江苏省常州市高三上学期期中检测英语试题

常州市教育学会学业水平监测高三英语试题注意：本试卷分四个部分，答案全部做在答题纸上。总分为150分。考试时间120分钟。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthemovie?A.Exciting.B.Boring.C.Justsoso.2.Whenwillthemangettothewoman'sparty?A.Atabout6:30.B.Atabout7:00.C.Atabout7:30.3.Whereisthewomanorderingherfood?A.Onherphone.B.Fromhercar.C.Frominsidetherestaurant.4.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Shedoesn'tlikethehorse.B.Brian'schoiceisinvain.C.Amanshouldearnmuchmoney.5.Whatdoesthemanreallyneed?A.Awaytostorehispasswords.B.Anapptobuyalaptop.C.Anewusernametouseonline.第二节(共15小题；每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中透出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whowillpayforthelunch?A.Theman.B.Thewoman.C.Theman'sboss.7.Howwillthespeakersgoforthelunch?A.Bycar.B.Onfoot.C.Bytaxi.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatwillthemandothismorning?A.Eatacake.B.Buyapresent.C.Lectureinclass.9.Whatdoesthemanthinkofspeakinginpublicforhim?le.B.Fearful.C.Fair.10.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Domorepreparation.B.Havemoreconfidence.C.Makenoplaint.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Howdidthewomanknowthewantedjobposition?A.Byreadinganewspaperad.B.Bycallinganemploymentservice.C.Bylisteningtotheradionews.12.Whydidthewomanfindthejobappealing?AShecouldimproveherforeignlanguage.B.Thejobsuitedherverywell.C.Herfamilywantedhertoreturnhometowork.13.Whatwasthewomanaskedtodointheend?A.Toprepareforaninterviewinacoupleofdays.B.Toreadtheadvertisementagainformoredetails.C.Tosendinawrittenapplicationassoonaspossible.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Whydidthewomanetotheman'soffice?A.Toaskforhissignature.B.Toaskforhisadvice.C.Toseekhissupport.15.Whatcoursesdoesthewomanthinkeasytolearn?A.Chemistryandcalculus(微积分)B.Economicsandmusic.C.AmericannovelsandRomanticpoetry.16.Whydidthemanaskthewomantoseehimafterthefirstweekofclasses?A.Tobesuresheisingoodhealth.B.Toexaminewhatshehaslearned.C.Tomakesurethecoursesaren'theavyforher.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Howhassocialmediachangedourlife?A.PeoplearemoreconfusedthaneverB.Peoplearemoreconnectedthanbefore.C.Peoplearenotashappyastheyusedtobe.18.Whymightsocialmediabeanaffectivetoolforsmallpanies?A.Itencouragessocialdiscussions.B.Itchangesthewaywegetournews.C.Itprovidesacheapwaytoadvertise.19.Whatisoneofthenegativeaspectsofsocialmedia?A.Nohonesttalksbetweenpeople.B.Spreadingincorrectinformation.C.Thedamagetopeople'sputers.20.Whatisthespeaker'sattitudetowardssocialmedia?A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Objective.