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SAT北美真题
2018年11月
Willey的书房
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CONTINUE
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DIRECTIONS
Eachpassageorpairofpassagesbelowisfollowedbyanumberofquestions.Afterreadingeachpassageorpair,choosethebestanswertoeachquestionbasedonwhatisstatedorimpliedinthepassageorpassagesandinanyaccompanyinggraphics(suchasatableorgraph).
Questions1-10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
ThispassageisfromJhumpaLahiri,TheLowland,©2013byJhumpaLahiri.UdayanandSubhasharetwobrotherswholiveinCalcutta,India.PatherPanchali(1955)isanaward-winningIndianfilm.
Whentheywereoldenough,whentheywerepermittedtoleavethehouse,theyweretoldnottolosesightofoneanother.Togethertheywandered
Linedownthewindinglanesoftheenclave,
5behindthepondsandacrossthelowland,totheplayingfieldwheretheysometimesmetupwithotherboys.Theywenttothemosqueatthecorner,tositonthecoolofitsmarblesteps,sometimeslisteningtoafootballgameson
10someonesradiotheguardianofthemosqueneverminding.
Eventuallytheywereallowedtoleavetheenclave,andtoenterthegreatercity.Towalkastheirlegswouldcarrythem,toboardtramsandbussesby
15themselves.Stillthemosqueonethecorner,aplaceofworshipforthoseofaseparatefaith,orientedtheirdailycomingsandgoings.
Atonepoint,becauseUdayansuggestedit,they
begantolingeroutsideTechnicians’Studio,where
20SatyajitRayhadshotPatherPanchali,whereBengalicinemastarsspenttheirdays.Now
andthen,becausesomeonewhoknewthemwasemployedontheshoot,theywereusheredinamidthetangleofcableshadwires,theglaringlights.
25Afterthecallforsilence,aftertheboardwasclapped,theywatchedthedirectorandhiscrewtakingandretakingasinglescene,perfectingahandfuloflines.Aday’swork,devotedto
moment’sentertainment.
30 Theycaughtsightofbeautifulactressesastheyemergedfromtheirdressingrooms,shieldedbysunglasses,steppingintowaitingcars.Udayanwastheonebraveenoughtoaskthemforautographs.Hewasblindtoself-constrains,like
35ananimalincapableofperceivingcertaincolors.ButSubhashstrovetominimizehisexistence,asotheranimalsmergedwithbarkorbladesofgrass.
Inspiteoftheirdifferencesonewasperpetually
40confusedwiththeother,sothatwheneithername
wascalledbothwereconditionedtoanswer.Andsometimesitwasdifficulttoknowwhohadanswered,giventhattheirvoiceswerenearlyindistinguishable.Sittingoverthechessboardthey
45weremirrorimages:onelegbent,theothersplayedout,chinsproppedontheirknees.Theyweresimilarenoughinbuilddrawfromasinglepileofclothes.Theircomplexions,alightcopperycompoundderivedfromtheirparents,
50wereidentical.Theirdouble-jointedfingers,thesharpcutoftheirfeatures,thewavytextureoftheirhair.
Subhashwonderedifhisplacidnaturewasregardedasalackofinventiveness,perhapseven
55afailing,inhisparents’eyes.Hisparentsdidnothavetoworryabouthimandyettheydidnotfavorhim.Itbecamehismissiontoobeythem,
giventhatitwasn’tpossibletosurpriseorimpress
them.ThatwaswhatUdayandid.
60 Inthecourtyardoftheirfamily’shousewasthemostenduringlegacyofUdayan’stransgression.Atrailofhisfootprints,createdthedaythedirtsurfacewaspaved.Adaythey’dbeeninstructedtoremainindoorsuntilithadset.
65 Allmorningthey’dwatchedthemasonpreparingtheconcreteinawheelbarrow,spreadingandsmoothingthewetmixturewithhistools.Twenty-fourhours,themasonhadwarnedthem,
beforeleaving.
70 Subhashhadlistened.Hehaswatchedthroughthewindow,hehadnotgoneout.Butwhentheir
mother’sbackwasturned,Udayanrandownthelongwoodenplanktemporarilysetuptogetfromthedoortothestreet.
