed

ormended

for

over

ten

years.

(Tr.

Yang

Xianyi

&Gladys

Yang)英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板每年农历十二月二十以后，海岛上

的居民便开始进入过年倒计时。先

搞卫生，掸去一年尘土。接着准备

食品，做年糕，炒倭豆、炒番薯片、打米花糖。二十五、二十六起，家

家户户开始“谢年”：祀祖先。英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板Every

year

after

the

20th

of

the

lunar

12thmonth,

inhabitants

on

the

island

would

starttheir

countdown

on

the

Spring

Festival.

They

would

sweep

their

houses

clean,

flickeringevery

bit

of

dust

off

the

furniture.

Afterthatthey

begin

to

prepare

various

foods:

steamedNew

Year

cakes,

fried

beans,

fired

sweetpotato

chips,

and

baked

rice

cookies.

On

the25th

and

26th

of

the

month,

households

starttheir

“New

Year

Thanks-giving”

rites

to

payhomage

to

their

ancestors.英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板1.2

Substitution(替代）Substitution

could

be

found

in

Chineselanguage

and

English

Language,

butcomparatively,

it

is

used

morefrequently

in

English

Language.英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板甲：玛丽学近代文学，不学近代语言学。乙:她学近代历史么？A：Mary

studies

modern

literature

anddoesn’t

do

modern

linguistics.B：Does

she

do

modern

history?英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板1.3

ellipsisChinese

--------repetitionEnglish---------ellipsis近朱者赤，近墨者黑。Association

with

the

good

canonlyproduce

good,

with

the

wicked,

evil.英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板阅读训练人的眼睛，说话训练人的口齿，写作训练人的思维。Reading

exercises

one’s

eyes;

speaking,

one’s

tongue;

while

writing,

one’smind..英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板1.4

lexical

cohesion(词汇衔接）Chinese--------lexical

repetition（词汇重复）English----------Semanticrepetition（语义重复or

relative

pronoun）英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板1）每年有2000多个等待器官移植的病人濒于死亡……（人体）器官的短缺非常严重。More

than

2，000

patients

are

dyingannually

while

waiting

fortransplant,…The

shortage

oforgans

isso

serious英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板2)这个时候他来了，而这时我根本想不到他会来。He

came

at

a

time

when

I

least

expected

him.3)那是一个寒冷潮湿的晚上，这样的晚上大部分人呆在家里。It

was

one

of

those

cold,

wet

evenings

when

most

people

stay

indoors.英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板1.5

conjunction连接成分本身就具有明确含义，通过在语篇中使用这类连接性词语，“人们可以了解子句之间的语义联系，甚至可经前句从逻辑上预见后续句的语义。（胡壮麟，1994：92）英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板表示递进关系：also,too,furthermore,besides,moreover,in

addition,what

ismore…表示因果关系：because,for.For

this

reason.Since,as

a

result,thus,therefore,so,consequently,of

course,accordingly…表示文章意义的转折或对比：although,however,on

the

contrary,still,but,otherwise,despite,nevertheless,though,infact,on

the

other

hand,as

a

matter

of

fact…英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板表示文章中事件发生的时空顺序：first,

second,third…

after

this/that,

meanwhile,

suddenly,and

so

on,

then,

before,

next,

formerly,

later,finally

in

the

end,

at

last…表示列举：firstly,secondly…,for

one

thing…,for

another;first

of

all,to

begin

with,then,last,

in

conclusion,

last

of

all,

to

conclude…表示举例、解释：for

example,for

instance,thatis,namely,to

illustrate…表示总结：in

short,to

sum

up,in

conclusion,briefly,on

the

whole,to

conclude,tosummarize…英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板本人在香港创业二十余年，历尽艰辛，虽在事业上略有成就，但也饱尝人世间的风风雨雨。每次回乡总是得到家乡各级领导的热情接待，心头总有一种温馨的感受，一种到家的感觉。•英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板It

has

been

more

than

20

years

since

Istarted

my

career

in

Hong

Kong,

whereI

have

weathered

through

varioushardships

.

My

modest

achievements

inbusiness

also

go

alongwithmultitudinous

pains

and

tears.

As

aresult,

every

time

when

I

return

to

myhometown,

where

I

am

givenwarmreceptions

by

the

local

governmentleaders,

my

heart

will

be

over

flownwith

tenderness

and

affection,

for

itgives

me

a

feeling

of

home.英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板Reference指称2)Reference

is

greatly

encouragedtouse

in

English

discourse.

But

it

isseldom

adopted

in

Chinese

discourse.他双手插进口袋，然后耸了耸肩。He

put

his

hands

into

his

pockets

andthen

shrugged

his

shoulders.英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板名落孙山孙山，滑稽才子也。赴举时，乡人托以子偕往。榜发，乡人子失意，山缀榜先归。乡人问其子得失，山曰：“解名尽处是孙山，贤郎更在山外。”英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板名落孙山：A

name

after

the

last

one

on

thelist.孙山，滑稽才子也:

Sunshan was

atalentedscholar

known

for

his

sense

of

humour赴举时，乡人托以子偕往:

Sunshan

was

aboutto

set

off

to

sit

for an

imperial

civilexamination

at

the

country

level

when

avillager

came

to

ask

him

to

accompanywithhis

son

who

was

leaving

for

the

samepurpose.英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板榜发，乡人子失意，山缀榜先归。When

the

list

of

successful

candidates

waspublished/

made

public,

the

villager’s

son

turned

outa

failure,

and

Sunshan’s

name

was,

by

good

fortune,the

last

one

on

the

list,

Sunshan

first

hurriedhomewith

glad

news.乡人问其子的失，山曰The

villager

was

extremely

anxious

and

askedhimabout

his

son’s

fortune.

Sun

replied

suggestively

inverse.英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板解名尽处是孙山，贤郎更在孙山外。”Sun

Shan

is

at

the

end

of

thename-list,your

worthy

son

comes

after

Sunsan.英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板（三）Translation

Techniques英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板1）如果静思太久，觉得孤独了，不妨翻开你可爱的书，书会使你轻松让你充实。（2）在静静的空间里读一本好书，如同冬日里围坐一盆炭火与挚友谈心。（3）平日，因工作太忙，或交际太繁，你难得与古今中外的智者交谈。而今，你却可以凝神倾听他们的教诲了。在静心的阅读中，你的学识逐渐得到增

长。（6）你也可以依随自己的爱好，去干任

何一件感兴趣的事。（7）静静地听一段音乐，专注地画几笔画，认真摆一盘残局，甚至翻翻往日影集，想念一番遥远的朋友。（8）这些，无一不是人生的快乐。1）如果静思太久，觉得孤独了，不妨翻开你可爱的书，书会使你轻松让你充实。（1）When

loneliness

comes

overyouas

a

result

of

too

much

thinking,

afavorite

book

will

ease

your

mind

andbroaden

your

horizons.点评：shift

of

perspective(视角转化）,combination（合并),amplification(增词）英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略PPT文档演模板2）在静静的空间里读一本好书，如同冬日里围坐一盆炭火与挚友谈心。Reading

a

good

book

is

like

having

afire