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题分，满分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ADillion,Wouldyouliketodeepenyourunderstandingofdiversity,equality,andinclusion(DEI)asitrelatestothefieldofEnglishlanguageteaching?You'reinvitedtojoinonlineconversationsonthesetopicsaspartofanewreadingclubintheDiversity,Equality,andInclusionmunity,accessiblethroughmyTESOL.Eachweektherewillbeanewarticleusedasabasisforthediscussion.InWeek1,August915,wewilldiscuss"BlackTeachersofEnglishinSouthKorea:ConstructingIdentitiesasaNativeEnglishSpeakerandEnglishLanguageTeachingProfessional"withauthorQuanishaD.Charles.Throughouttheweek,theauthorwillpostquestionsfordiscussionforparticipantstodiscusswithinthediscussiongroup.InWeek2,August1622,wewilldiscuss"OnIssuesofDiscriminationandPrejudice:WhatCanTESOLPractitionersDotoSupportandAdvocateforRefugeeStudents?"withauthorChatwaraSuwanamaiDuran.Suwanamaiwillposttheinitialquestion(s)fordiscussionandwilltakepartinthediscussion.Welookforwardtohavingmanymeaningfulandthoughtfulexchangeswithyou.1.Thispieceofinformationissentby___.A.DEI B.TESOLInternationalAssociationC.QuanishaD.Charles D.ChatwaraSuwannamaiDuran2.Whatisthisemailaimedat?A.AskingDilliontolearnhowtoteachEnglish.B.AskingDilliontobeeaTESOLPractitioner.C.InvitingDilliontotakepartinonlinediscussions.D.InvitingDilliontoexchangethoughtsaboutmyTESOL.3.WhatwillbetalkedaboutwithSuwannamai?A.BeingaTESOLpractitioner.B.IdentitiesasanEnglishteacher.C.Helpingrefugeestudents.D.DiscriminationinSouthKorea.【答案】1.B2.C3.C【解析】这是一篇应用文。这是一篇邀请Dillion参与DEI社区线上讨论的电邮，文章主要介绍了DEI社区的线上讨论安排、内容和加入方式等。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Toparticiple,”“加入myTESOL在线社区，即可参与。更多详情请访问TESOL国际协会网站，网址”可知，这条信息是由TESOL国际协会发送的。故选B项。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Wouldyouliketodeepenyourunderstandingofdiversity,equality,andinclusion(DEI)…”“你想加深对多元化、平等和包容（DEI）的理解吗？”以及“You'reinvitedtojoinonlineconversationsonthesetopicsaspartofanewreadingclubintheDiversity,Equality,andInclusionmunity,accessiblethroughmyTESOL.

”“我们邀请您加入EDI社区里的新阅读俱乐部的部分主题的在线对话，可通过myTESOL进行访问。”可知，这封邮件的目的是邀请Dillion参加在线讨论。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“wewilldiscuss‘OnIssuesofDiscriminationandPrejudice:WhatCanTESOLPractitionersDotoSupportandAdvocateforRefugeeStudents?’withauthorChatwaraSuwanamaiDuran.”“我们将与作家ChatwaraSuwanamaiDuran讨论‘关于歧视和偏见的问题：TESOL从业者可以做些什么来支持和倡导难民学生？’”可知，会和Suwanamai谈论关于帮助难民学生之事。故选C项。BBornintoapoorfamily,LinBustudiedhardandgrewuptobealearnedscholar.HehadtravelledextensivelyacrossChinabeforelivingthecarefreelifeofahermit(隐士).Hewasagoodpoetand.writerbutheneverkeptanyofhiswritings,tearingthemuprightafterpenningthem.“Whywon'tyoukeepthemforlatergenerations?”peopleasked.“I’maforesthermit”hesaid.“IfIseeknopraisenow,whyshouldposthumous(死后的)famemattertome?”ThemostextraordinarythingaboutLinBuwashisPlumBlossomWifeandCraneSon,meaningthathehadaplumblossom(梅花)ashiswifeandacraneashisson.Thisfascinationpuzzledhisfriends.“Whyplumblossoms,ofallflowers?”theyasked.“Plumblossomsaloneflowerduringthecoldestofdays,unbendingtothefreezingfallingsnow.Itisthecharacterofthese'GentlemenoftheFlowers'thatattractslearnedgentlemen,aswellashermitslikemyself.”hereplied.AfterLinBudied,theFlyingCranePavilion(亭子)wasbuiltinhismemory.Peoplewouldetoadmirethehundredsofplumtrees,appreciatingtheformandcharacterofLinBu'sbeloved‘wife'and'son'.Oneday,twoscholarshadadiscussion.