75Halfwayacrosstheplankhelosthisbalance,theevidenceofhispathformingimpressionofthesolesofhisfeet,taperinglikeanhourglassatthecentre,thepadsofthetoesdisconnected.
Thefollowingdaythemasonwascalledback.
80Bythenthesurfacehaddried,andtheimpressionleftbyUdayan’sfeetwerepermanent.Theonlywaytorepairtheflawwastoapplyanotherlayer.Subhashwonderedwhetherthistimehisbrotherhadgonetoofar.
85 Buttothemasontheirfathersaid,Leaveitbe.Notfortheexpenseoreffortinvolved,butbecausehebelieveditwaswrongtoerasestepsthathissonhadtaken.
3
WhichchoicebestsupporttheideathatUdayanandSubhashaccept,asamatterofcourse,thefactthat
othersfailtodrawacleardistinctionbetweenthem?
A)
Lines39-41(“Inspite...answer”)
B)
Lines41-44(“Andsometimes...
indistinguishable”)
C)
Lines44-46(“Siting...knees”)
D)
Lines48-50(“Their...identical”)
4
Inthecontextofthenarrator’sphysicaldescription
ofthebrothers,thedetailofthe“singlepileof
clothes”(line48)servesmainlyto
A)
Emphasizethatthedescriptionmirrorsthe
brothers’perceptionofthemselves.
B)
noteonerespectinwhichthedescriptionmay
misrepresentthebrothers
C)
citeaparticularfactaboutthebrothersthat
corroboratesthedescription.
D)
Suggestthatthedescriptionholdstruerare
certaintimesthanatothers.
8
Basedonthepassage,whichchoicebeststateshow
thefatherviewsthefootprintsinthecourtyard?
A)
Hecherishesthemassuggestiveofhis
children’sfuturegreatness.
B)
HeacceptsthemassymbolicofUdayan’s
boldness.
C)
Heinterpretsthemasametaphorforhisown
lostyouth.
D)
Hewelcomesthemasareminderofhisother
son’sobedience
9
Thenarratorsuggeststhatastimepassed,theincidentinvolvingthefootprintstookona
significancemostlikethatofa
A)
familiarlegendwhoseexactorigincannotbe
identified.
B)
Historicalnarrativethatsuggesthowone
shouldbehaveinthepresent.
C)
Personalmemorythatonerecountstoanew
acquaintance.
D)
Cautionarytalethatonetellstodiscourage
carelessbehavior.
C)
environment.
D)
shape.
Andsotheimperfectionbecameamarkof
90distinctionabouttheirhome.Somethingvisitorsnoticed,thefirstfamilyanecdotethatwastold.
1
Thepassageindicatesthatasthebrothersage,they
areallowedgreaterfreedomto
A)
exploretheworldoutsidetheirhome.
B)
assistinhuoseholdchores
C)
spendtimeapartfromoneanother
D)
pursueworkinthefilmindustry
6
Itcanreasonablybeinferredfromthepassagethat
Subhashperceiveshisparentsas
A)
mistakinghisself-restraintforapathy
B)
preferringhisbrothertohim
C)
resentinghimasareflectionoftheirown
weaknesses.
D)
underestimatingtheeffortthatobeyingthem
requires.
2
Indescribingtheactivityatthefilmstudio,the
narratordrawswhichcontrast?
A)
Thecalmnessofthefilmshootversusthefanfarethataccompaniesthedebutofafilmin
movietheaters
B)
Thetalentoftheactorsandfilmcrewversus
thequalityofthefinishedfilm
C)
Thebrothers’interestinfilmmakingversusthe
filmmakers’obliviousnesstotheboys.
D)
Thetimeandeffortthatgointomakingafilm
versustheaudience’sfleetingexperienceofa
film
7
Inthecontextofthepassage,the“transgression”
(line61)arebestunderstoodas
A)
Violationsofpubliclaw.
B)
instancesofphysicaltrespassing.
C)
Actsofthoughtlessrulebreaking.
D)
Misunderstandingofsocialcustom.
5
Asusedinline53,“nature”mostnearlymeans
A)
Temperament.
B)
influence.
