Unit3笔记人教版八年级上册英语

八年级上学期英语笔记(3)Unit3I’mmoreoutgoingthanmysister.I.重点词汇及其词性转换：1.quiet(adj.)轻声的，安静的→quietly(adv.)轻声地，安静地，轻柔地2.loud(adj.)响亮的，大声的→loudly(adv.)响亮地，大声地，吵闹地3.good(adj.)好的→well(adv.)好，令人满意地→better(比较级)best(最高级）4.bad(adj.)坏/差的→badly(adv.)坏/差地→worse(比较级)worst（最高级）5.clear(adj.)清楚的，清晰的→clearly(adv.)清楚地，清晰地，明白地6.easy(adj.)容易的→easily(adv.)容易地7.true(adj.)真实的，正确的→truly(adv.)真正地→truth(n.)事实8.important(adj.)重要的→importantly(adv.)重要地→importance(n.)重要性9.different(adj.)不同的→differently(adv.)不同地→difference(n.)差别，不同点10.talent(n.)才能，才干，天赋→talented(adj.)有才能的，有才干的11.pete(v.)比赛，竞争，对抗→petition(n.)比赛，竞赛→petitive(adj.)有竞争力的→petitor(n.)参赛者，优胜者12.care(n./v.)关心/在意→careful(adj.)小心的，细心的→carefully(adv.)小心地，谨慎地13.say(v.)说，讲→saying(n.)谚语，格言，警句14.friend(n.)朋友→friendly(adj.)友好的→unfriendly(adj.)不友好的15.help(n./v.)帮助→helpful(adj.)有帮助的→helpless(adj.)无助的II.重点短语与词组：1.careabout关心，在意2.bedifferentfrom…与…不同3.thesameas…与…相同/一致4.aslongas只要，既然5.besimilarto…与…相似6.bringout使表现，使显现出7.infact确切地说，实际上8.asingingpetition歌咏比赛9.primaryschool小学10.betalentedin（doing）sth.在(做)…方面有天赋11.sharesth.withsb.和某人分享某物12.makesb.laugh使某人笑13.laughatsb.嘲笑某人14.belikeamirror像一面镜子15.beseriousabout…对…认真16.takecareof…=lookafter…照顾，照看III.重点句型及知识点：1.BothSamandTomcanplaythedrums.both,all,either,neither,none用法总结=1\*GB3①both作形容词,修饰名词eg:Therearemanytreesonbothsidesofthestreet.both作代词时，常用于“bothof+复数名词”结构中,名词前要加定冠词，指示代词，形物代等，此结构做主语时，谓语动词用复数.eg:Bothofmyparentsliketravelling.Bothofthebrothersaretall.=2\*GB3②neither两者都不eg:Neitherofhisparentshelpedhim.③either两者之一eg:Youcanparkoneithersideofthestreet.④all三者或三者以上都eg:Allmyclassmatesliketheteacher.⑤none三者或三者以上都不eg:Noneoftheanswersareright.注意：若both单独使用时，，实义动词之前,位于be动词、情态动词、助动词之后。拓展：①both...and...，意为“既...又...”,连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。eg.Bothmyteachersandmyparentsarestrictwithme.②neither...nor”“既不...也不...”either...or...“要么...要么...”他们连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的形式要与它最近的主语保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”eg:Neithermyfathernormymotherisateacher.Eitheryouorhewantstogothere.2.Who’smorehardworkingatschool?hardworking形容词，辛勤工作的hardwork名词短语，艰难的工作workhard动词短语，辛勤工作Eg.Thehardworkingboyalwaysdoeshardworkandworkshard.3.Ithinkagoodfriendmakesmelaugh.make的用法：①make为使役动词，意为“使......”,后接省to的不定式作宾语补足语，即makesb.dosth.类似使役动词有let,have等eg:Herjokemademelaugh.②make+宾语+形容词（宾语补足语）eg:Thebadnewsmademesad.③make当实意动词讲时，意味“做，制造”eg:Myfathermadeamodelplaneformeyesterday.拓展：letsb.dosth.使某人做某事eg:Letmehaveatry.havesb.dosth.使某人做某事eg:Hehadhissoncleanthecar.keepsb.doingsth.让某人持续做某事eg:I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.make构成的常用短语有：makefaces做鬼脸makemistakes犯错误makefriendswithsb.和某人交朋友makethebed整理床铺makemoney赚钱makeupone'smindtodosth下定决心做某事makealiving谋生4.Agoodfriendistalentedinmusic.talented是形容词，意为“有才能的；有天赋的”，常用短语betalentedinsth/indoingsth.表达“在......有天赋”；eg:Weallthinkheistalentedinmusic.talent是名词，常用短语haveatalentfor...表达“有......的天赋”，也可以指“才艺”eg:Thewomanhasatalentforcooking.5.Agoodfriendtrulycaresaboutme.care当名词时，短语careabout，关心，介意；carefor，喜欢，想要。当动词时，短语takecare，小心，当心；takecareof=lookafter=lookout=watchout照顾，照料拓：careful(adj.)小心的，细心的→carefully(adv.)小心地，谨慎地反：careless(adj.)粗心的→carelessly(adv.)