“Isn'titashamethatapetentpersonjustifyinghisofficialrankssettleforahermit'slifeinthedepthsofthemountains?”oneasked.“What'ssobadaboutfameandfortunethattheyhaveescapedit?”“It'struethatallpeoplewishforfameandfortune,buttheymustsufferagreatdealtoobtainthem.Thedarkestsideofhumannatureisalmostalwaysrevealedinthesestrugglesforfameandfortune.”“That'swhyahermitwouldfleefromallworldlycares,maintaininghisnoblecharacter,justastheplumblossomsquietlyflowerinthedepthsofwinter!”Theirdiscussionended,butthetworemainedinthepavilionforalongtime.4.WhydidLinBudestroyhisownwritings?A.Becausehetraveledalotasalearnedscholar. B.Becausehewasnotsatisfiedwiththeirquality.C.Becausehecarednothingaboutfameandfortune. D.Becausehedidn'tcareaboutlatergenerations.5.WhatisspecialaboutplumblossomsinLinBu'seyes?A.Theysymbolizebeautyandpeace. B.Theysymbolizebraveryandindependence.C.Theysymbolizehappinessandlonglife. D.Theysymbolizepurityandgoodluck.6.Whatdoesthelastsentenceofthisarticleindicate?A.ThedebateonLinBu'schoicewouldlastforalongtime.B.Thetwoscholarswouldmaintaintheirnoblecharacterslong.C.TheFlyingCranePavilionwouldattractmoreChinesescholars.D.LinBu'sstorywouldhavealastinginfluenceonChinesescholars.7.Whatcanwemainlylearnfromthisarticle?A.ChineseculturevaluedlivinginharmonywithNature.B.NatureplayedanimportantroleinChinesescholars'dailylife.C.HermitsinChinagenerallyparedthemselvestoplumblossoms.D.MaterialsuccessmeantnothingtoscholarswithanoblecharacterinChina.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过林逋与他人的对话和对梅花的态度表现了他的淡泊名利，这种品质也被中国历代文人传承，产生了深远影响。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“‘I’maforesthermit’hesaid.‘IfIseeknopraisenow,whyshouldposthumous(死后的)famemattertome?’(“我是隐士。”他说。“我现在都在山林深谷中隐居，不想成名，何必要惦记着后世名扬天下呢？”)”可知，林逋毁掉自己的作品是因为他对名利毫不在乎。故选C。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“‘Plumblossomsaloneflowerduringthecoldestofdays,unbendingtothefreezingfallingsnow.Itisthecharacterofthese'GentlemenoftheFlowers'thatattractslearnedgentlemen,aswellashermitslikemyself.’hereplied.(他回答说：“梅花在最冷的日子里独自绽放，不惧严寒的落雪。正是这些‘花中之君子’的特质吸引了有学问的绅士和像我这样的隐士。”)”可知，在林逋眼中，梅花特别之处在于它们象征勇敢和独立。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段“AfterLinBudied,theFlyingCranePavilion(亭子)wasbuiltinhismemory.Peoplewouldetoadmirethehundredsofplumtrees,appreciatingtheformandcharacterofLinBu'sbeloved‘wife'and'son'.(林逋死后，人们为纪念他而建飞鹤亭。亭子里有几百棵梅树，人们都会来欣赏，欣赏林逋的‘妻’和‘子’的形态和性格)”以及最后一段中“That'swhyahermitwouldfleefromallworldlycares,maintaininghisnoblecharacter,justastheplumblossomsquietlyflowerinthedepthsofwinter!(所以隐士才会远离尘嚣，保持自己高贵的品性，正如梅花在隆冬里静静地开放一样！)”可推知，飞鹤亭是为了纪念林逋而建，所以飞鹤亭传承了林逋的精神，说明林逋的故事对中国文人有很深远持久的影响。故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“That'swhyahermitwouldfleefromallworldlycares,maintaininghisnoblecharacter,justastheplumblossomsquietlyflowerinthedepthsofwinter!(所以隐士才会远离尘嚣，保持自己高贵的品性，正如梅花在隆冬里静静地开放一样！)”结合文章通过林逋与他人的对话和对梅花的态度表现了他的淡泊名利，这种品质也被中国历代文人传承，产生了深远影响。可知，我们可以从这篇文章中主要能学到：在中国，物质上的成功对于具有高尚品格的学者来说并不意味着什么。故选D。