10
Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidenceforthe
answertothepreviousquestion?
A)
Lines60-63(“Inthe...paved”)
B)
Lines79-82(“Thefollowing...layer”)
C)
Lines85-88(“Butto...taken”)
D)
Lines89-91(“Andso...told”)
Questions11-21arebasedonthefollowingpassages.
Passage1isadaptedfromaspeechdeliveredin1980byThurgoodMarshall.“RemarksattheSecondCircuitJudicialConference.”Passage2isadaptedfromStevenMazie,“PlayingFavourites.”©2014byTheEconomistNewspaperLimited.
passage1
Inthecourts,...impartialityisrequired,andpoliticalcompromisehasnoroleatall.Judgesaresupposedtobereflective,consideringthe(line)
Linecontroversybeforetheminlightofthebroader
5legalschemes,Constitutionalandotherwise,whichguidethecountry.Decisionstraditionallyarejustifiedbyopinionsannouncingreasoningderivedfromearliercasesandestablishedprinciples;rawpoliticalpowerisneverasufficient
10justificationforanyjudicialdecision.
Constitutionalrightsshouldneverbecompromisedbythecourtsinthenameofexpediency.
Thejudiciaryoperatesunderapremiseofneutralityratherthanpartisanship.Federaljudges
15areinsulated,asmuchaspossible,frompoliticalpressurewhichmightinterferewith
principleddecisionmaking.[Federal]judgeshavelifetenureandarefreefromthreatsofeconomicretaliationforunpopulardecisions.Inaddition,we
20cannothaveapersonalstakeintheoutcomeofanycasebeforeus,andtheCodeofJudicialConductcautionsustoavoideventheappearanceofimpropriety.
Thereasonforthisstrictrequirementof
25impartialityisthattheindividualstandsastherefereewhenevertheindividualcitizenandhisgovernmentconflict.Suchanarbitermustbeindependentandneutral.Thewholepurposeoftheseparationofpoweristoestablishanequal
30branchofthegovernmentwhichcanchecktheotherbrancheswhentheirpoliticalcompromisesandgeneralizedfocusresultsin
unfairnesstotheindividual.Ifthegovernmentactsfairly,thecourtstandsasaguardian,forcingthe
35otherbranchestorecognizethatbasicprincipleshavebeenviolatedandthatcertainpersons
havebeendeniedtheirfundamentalrighttoequaltreatmentunderlaw.Itcanneverbethegreatestgoodforthegreatestnumbertodenytheequal
40moralworthofafellowhumanbeing.Similarly,whentheinterestsofindividualsclash,therecannotbeanydangerofpredispositionbythecourtifeachlitigantistobeconfidentthathehasreceivedequaltreatment.Beforethebar,allmen
45andwomenmuststandequal,withtheirclaimsresolvedsolelyonthestrengthoflegalprinciples.
Passage2
JeromeFrank,amid-20th-centurylegalthinker,issaidtohaveclaimedthatjusticeisa
50functionofwhatthejudgehadforbreakfast.Don’tlettheirblackrobes,seriousmiensandpledgesoffealtytothelawfoolyou,Mr.Frankwarned:judicialdecisionsarenotcoolapplicationsofobjectivelegalprinciples.Rather,
55theyaremanifestationsofpersonalpredilectionsandbiases.
Mr.Frank’sobservationseemstoapplyalltoowelltotoday’sSupremeCourt.Whenruling
onbig,controversialcases,thejusticessplitfairly
60reliablyalongpartysimplywasn’tafactorinhigh-courtdecisions.OnlyinrecentdecadeshavepartypoliticsinfiltratedthemarblehallsoftheSupremeCourt,andonlyinthepastfewyearshavetheybecomethebestpredictorofitsmajor
65rulings.TheSupremeCourthasneverdividedalongpartisanlinesasneatlyasitdoestoday,
Ahighcourtthatsplitsintoideologicalcampswhilepurportingtoprovide“equaljusticeunderlaw”callsintoquestionitsverylegitimacy.It
70makesamockeryofChiefJusticeJohnRoberts’shoaryclaimthatajustice’sjobisto“callballsandstrikesandnottopitchorbat.”ItgivesonethesensethatwhenChiefJusticeassertshehas“noagenda,”he’sprotestingabittoomuch.