粗心地eg:Hedoesn’tcareaboutthenews.Wouldyoucareforacupofcoffee?Takecarenottomakemistakes.Lucytakescareofherbrother.=Lucylooksafterherbrother.6.It’snoteasyformetomakefriends.①it’s+adj.+(forsb)todosth形容词多为easy,important,difficult,necessary,possible等。②it’s+adj.+ofsb.todosth形容词多为clever,good,nice,kind等描述人物品质或性格的词。eg:Itisdangerousforchildrentoplaywithfire.eg:Itiskindofyoutohelpmewithmymath.7.youdon’tneedalotofthemaslongasthey’regood.aslongas①只要，引导的条件状语从句时与if引导的条件状语从句用法相同，即遵循“主将从现”的规则.eg:Ifyougetupearly,youwillcatchtheearlybus.Youwillcatchtheearlybus,aslongasyougetupearly.②既然，与because一样都可引导原因状语从句。Aslongasyouaretired,youshouldgotobedearly.Youshouldgotobedearly,becauseyouaretired.8.Larryoftenhelpstobringoutthebestinme.bringout①使表现出，取出bringoutthebest/worstinsb.把某人最好或最坏的一面展现出来。②出版，生产eg:Thefactoryisbringingoutanewkindofproduct.(产品)eg:Heisanexcellentstudent,heoftenbringsoutthebestinus.9.Atruefriendreachesforyourhandandtouchesyourheart.reach①伸手拿...reachforone’shand=givesb.ahand“伸手帮某人一把”reachforsth.“伸手拿某物”eg:Canyoureachformyhand?=Canyougivemeahand?②到达eg:HereachedGuizhoulastnight.拓展：touchone’sheart“打动某人的心，令某人感动”eg:Thisfilmtouchesmyheart.keepintouchwithsb.“和某人保持联系”eg:Pleasekeepintouchwithme.Hebrokehisleftleg.breakv.打破，摔坏brokeeg:Hebrokehisarmyesterday,andnowhe’sinhospital.n.暂停，休息。e.g.Let’stake/haveabreak咱们休息一下相关短语:breakinto强行进入breakoff中断说话breakdown出故障breakout爆发breakup破碎，结束breakintopieces成为碎片11.I’mquieterandmoreseriousthanmostkids. 1).严肃的eg:Mymathteacherisveryseriousinclass.serious(adj.)2).严重的Luckily,thecaraccidentwasnotserious.3).认真的，谨慎的Heisseriousaboutgivingup(放弃)hisjob.seriously(adv.)take....seriously认真对待....eg:Weshouldtakethisproblemseriously.IV、语法总结:一、形容词和副词的比较级构成规则变化：=1\*GB3①一般在词尾加erhighhighershortshorterslowslower=2\*GB3②以字母e结尾的词，在词尾加rfinefinerlatelaternicenicer=3\*GB3③重度闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写辅音字母再加erbigbiggerfatfatter=4\*GB3④以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，变y为i加erheavyheavierhappyhappier=5\*GB3⑤部分双音节或多音节词在词前加morebeautifulmorebeautifulseriousmoreserious不规则变化：good/wellbetterbad/badlyworsemany/muchmorelittlelessfarfarther/furtheroldolder/elder二、形容词和副词的比较级句型结构1.同级比较1).A+be+as+adj.(原级)+as+B反A+be+not+as+adj.(原级)+as+Beg:Mydressisasbeautifulashers.Mydressisn’tasbeautifulashers.2).A+do+as+adv.(原级)+as+B反A+don’t/doesn’t+V.(原)+as+adv.(原级)+as+Beg:Herunsasquicklyasme.Hedoesn’trunasquicklyasme.2.比较级+thanA比B更...1).A+be+adj.(比较级)+thanBeg:Heistallerthanme.2).A+do+adv.(比较级)+thanBeg:Mybrotherrunsmorequicklythanme.3.less+原级（多音节词/部分双音节词）+than前者不如后者eg:LucyislesshardworkingthanLily.4.“比较级+and+比较级”或“moreandmore+adj./adv.(原级)”越来越...(注：其后均不可接than)eg:1.Theweatherishotterandhotter.2.Thegirlismoreandmorebeautiful.3.Herunsfasterandfaster.4.Herunsmoreandmorequickly.5.The+比较级，the+比较级越.....，越.....eg:Theharderyoustudy,thebettergradesyouwillget.Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouare.the+比较级+ofthetwo译为：“两者中更...的一个”eg:Lucyisthetallerofthetwo.Lindaisthemoreoutgoingofthetwins.比较级+thananyother+名词单数=比较级+than+theother+名词复数译为:“...比其他任何...都...”eg:Shesingsbetterthananyotherstudentinherclass.=Shesingsbetterthantheotherstudentsinherclass.Which/Who...+比较级，AorB?译为：A和B，哪一个/谁更...？eg：Whichbookisbetter,thisoneorthatone?Who