CThediscoverythattheuniverseisexpandingwasoneofthegreatintellectualrevolutionsofthetwentiethcentury.Withhindsight(回过头看)，itiseasytowonderwhynoonehadthoughtofitbefore.Newton,andothers,shouldhaverealizedthatastatic(静止的)universewouldsoonstarttoshrinkundertheinfluenceofgravity.Butsupposeinsteadtheuniverseisexpanding.Ifitwasexpandingfairlyslowly,theforceofgravitywouldcauseiteventuallytostopexpandingandtostartshrinking.However,ifitwasexpandingatmorethanacertaincriticalrate,gravitywouldneverbestrongenoughtostopit,andtheuniversewouldcontinuetoexpandforever.Thisisabitlikewhathappenswhenonefiresarocketupwardfromthesurfaceoftheearth.Ifithasafairlylowspeedgravitywilleventuallystoptherocketanditwillstartfallingback.Ontheotherhand,iftherockethasmorethanacertaincriticalspeed,gravitywillnotbestrongenoughtopullitback,soitwillkeepgoingawayfromtheearthforever.ThisbehavioroftheuniversecouldhavebeenpredictedfromNewton'stheoryofgravityatanytimeinthenineteenth,theeighteenth,oreventhelateseventeenthcenturies.Yetsostrongwasthebeliefinastaticuniversethatitpersistedintotheearlytwentiethcentury.EvenEinstein,whenheformulated(构想)thegeneraltheoryofrelativityin1915,wassosurethattheuniversehadtobestaticthathemodifiedhistheorytomakethispossible,introducingasocalledcosmologicalconstant(宇宙常数)intohisequations.WhenHubble'sstudyofnearbygalaxiesshowedthattheuniversewasinfactexpanding,Einsteinregrettedmodifyinghiseleganttheoryandviewedthecosmologicalconstanttermashis"greatestmistake".8.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.thediscoveryoftheexpandinguniversetheoryB.thedifferencesbetweentwouniversetheoriesC.scientists'unwillingnesstoabandonawidelyacceptedtheoryD.scientists'doubtsaboutthetheorythattheuniverseisexpanding9.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredabouttheexpandinguniverse?A.Itdidnotagreewithatheorywidelyacceptedinthenineteenthcentury.B.Mostscientistsnowadaysbelievethattheideaisnolongeracceptable.C.Theexistenceofgravitymakesitimpossiblefortheuniversetoexpand.D.Einsteindiscovereditwhenworkingwiththegeneraltheoryofrelativity.10.TheauthormentionsNewtoninordertoA.showrespectforhisgreatscientificworkofgravityB.provideevidencethattheuniverseisnotexpandingC.giveoneexampleofasupporteroftheexpandinguniversetheoryD.showthattheexpandinguniversetheorymighthavebeendiscoveredearlier11.Whatcanweknowfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Theauthormentionsarockettoprovethetheoryofastaticuniverse.B.Theforcedrivingtheuniversetoexpandissimilartothatdrivingtherocketsupward.C.Einsteinusedtheterm"cosmologicalconstant"tochallengeNewton'sgravitytheory.D.Einstein'smistakeisusedtoshowtheauthor'sdoubtwhethertheuniverseisexpanding.【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。讲述了宇宙膨胀理论的重大历史意义，并对其进行了简明扼要的解释。同时，本文也对曾经一直坚持恒稳态宇宙论的科学家们表示了惋惜，科学家不愿意放弃一个被广泛接受的理论。【详解】1.主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后一句“WhenHubble'sstudyofnearbygalaxiesshowedthattheuniversewasinfactexpanding,Einsteinregrettedmodifyinghiseleganttheoryandviewedthecosmologicalconstanttermashis'greatestmistake'.”（当哈勃对附近星系的研究表明宇宙世界上是在膨胀中的时候，爱因斯坦遗憾地修改了他优雅的理论并认为宇宙常数是他最伟大的错误）可知，文中不断强调宇宙膨胀理论本可以更早被发现，但只是因为旧有的观念太牢固，人们不愿意接受新的观念而导致了这一发现的延后。