75 Indeed,newresearchbythreepoliticalscientistsshowsjusthowavidlythejusticesgo
tobatforcausestheyidentifywith.Intheirpaper,LeeEpsteinoftheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaandtwocolleaguesexamined4,519
80votesin516SupremeCourtfree-speechcasesfrom1953to2010todeterminewhether“justicedefendthespeechtheyhated.”The
answer:rarely.Contrarytostereotypesabouttherelativefriendlinessofconservativesorliberalsto
85free-speechclaimsgenerally,Ms.Epsteinandherco-authorsfoundthatthejusticesare
“opportunisticfreespeeches.”Someprinciplemightbefoundtoaccountforthesuspiciouspatternsintheirvotes,buttheevidencelooks
90pretty[clear].Justices’votes“areneitherreflexivelypro-oranti-thefirstamendment”;theyare,instead,fororagainst“thespeaker’sideologicalenclave.”
11
ItcanreasonablybeinferredfromPassage1thatMarshallbelievesthepurposeofthefederaljudiciarywouldbeunderminedifitwerealteredinwhich
way?
A)
Officialsinotherbranchesofgovernmentwereforbiddenfromdiscussingfederalcourtcases
withthepress.
12
Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidenceforthe
answertothepreviousquestion?
A)
Lines13-14(“Thejudiciary…partisanship”)
B)
Line17-19(“Federal…decisions”)
C)
Line19-23(“Inaddition…impropriety”)
D)
Line28-33(“Thewhole…individual”)
13
AccordingtoMarshallinPassage1,theCodeof
JudicialConductrecommendsthatjudges
A)
relinquishfinancialgainsthatmayresultfrom
theirrulings.
B)
Shunanybehaviorthatcanbeinterpretedas
improper.
C)
usetheirrulingstoretaliateagainstelected
officials.
D)
Dispenserulingsthataretimelyandefficient.
14
Asusedinline50,“function”mostnearlymeans
A)
result
B)
occupation
C)
celebration
D)
purpose
17
InPassage2,Maziestatesthatoverthecourseofrecentdecades,thedecisionsofSupremeCourt
justicesincreasinglycorrelatewith
A)
anemergingnationalconsensusonfree-speech
issues.
B)
shiftsinthetoneofpoliticaldiscussioninthe
UnitedStates.
C)
personalexperiencesinthejustices’lives
outsideofthecourtroom.
D)
thepoliticalaffiliationofthepresidentswho
appointedthejustices.
18
Itcanreasonablybeinferredfromthepassagesthatbothauthorswouldconsidertheintegrityofacourt
rulingtobecompromisedunderwhichcondition?
A)
Therulinginvokeslegislativeandexecutive
precedentaswellasjudicialprecedent.
B)
Judgesdefendarulingtheyhaveissuedby
commentingonitoutsideofthecourtroom.
C)
Politicaltendenciesinformthelegalreasoning
behindtheruling.
D)
Thevaluesofthejudgesdifferfromthose
embodiedbythegovernment.
B)
Theethicalstandardsofthejudiciaryweredeterminedbyitsmembersratherthanby
otherbranches.
C)
Judgesweresubjecttoreappointmentordismissalbyelectedofficials,basedonareview
oftheirrulings.
D)
Courtrulingwerenarrowlytailoredtothespecificsofeachcase,avoidingfundamental
politicalandphilosophicalquestions.
A)
pleadsuccessfully.
B)
relateespecially.
C)
appealdeeply.
D)
stickphysically.
16
15
Inpassage2,howdoesMaizeusethediscussionof
FrankandEpsteintopresenthisargument?
A)
HecitesFrankasanestablishedauthorityforarecommendedcourseofactionandEpsteinasa
morecontemporaryauthority.
B)
HecitesFrankinordertoendorseatheoryandEpsteininordertosuggestaslightmodification
tothattheory.
C)
HecitesFrankasaspokespersonforaparticularpositionandEpsteinasaresearcher
corroboratingthatposition.
D)
HecitesFrankinordertoidentifyalong-standingdilemmaandEpsteinasascientist
offeringasolutiontothatdilemma.
