高考总复习英语-名词和冠词课件

名词和冠词名词的数table→tablespark→parksbus→busesbox→boxeswish→wisheswatch→watchesfamily→familiesbutterfly→butterfliesdictionary→dictionariesday→daysholiday→holidaysmonkey→monkeysphoto→photosradio→radioszoo→zoospotato→potatoestomato→tomatoeshero→heroesknife→kniveswife→wiveslife→livesleaf→leavesroof→roofsbelief→beliefs(2)有些名词的复数形式不是以加­s或­es构成，它们的不规则变化构成形式如下：man→men

woman→womenfoot→feetmouse→mice

goose→geesetooth→teethox→oxen

child→childrenfish,sheep,deer,means(方式；方法),series,Chinese,Swiss2.不可数名词的数一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，因此没有复数形式，一般也不能用a或an修饰。通常只用作不可数名词的名词有：milk,homework,housework,weather,news,information,

bread,

advice,progress,equipment,meat,fun,luggage,furniture,wealth,

word(消息),room(空间),man(人类)等。1．表示某种特征、状态、情感的抽象概念的不可数名词，可以与不定冠词a(n)连用，表示具体的人或物。主要有：抽象名词具体化a

surprise让人吃惊的人或事a

success成功的人或事a

pride让人骄傲的人或事a

pleasure令人高兴的事a

pity令人遗憾的事a

failure失败的人或事a

relief令人感到宽慰的事a

concern关心的事a

beauty美丽的人或事2.注意某些物质名词可个体化为可数名词，如a

coffee一杯咖啡；two

teas两杯茶；a

paper一篇论文等。考查名词固定搭配在具体语境中的运用。常见的固定搭配：名词的固定搭配have/gain

access

to取得……的使用机会in

great

demand需求量很大take

place发生beyond

recognition认不出来take

advantage

of利用out

of

question毫无疑问make

room

for为……腾出空on间condition

that以……为条件，只要make

contact

with与……取得联系on

the

whole从整体而言，总的来说make

a

compromise妥协in

possession

of拥有catch

sight

of突然看见in

the

distance在远处give

a

solution解决beyond

belief难以置信单句语法填空1．The

little

boy

ate

so

many(potato)andsomuch

meat

that

he

threw

up

atdawn.The

ALS

makes

people’s

muscles

become

hard.

It

is

hardfor

the

patients

to

move.

Stephen

Hocking

is

one

ofthe

sufferers

(suffer).As

we

know,

New

Zealand

is

famous

for

its

beautifulsceneryand

places

(place)

of

interest.potatoes4．While

there

are

amazing

stories

ofinstanttransformation,

for

most

of

us

the

(change)are

gradual

and

require

a

lot

of

effort

and

work,

likecleaning

up

a

polluted

river.5.In

addition

to

their

simple

beauty,

what

makes

theadobedwellings

admirable

is

their (able)

to

“airchangesabilitycondition” a

house

without

using

electric

equipment.6.

It’s

too

early

to

declare

his

efforts

to

bea

success

(successful)．冠词的基本用法1．不定冠词的基本用法用在第一次提到的人或物的名词前，表泛指。

At

that

time,I

was

working

in

a

factory.

Thefactoryproduces

various

car

parts.

那时，我在一家工厂工作。那家工厂生产各种汽车零部件。表示数量“一”或“任何一个”。—What

would

you

like?——你想喝点什么？—I

would

like

a

coffee

and

two

beers.——我想喝一杯咖啡和两瓶啤酒。(3)用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。He

missed

the

gold

medal

in

the

high

jump,

but

he

will

get

asecond

chance

in

the

long

jump.

他在跳高比 中错失了金牌，但是在跳远比 中他还有机会。2．定冠词的基本用法特指前面已提及的人或物，或双方都知道的人或物。

Take

your

time—it’s

just

a

short

distance

from

here

to

therestaurant.不着急——从这里到那家餐馆只有很短的一段距离。用于单数可数名词、形容词或分词前，表“一类人或物”。The

explosion

saw

people

rush

to

help

the

injured.爆炸发生后，人们赶到现场帮助受伤的人。用于序数词和形容词或副词最高级以及形容词only,

very,same等之前。Yang

Liwei

is

the

first

man

who

has

been

into

space

in

China.在中国杨利伟是第一个登上太空的人。用于被限制性修饰语加以限定的人或物前。(2015·重庆高考单项填空)I

just

heard

the

bank

where

Doraworks

was

robbed

by

a

gunman

wearing

a

mask.

我刚听说多拉工作的银行被一个戴面具的持枪人抢劫了。3．零冠词的基本用法用于表示泛指的不可数或复数名词前。Keeping

a

diary

is

a

good

habit,

by

which

you’ll

makegreatprogress.记日记是一个可以让你取得进步的好习惯。用于与by连用的表示交通工具、通讯工具的名词前。

Are

you

going

there

by

plane

or

byship?你是乘飞机还是乘船去那里？用于系动词turn后的单数名词作表语时。After

years

of

hard

work,Tom

turned

engineer

whileMarygood

manager.多年的努力工作之后，汤姆成了工程师而玛丽成了一名优秀的经理。冠词用于固定搭配中1．常用固定结构用于“by＋the＋表示计量单位的名词”结构中，表示“按……计算”。—It’s

said

John

will

be

in

a

job

paying

over

$60,

000

a

year.——据说，约翰将获得一个年薪超过6万美元的工作。—Right,

he

will

also

get

paid

by

theweek.——是的，他的工资将按周支付。用于“the＋比较级．..the＋比较级．..”(越……越……)结构中。The

more

careful

you

are,

the

fewer

mistakes

you

will

make.你越小心，就会越少犯错误。2．冠词用在固定短语中(1)不定冠词用于固定搭配中ataloss

不知所措，困惑all

ofasudden

突然in

ahurry

匆忙asarule

通常be

onavisit

参观；拜访as

amatter

offact

事实上asaresult

因此be

onadiet

节食have

a

gift

for

在某方面有天赋have/catch

a

cold

感冒make

aliving

谋生have/take

a

rest

休息in

away

从某种意义上说give

sb.a

lift

让某人搭便车(2)定冠词用于固定短语中atthe

moment

此刻；目前at

the

same

time

同时not

in

theleast

一点也不onthe

contrary

相反onthe

whole

总的来说to

tell

the

truth

说实话in

the

distance

在远处on

the

other

hand

另一方面tothe

point

中肯；切题make

the

most/best

of

充分利用by

the

way

顺便说一下gotothe

cinema/theater

去看电影/戏剧in

the

middle

of

在……中间in

the

family

way

怀孕(3)零冠词用于固定短语中onpurpose

故意地bychance

碰巧catch/onfire

着火atdawn/dusk

在黎明/黄昏outofdate

过时by

sea

乘船Ⅰ单句语法填空The

adobe

dwellings(土坯房)

built

by

the

Pueblo

Indiansof

the

American

Southwest

are

admired

byeven

the

most

modern

of

architects

andengineers.We

can

broaden

our

horizons

and

know

more

about

theworld

by

watching latest

news

andreports.the3．(2016·南昌二模)Lionel

Messi, player

fromthe

South

American

country

of

Argentina,

is

the

greatestsoccer

player

alive

today.4．(2016·河南普通毕业班适应性练习)English

isnow international

language.

It

is

used

in

manyaspects.5．The

experiment

turned

out

to

be

completefailure, which

wasn’t

what

theywanted.6．(2016·河南罗山高中二模)I

said,“You

tell

yoursweetnephew

that

there

are

still

nice

people

left

who

want

to

givethem hand

in

this

world.