爱因斯坦在最后也不情愿地放弃了既有理论。所以短文主要是关于科学家不愿意放弃一个被广泛接受的理论。故选C。2.推理判断题。根据第一段“Thediscoverythattheuniverseisexpandingwasoneofthegreatintellectualrevolutionsofthetwentiethcentury.Withhindsight(回过头看)，itiseasytowonderwhynoonehadthoughtofitbefore.Newton,andothers,shouldhaverealizedthatastatic(静止的)universewouldsoonstarttoshrinkundertheinfluenceofgravity.Butsupposeinsteadtheuniverseisexpanding”（宇宙正在膨胀的发现是二十世纪最伟大的智力革命之一。事后看来，人们很容易想知道为什么以前没有人想到过这一点。牛顿和其他人应该意识到，在引力的影响下，静止的宇宙很快就会开始收缩。但是假设宇宙正在膨胀），由此判断出，宇宙膨胀理论与十九世纪广泛认可的理论不同。故选A。3.细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“ThisbehavioroftheuniversecouldhavebeenpredictedfromNewton'stheoryofgravityatanytimeinthenineteenth,theeighteenth,oreventhelateseventeenthcenturies.”（这种宇宙行为本来能够在十九世纪、十八世纪、甚至十七世纪晚期就能从牛顿的重力理论里被预测。）可知，牛顿本来可以在早些世纪中发现这一理论。故选D。4.细节理解题。根据倒第二段第一句“Thisisabitlikewhathappenswhenonefiresarocketupwardfromthesurfaceoftheearth.”（这有点像一个人从地面点燃了火箭一样）可知，推动宇宙膨胀的力量与推动火箭向上的力量相似。故选B。DLordRobertWinstonwassittingonatrain,whenhefoundhimselfbeingsteadilyangry.Winstonisnormallyafairlyamiableman.Whatwasdrivinghimslowlyinsanewastheparticularbehaviorofanotherpassenger.Ignoringthechildwithher,thewomanhadpickedupherphoneandbegunwhatwouldbeeaveryloudconversationfilledwithboringfacts.Winstondidtrytoignoreit,butthereissomethingfundamentallyunignorableaboutaloud,onesidedconversation.ItwasthenthatLordWinstonmadeamistake.Hebegantotweet(网上发aboutthewoman.Hetookphotosofherandsentthemouttohismorethan40,000followers.Whenthetrainhadfinallyarrivedatitsdestination,Winstonquicklyranoff.Hehadhadenoughofwhathedescribedasher"rudeness."Butthewomanfacedanunusualsurprise.ThepresshadpickeduponWinston'stweets.Theywerewaitingforherontheplatform.WhentheyexcitedlyshowedherWinston'smessages,thewoman'sfacefell,ShealsosuddenlyfoundherselfusingjustonewordtodescribeWinston'sactions:"rude".Wefindourselveslivingatatimeofincrediblerudeness.Socialmediahastaughttheworldthatitneedstohaveanopinion,oneverything,atalltimes.Realitytelevisionhastaughtustocelebratemeanness(不友好)，solongasthatmeannessisdeliveredas“honesty.”Sowhatcanwedoabouttherisingtideofrudeness?Winstonshoneaspotlightonthatwoman'sbehaviors,buthedidnotconfrontit,andhedidnotstopit.Instead,thatspotlightwasshoneweaklyfromafar,shamingherbytakinganalmostrudimentary(原始的)formofrevengeOften,thetricktohandlingrudenessisfarmoreelegant,andcanbedonewiththegentledeliveryofasentenceassimpleas“juststop."Whenweseeithappeninastore,wemuststepupandsay,"Juststop."Ifithappenstoacolleague,wemustpointtoutBecauseoncearudept12)shadthelookingglasshelduptothemandcanseetheiractionsthroughtheeyesofothers,theyarefarmorelikelytoendthatbehaviorthemselves.12.What'sthebesttitleofthisarticle?A.BeforeYouAreRude B.WhenSomeoneIsRudeC.IfTheyCanEndIt D.UnlessYouCanStopRudeness13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"amiable"mostprobablymean?A.selflessB.cooperativeC.mildmanneredD.openminded14.