19
Whichchoicebestidentifiesadifferenceinhowtheauthorsmakeuseofthecomparisonofjudgestotherefereeorumpireinasportingeventinline26of
Passage1andlines71-72ofPassage2?
A)
Marshallconsidersthecomparisonasvalid,ifoverused,whereasMazieidentifiesitasacliché
tobeavoided.
B)
Marshalloffersthecomparisonasanaptdescription,whereasMaziesuggestsitis
misleading.
C)
Marshallimpliesthatthecomparisonisarespectfulone,whereasMaziecriticizesitas
scornful.
D)
Marshallemploysthecomparisonasanimageofunity,whereasMazidemploysitasanimage
ofdivisiveness.
20
BasedonPassage2,howwouldMaziemostlikelyrespondtothepositionMarshalltakesinlines44-47
ofpassage1(“Before...principles”)?
A)
HewouldarguethatalthoughcasualobservationofSupremeCourtrulingdebunks
Marshall’sclaim,examinationofthembylegal
Asusedinline57,“applyalltoowell”mostnearly
means
scholarsconfirmsit.
B)
HewouldconsiderMarshall’sdescriptiontrueforthemajorityofSupremeCourtrulingbutmisrepresentativeofrulingsinfree-speech
cases.
C)
HewouldcontendthatMarshall’sassessmentwasanunusualoneinthepastbuthasgrownincreasinglymainstreaminthecurrentpolitical
climate.
D)
HewouldassertthatMarshall’ssentimentis
contradictedbyjudges’sympathetictreatment
oflitigantswhosebeliefstheyendorse.
21
WhichchoicefromPassage2providesthebest
evidencefortheanswertopreviousquestion?
A)
Lines58-61(“When...presidents”)
B)
Lines61-65(“Only...rulings”)
C)
Lines75-77(“Indeed...with”)
D)
Lines77-82(“Intheir...hate”)
Questions22-31arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
ThispassageisadaptedfromElizabethPreston.“Found:TheIdealFatnessforElephantSeals.”©2014byKalmbachPublishingCo.
Northernelephantseals(Miroungaangustirostris) spend9to10monthsoftheyearatsea.Twiceannually,theanimalshaultheir
Lineenormousbodiesashore.Inthewinter,
5theygatheronbeachesinMexicoandSouthernCaliforniaforbreedinganmating.Whileonland,thesealsfast.Thentheygobacktotheocean.Inthespring,thesealsreturntothesamebeachestomolt,sheddingtheirfurandevensomeskinbefore
10spendingtherestoftheyearintheocean.
Duringtheirtravels,northernelephantsealsmaymigrateasfarasAlaska.Theymakedivesalmosthalfamiledeep,pursingsquid,fish,andotheranimalsunfortunateenoughtobeintheir
15paths.Buttoregainthebodymassthattheylostwhilefastingonland,theyhavetobanktheircalories.Energythattheysavewhileswimmingcanbespentonlongerdives.Energygainedfromastomachfullofsquidcanbeusedtohuntsome
20more.
TaikiAdachi,agraduatestudentinthepolarsciencedepartmentasTokyo’sGraduateUniversityforAdvancedStudies,wantedtolearnhowamigratingseal’sincreasingblubberiness
25affectsitsswimming.Doesafatter,morebuoyantsealneedtospendlessenergyonswimming
anddiving?Andisthisbeneficialoverall?
Heandhiscolleaguesdevelopedanewtypeofaccelerometertofindout.Whenwornbyan
30elephantseal,thedevicecanmonitorcyclicpatternsinspeedandcounteachsurgeforwardasonestrokeoftheflippers.Byalsotrackingdepthandswimmingangle,thedevice
canconstantlymeasuretheseal’srateofstrokes
35perdistancetraveled.Sealsthatmakemorestrokesareworkingharder.
Theresearcherscaptured14female
Miroungaangustirostris andaffixedtheaccelerometerstotheirbacks.Theyalsooutfitted
40eachsealwithradioandGPStransmitters.Half
thesealsweremonitoredduringtheir“short
migration,”thetwomonthsfollowingbreeding.Therestweretrackedduringtheseven-month“longmigration”thatfollowsmolting.