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragreewith?A.Thewomanshouldn'thaveignoredWinston'sangeroverherbehavior.B.Winstonisactuallyasrudeasthewomanwithhisbehavior.C.Beingrudeiswidelyacceptedasbeinghonestinthesociety.D.Winstonshouldhavepointedoutthewoman'srudenesstoherface.15.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Toargueagainstapointofview.B.Tointroduceasocialphenomenon.C.Tooffersolutionstoasocialproblem.D.Toexpressconcernsoverasocialproblem.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.C【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述Winston先生采取拍照上传网络的方式对一位妇女显得无力粗鲁的行为进行报复与回击，但也使这位妇女受到了许多伤害的故事。论述了当下人们越来越多的无礼、粗鲁，并用粗鲁回击粗鲁的现象。【12题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是最后一段“Becauseoncearudepersonhashadthelookingglasshelduptothemandcanseetheiractionsthroughtheeyesofothers,theyarefarmorelikelytoendthatbehaviorthemselves.(因为一旦一个粗鲁的人把镜子举在自己面前，可以通过他人的眼睛看到他们的行为，他们就更有可能结束自己的行为。)”可知，作者讲述了人们在面对别人做出无礼行为时应该做出的反应与态度。所以“WhenSomeoneIsRude(当有人粗鲁的时候)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。【13题详解】词义猜测题。结合上下文可知，此处描写的应该是Winston先生平日里通常的行为做法，与现在应形成对比反差。根据“LordRobertWinstonwassittingonatrain,whenhefoundhimselfbeingsteadilyangry.”可知，而现在的Winston先生处于“持续生气”的状态中，说明其平日里是行为十分温和的人。所以amiable为“温和的”之意。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Instead,thatspotlightwasshoneweaklyfromafar,shamingherbytakinganalmostrudimentary(原始的)formofrevengeOften,thetricktohandlingrudenessisfarmoreelegant,andcanbedonewiththegentledeliveryofasentenceassimpleas“juststop."”可知，相反，Winston把那个女人的行为暴露在聚光灯之下，这几乎是用一种最原始的报复方式来羞辱她，对付粗鲁的技巧要优雅得多，只需轻轻地说出一句简单的话“不要这样做”，由此可知，作者认为Winston应当面指出那个妇女的错误，故选D。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Becauseoncearudepersonhashadthelookingglasshelduptothemandcanseetheiractionsthroughtheeyesofothers,theyarefarmorelikelytoendthatbehaviorthemselves.(因为一旦一个粗鲁的人把镜子举在自己面前，可以通过他人的眼睛看到他们的行为，他们就更有可能结束自己的行为。)”可知，作者在文末强烈传达了自己的观点，以及对于上文提及的社会现象，作者认为的解决方案，即不要用无礼回击无礼，而应该先及时制止。即文章的目的是为社会问题提供解决方案。A与文意不符，B、D项概括不够全面。故选C。第二节(共5小题；每小题分，满分分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多于选项。LookinwardforbettercareeradviceSometimesweturntoothersforadviceonmajorcareerdecisions.___16___WarrenBuffet’sfatherdiscouragedhimfromenteringthesecurities(证券)business.WaltDisney’sbrotherandwifebothtriedtotalkhimoutofmakingSnowWhite.Whydoessomuchcareeradviceendupbeingmisguided?___17___Weoftenlistentothewrongsources.I’vewatchedmanystudentsrelyontheirparentsandgrandparentsforguidance,forgettingthattheywereraisedinanareawhenitwasmontospendanentirecareerinoneorganization.Whataboutgoingtopeoplewhoarequalifiedtogiveadvice?___18___Advisersoftenfocustooheavilyontheirpersonalpreferencesandexperiencesratherthantakeourperspective(视角)。Atsomepoint,youhaveprobablynoticedthatyou’rewiserwhengivingadvicetoothersthanyouareinmakingdecisionsforyourself.You’renotalone.Itoftenhappensbecausewehavemoredistancefromotherpeople’sproblemsthanourown.___19___Sureenough,psychologistsfindthatourreasoningbeeswiserwhenwethinkaboutourownproblemsfromathirdpersonperspective.Advisingothersdoesn’tjusthelpusmakebetterdecisions,butitalsoleavesusmoremotivatedtofollowthrough.Inoneexperiment,itwasexpectedpeopleweremoremotivatedwhenreceivingthangivingadvice.