45 Althoughthescientistswerelimitedbythebatterylifeoftheirinstruments,theywereabletocollectdataovertheentireshortmigration,aswellasthefirst140daysorsoofthelong
migration.TheGPStransmittersannouncedwhen
50elephantsealshadreturnedtotheirhome
beaches.There,scientistsusedradiosignalsandplainoldbinocularstopickouttaggedsealsfromtherestofthecolony.Afterremovingtheloggers,theysentsealsbackontheirway.
55 Foranypointintime,thescientistcould
estimateaseal’sfatnessbyseeinghowmuchitdrifteddowninthewaterwhenitwasn’tactivelyswimming.Atthebeginningofeachmigration,thestarvedsealshad“negativebuoyancy.”In
60otherwords,theytendedtosink.Butastheirrovingfishbingeprogressed,thesealsbecamemoreandmorebuoyant.
Astheblubberysealsgainedbuoyancy,swimmingbecameeasier.Theyneededslightly
65moreflipperstrokestomaketheirdeepdives,butmanyfewerstrokestoascend.Thismeantthatoverall,fattersealsusedfewerstrokestocoverthesamedistance.
Thescientistshadpredictedthatsavingenergy
70inswimmingwouldallowthesealstospendmoreenergyelsewhere,andthisseemedtobetrue.Asthesealsgotfatter,theydoubledtheamountoftimetheyspentatthebottomoftheirdives,fromabout10minutesto20.(Thebottom
75ofthediveiswheretheyfindthemostfood.)
Aftertwomonthsatsea,allthesealswerestillnegativelybuoyant,thoughtheirblubberhadnotablyincreasedtheirbuoyancy.Afteraboutfivemonths,whentheloggersstoppedgatheringdata
80forthelongmigration,5outof7sealshadbecome“neutrallybuoyant”--whendriftingintheocean,theydidn’tsinkorrise.
Fattersealscanspendlessenergyswimmingandmoretimeeating,whichgivesthemevenmore
85energy.Sodotheykeepgainingblubberindefinitely?“Yes,Ithinktheygetfattertobecomepositivelybuoyant,”Adachisays.Ifhecouldhavemonitoredthesealsallthewaytotheendoftheirlongmigration,hethinkshewould
90haveseenthemgainsomuchblubberthattheytendedtofloat.Otherresearchhasfoundthatelephantsealsbecomepositivelybuoyant,headds.
Adachithinksthebeststateforelephantseals--
95thebodytypethatkeepsthemswimmingmostefficiently--isneutralbuoyancy.Yetthehungryanimals,gearingupfortheirnextfast,keepeatingbeyondthat.Adachisaysthatwhenelephantsealscometoshoreaftertheirlongmigration,40
100percentoftheirbodymassisfat.Forthem,it’s
theperfectbeachbody.
22
Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto
A)
weighthemeritsofseveralcompetingtheories
aboutbuoyancyinaspeciesofelephantseal.
23
Thefirsttwoparagraphsofthepassage(lines1-20)
servemainlyto
A)
comparethefindingsofpreviousresearchonnorthernelephantsealstothefindingofthe
studyconsideredinthepassage.
B)
presentapopularhypothesisregardingthebehaviorsofnorthernelephantsealsthatwill
bedevelopedthroughoutthepassage.
C)
provideanoverviewofnorthernelephantsealbehaviorthatisrelevanttothestudydiscussed
inthepassage.
D)
introduceanargumentaboutnorthernelephantsealsthatwillbecounteredlaterin
thepassage.
24
Whichstatementaboutthenumberofswimmingstroketakenbynorthernelephantsealsissupported
bypassage?
A)
Agreaternumberofstrokessignifiesagreater
amountofenergyexpended.
B)
Agreaternumberofstrokesignifiesamore
pronouncedswimmingangel.
C)
Alessernumberofstrokessignifiesapotential
fordeeperdivingdepth.
D)
Alessernumberofstrokessignifiesamore
urgentneedfornutritionalsupplementation.
27
Asusedinline67,“cover”mostnearlymeans
A)
spreadout
B)
shelter
C)
dealwith
D)
Travel
28
Whichfinding,ifaccurate,wouldmostclearlyundermineAdachi’sbeliefthatthenorthernelephantsealswouldkeepgainingblubberafterthe
loggersstoppedtrackingtheseals?
A)
Evidencethattheelephantsealsdonotstaynegativelybuoyantafterthefirstmonthinthe
ocean
B)
Confirmationoftheelephantseal’stendencyto
consumeincreasinglygreaterquantitiesoffood
C)
Proofthattheelephantsealsremainneutrallybuoyantjustbeforetheyreturntothebeaches
tobreed
D)
Thediscoverythattheelephantsealsreachtheirhighestbodymassjustbeforetheyreturn
tothebeachestobreed
29
ItcanmostreasonablybeinferredfromthepassagethattheoverallconclusionreachedbyAdachi’steam
mightbechallengedforbeing
A)
somewhattenuous,becausetheteamwasunabletostudytheelephantsealsthroughout
theirentiremigration.
B)
ultimatelyinconclusive,becausetheteamfailedtoexpandthestudytoincludeagreater
numberofelephantsealsfromthegroup.
C)
moderatelyoutdated,becausetheteamusedimpreciseequipmenttomeasurethebuoyancy
oftheelephantseals.
D)
slightlyunfocused,becausetheteamincorporatedextraneousinformationprovided
byotherresearchersintotheirwork.
B)
challengeanestablishedapproachinthestudy
ofbuoyancyinaspeciesofelephantseal.
C)
Discussanovelmeansofevaluatingthe
migratorypatternsofaspeciesofelephantseal.
D)
explorearesearchteam’scontributiontothe
studyofbuoyancyinaspeciesofelephantseal.
B)
Lines63-66(“Asthe...ascend”)
C)
Lines69-72(“Thescientists...true”)
D)
Lines72-75(“Asthe...food”)
31
25
Whatisthemaineffectofthephrase“plainold
binoculars”(line52)?
A)
Itsuggeststhattheobservationsmadewith
suchbinocularsmaybeunreliable.
B)
Itemphasizesthesurprisingusefulnessofa
simpleobservatorytool.
C)
Itreinforcesthatbinocularsareobsoletecomparedtotheradiosignalusedbythe
scientists.
D)
Itestablishesadefinitivecontrastbetweenthe
goalofpastandpresentresearchers.
26
Whichchoiceprovidestheprovidesthebestevidenceofaninverserelationshipbetweentheamountofenergythatelephantsealswithrelativelymorebuoyancyexpendwhilemakingdeepdivesand
theamounttheyexpandswimmingbacktosurface?
A)
Lines58-62(“Atthe...buoyant”)
30
Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidenceforthe
answertopreviousquestion?
A)
Lines83-85(“Fatter...energy”)
B)
Line85-87(“Sodo...says”)
C)
Lines87-91(“Ifhe...float”)
D)
Lines98-100(“Adachi...fat”)
Thecommentinlines91-93(“Others...adds”)
mainlyservesto
A)
promoteotherlinesofresearchrelatedto
Adachi’sstudyofelephantseals.
B)
offeradditionalsupporttoAdachi’shypothesis
abouttheblubberofelephantseals.
C)
criticizealternativeinterpretationsofelephant
sealblubberputforthbyotherresearchers.
D)
portrayelephantsealsasuniquebecauseofthe
meansbywhichtheyincreasetheirblubber.
Questions32-41arebasedonthefollowingpassageandsupplementarymaterial.
Thepassageandaccompanyingfigureareadaptedfrom“FreeExchange”AMeanFeat.”©2016bytheEconomistNewspaperLimited.
“Theonlyfunctionofeconomicforecastingistomakeastrologylookrespectable,”JohnKennethGalbraith,anirreverenteconomist,oncesaid.
LineSinceeconomicoutputrepresentsthe
5aggregatedactivityofbillionofpeople,influencedbyforcesseenandunseen,itisawonderforecastersevergetitright.Yeteconomistscannotresisttrying.Aspredictionsfor2016areunveiled,itisworthassessingthe
10soothsayers’records.
Forecastersusual
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