___20___Itwaspeoplewhogaveadvicewhobecamemoremotivated.Ifyouwanttogetbettercareeradvice,youcanstartbyreflectingonwhatyouwouldtellsomeoneelsewithasimilarquestion.Listentotheadviceyougivetoothers.It’susuallytheadviceyouneedtotakeyourself.Anditmightbethebestwaytomotivateyourself,too.A.However,sometimeswemakedecisionsdependingonourselves.B.Buttheoppositewastrue.C.Buttheymaydirectusinthewrongdirection.D.It’snoguaranteethattheywillknowwhat’srightforus.E.Butitwaseasiersaidthandone.F.Theproblemmaystartwithwhoweapproachforadvice.G.Thelessonhereisthatoneofthemosteffectivewaystogetbetteradviceistogiveit.【答案】16.C17.F18.D19.G20.B【解析】本文是说明文。文章阐述了我们在征求别人意见的利与弊和背后的原因，以及我们很有可能擅长于给他人建议而不是给自己提建议。【16题详解】下文“WarrenBuffet’sfatherdiscouragedhimfromenteringthesecuritiesbusiness.WaltDisney’sbrotherandwifebothtriedtotalkhimoutofmakingSnowWnite.(沃伦·巴菲特父亲阻止他进入证券市场生意。沃尔特迪斯尼的哥哥和妻子都试图说服他不要创造白雪公主)”与第二段“Whydoessomuchcareeradviceendupbeingmisguided?(为什么这么多的职业建议最终都被误导了?)”可知，作者举例说明，巴菲特和沃尔特迪斯尼做重大决定前，曾经向他们的亲人寻求建议，接着又谈到了，很多职业建议最终被误导了，作者在该空要阐述的是：别人的建议不一定是正确的，他们可能会把我们引向错误的方向。因此，C项“Buttheymaydirectusinthewrongdirection.(但他们可能会把我们引向错误的方向)”承上启下，选项中的“they”与上文中的others相呼应，故选C项。【17题详解】下文“Weoftenlistentothewrongsources.I’vewatchedmanystudentsrelyontheirparentsandgrandparentsforguidance,forgettingthattheywereraisedinanareawhenitwasmontospendanentirecareerinoneorganization.(我们经常听错误的消息来源。我看到很多学生依赖父母和祖父母的指导，却忘记了他们是在一个地方长大，那时候他们的整个职业生涯都是在一个组织里度过是很常见的)”可知，很多学生愿意依赖于依赖父母和祖父母的建议指导，但是，却忽略了自己与这些长辈们的成长环境不同，他们给的建议不一定对自己是适用的，很多职业建议被误导源于向谁寻求建议。因此，F项“Theproblemmaystartwithwhoweapproachforadvice.(问题可能从我们向谁寻求建议开始)”承上启下，选项中的who与下文的parents与grandparents形成呼应，故选F项。【18题详解】下文“Advisersoftenfocustooheavilyontheirpersonalpreferencesandexperiencesratherthantakeourperspective”可知，职业顾问往往过于注重个人偏好和经验，而不是从我们的角度出发，因此，职业顾问的建议也有可能造成误导，他们的建议不一定适合我们。因此，D选项“It’snoguaranteethattheywillknowwhat’srightforus.(不能保证他们所知道的适合我们)”承上启下，选项中的“noguarantee”与下文“ratherthanourperspectives”想呼应。故选D项。【19题详解】根据上一句“Atsomepoint,youhaveprobablynoticedthatyou’rewiserwhengivingadvicetoothersthanyouareinmakingdecisionsforyourself.(在某种程度上，你可能已经注意到，给别人建议比自己做决定更明智)”与下一句“Sureenough,psychologistsfindthatourreasoningbeeswiserwhenwethinkaboutourownproblemsfromathirdpersonperspective.(果然，心理学家发现，当我们从第三者的角度思考自己的问题时，我们的推理会变得更加明智)”可知，人们处在第三者的角度，给别人建议时，推理会变得更加明智。因此，给出建议与别人讨论，站在第三者的角度来考虑自己的建议，是获得更好建议的最有效方法。G选项“Thelessonhereisthatoneofthemosteffectivewaystogetbetteradviceistogiveit.(这里的经验是，获得更好建议的最有效方法之一就是给出建议)”切题。选项中的“get”与上文“giving”想呼应。故选G项。【20题详解】上一句“Inoneexperiment,itwasexpectedpeopleweremoremotivatedwhenreceivingthangivingadvice.(在人们的经验中，人们在接受建议时比给出建议时更有动力)”与下一句“Itwaspeoplewhogaveadvicewhobecamemoremotivated.(提供建议的人变得更有动力)”可知，前后两句句意转折，因此，B项“Buttheoppositewastrue.(但是，但事实恰恰相反)”承上启下，说明事实上并非接受建议的人更有动力，相反是提供建议的人变得更有动力。故选B项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Assoonasthewordsleftmymouth,IknewI'dmadeamistake.“YouthinkJaneAustenis...___21___?”themanoppositemeaskedindisbelief.Then,heandhiscolleaguetookturnsto___22___myclaim.“Ijustmean…”Isaidinabrightvoice,inordertokeepthetone___23___,“thatshe'snotasbitingasVirginiaWoolf.”Thetwoprofessors,likeacoupleofcatstoyingwitha___24___bird,gavespecificexamplesofhowAusten'sworkwas,___25___,morebiting.Withnomoreactiontotake,Isimplysmiledandsaid,“Let'sjustagreetodisagree,shallwe?”Andatthatmoment,mydreamsofgoingtoOxfordUniversityPartofmyproblemwasa___27___ofconfidence.EventhoughIwasastraightAstudentandhadpreparedfortheinterviewtothebestofmyability,Iwasn'taskilled___28___.WhenfacedwithtwoexpertswhotoldmethatIwaswrong,insteadof___29___myself,Irolledoverandaccepted____30____.So,monthslater,Ialreadyknewthe____31____ofmythinenvelopewhenitappearedonmydoormat.____32____,Ifeltapangofdisappointment.However,failingmyOxfordinterviewprovideda____33____lifelesson.I'mnowmoreconfidentofmyopinions,andItryto____34____mypointswithhardevidence.What'smore,Ihaveneversince____35____adiscussionbygivingasimperingsmileandsaying,“Let'sjustagreetodisagree,shallwe?”21.A.noble B.soft C.beautiful D.clumsy22.A.appreciate B.submit C.challenge D.substitute23.A.pleasing B.serious C.low D.light24.A.frightened B.brave C.fragile D.naughty25.A.onthecontrary B.bynomeans C.forexample D.beyondexpectation26.A.developed B.arrived C.disappeared D.shifted27.A.matter B.lack. C.sense D.kind28.A.debater B.learner C.fighter D.educator29.A.expressing B.behaving C.defending D.identifying30.A.truth B.advice C.prejudice D.defeat31.A.details B.spirits C.contents D.statistics32A.Frequently B.Originally C.Absolutely D.Naturally33.A.typical B.valuable C.miserable D.temporary34.A.makeup B.takeup C.pickup D.backup35.A.ended B.mended C.attended D.extended【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.A25.A26.C27.B28.A29.C30.D31.C32.D33.B34.D35.A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了作者去剑桥大学面试时自己的观点受到质疑，但当时自己缺乏自信，所以没有进行辩论，并没能被录取。但是从此以后，作者吸取教训，变得更加自信。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我对面的男人怀疑地问：“你认为JaneAusten柔和？”。A.noble高尚的；B.soft软弱的，柔和的；C.beautiful美丽的；D.clumsy笨拙的。后文提到作者觉得自己说错话了，且第二段中提到“notasbiting(尖锐)as”可知此处作者说的是简奥斯丁的写作风格柔和。故选B。22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他和他的同事轮流对我的说法提出质疑。A.appreciate欣赏；B.submit服从；C.challenge挑战；D.substitute代替。上文提到作者知道自己说错话了，对面的男人也表达出了他的难以置信，可知，这里是他们轮番挑战作者的言论并和作者辩论，因此选challenge。故选C。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我的意思是……”为了保持轻松的语气，我用一种轻快的声音说：“她不像VirginiaWoolf那样尖酸刻薄。”A.pleasing令人愉快的；B.serious严肃的；C.low低的；D.light轻的。根据前面用的是“Ijustmean”，而且作者也知道说错了，因此是作者因心虚而想使语调听起来轻松，照应前面的brightvoice，因此是light。low只是音量低，不合语境。故选D。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反地，这两位教授就像两只猫在玩弄一只受惊的鸟，举了具体的例子来说明奥斯丁的作品是如何尖刻。A.frightened受惊的，害怕的；B.brave勇敢的；C.fragile脆弱的；D.naughty淘气的。根据下文作者没有再说什么来辩解，下一段也描述了自己的不自信，而且这里toywith表示“玩弄”，可知，这里是将牛津的教授比作猫，而作者像一只受惊的（frightened）小鸟。故选A。【25题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：相反地，这两位教授就像两只猫在玩弄一只受惊的鸟，举了具体的例子来说明奥斯丁的作品是如何尖刻。A.onthecontrary正相反；B.bynomeans决不；C.forexample例如；D.beyondexpectation出乎意料。根据作者前面说觉得Austen不如VirginiaWoolf尖锐可知，相反，教授们向作者举例证明Austen更尖