高中英语2024届高考语法复习名词性从句知识讲解

高考英语语法复习名词性从句知识讲解一、与定语从句区别它们的性质不同，一个是名词，而另一个是形容词性。名词性从句是独立的，而定语从句必须要依附先行词（相当于寄身虫）。有时名词性从句可以转换成定语从句（必须加先行词）。比如：Whathesaid=Thethingsthathesaid二、构成构成一个名词性从句就像是对一个陈述句进行特殊疑问句的提问，只不过不颠倒语序，如：Hesaidsomething.Whathesaid（名词性从句）Whatdidhesay?（特殊疑问句）三、分类（-）根据从句在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种。（二）根据引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：.连接词：that,whether,if（不充当从句的任何成分）.连接代词：who,what,which,whose,whoever,whichever,whomever,whatever.连接副词：where,when,why,how（howmuch,howlong***）,wherever,whenever,however.主语从句【例句】Thatpriceswillgoupiscertain.=Itiscertainthatpriceswillgoup.Howyoutravelmeansthedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure.Whetherwegobytrainorbyboatmakesnodifference.Whowillwritethepoemhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whatsurprisedusisthathelostinthegame.Whatheleftuswasalargesumofmoney.Whenhewillbebackdependsontheweather.Wherewelivedoesn'tmatter.Howthepyramidswerebuiltwasstillamystery.Wateverhedidisright.Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.Whicheveryouwantisyours.【注意点】That引导的主语从句中，that不能省略。主语从句可以用it来做形式主语，然后把从句放在主句之后，使句子更平衡。如例句第1,3,4,8,9.【主谓一致】.只有一套主谓结构的主语从句，谓语用单数Howandwhenlanguagebeganisamystery..含有两套主谓结构并列出现于主语从句时，用复数Howhe'sgotthecarandwhetheritisnewarenotknownyet.what引导的主语从句，谓语随表语变Whatyouneedismorepractice.Whatyouneedarethebooksonthedesk.2.宾语从句动词+宾语从句Wehopethatyouwillenjoyyourstayhere.Tellmewhyyoudon'tlikeschool.介词+宾语从句Don,taskaboutwhatthemeetingisfor.Oursuccessdependson/uponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.注意：介词后不用跟that引导的宾语从句，如要跟，必须加形式宾语itPleaseseetoitthatyoufinishtheworkintime.I'msure(ofit)thattheywonthegame.形容词+宾语从句Wearecertainthatthisistrue.I'mafraidthatIcan,thelpyou.Hewasn'tsurewhetherheoughttolaughorcry.动词+it+从句(it没有任何意义)Ihearditthathehadgoneabroad.Ihateitwhenpeoplespeakwiththeirmouthfull.Iappreciateditverymuchthathehaddonemeafavor.★主语+谓语+形式宾语it+宾补+宾语从句，常见动词有think,feel,find,make,consider,supposeTfeelitaterriblethingthatThavetogetupsoearly.Itookitforgrantedthatyouwouldstaywithus.Theykeptitquietthathewasdead.注意点1that引导的宾语从句中，that可被省略2demand,insist,order,request,require,suggest在主句中，宾语从句要用虚拟语气Isuggestthatallthestudents(should)bepresent.3think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，要将否定词移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定形式1don'tthinkhecandobetterthanme..表语从句可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。另外，常用的还有thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause等结构。Thereasonwasthathedicin'tworkhard.NewYorkisnolongerwhatitwastenyearsago.That,swhatmakeshimanexcellentconductor.Thatiswhyheturnedmedown.Thebookiswhereyouleftit.Thisiswhereyouarewrong.Thequestionremainswhetherwecanwinthemajorityofthepeople.注意点1that引导表语从句时that不能省略2若主句中有诸如demand,insist,order,request,require,suggest的词或其名词形式,表语从句要使用虚拟语气Hissuggestionisthatweshouldarriveheretenminutesearlier.3表原因可说That'swhy…That'sbecause…Thereasonisthat….同位语从句(1)与先行词同位或同等的从句称为同位语从句，具体说明先行词的内容。同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。同位语从句usageandexample同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导1.Heacceptedthe2.Shecametothe1.Heacceptedthe2.Shecametothe3.Ihavenodoubt4.Doyouhaveanyideaswherewecangetcheapersecondhandcar?.Nobodycanexplainthemysterywhyhesuddenlydisappeared.(2)注意点☆同位语前的先行词通常为news,fact,doubt,conclusion,hope,decision,belief,promise,truth,report,idea,possibi1ity,opinion,proof,message,impression,evidence,feeling,thought,story,order等等☆用正常的陈述语气☆有时与前面的先行词分开Wordcamethattheenemieshadgottohefootofthemountain.Hisdreamcametruethathewouldbecomeaworldfamousfootballer.★同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句中that只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，定语从句中that是关系代词，除了连接主句与从句外，还在从句中充当主语或宾语Thisisthetruththathetoldme.定语从句Thisisthetruththatheistherightmanforthejob.同位语从句同位语从句中先行词去掉后不影响句子的理解；而定语从句先行词不能去掉。Ibelievethefactthathewashonest.=Ibelievethathewashonest.Ibelievethefacthethoughttobetrue.Ibelievehethoughttobetrue,同位语从句中先行词是表示抽象概念的词，而定语从句中的先行词可以是表抽象或具体概念的词同位语从句中的that不能省略，而定语从句中的that在从句中作宾语时可省略四、注意点Lit引导主语从句和As引导定语从句区别这两种形式主要区别在于as结构有标点符号“，”号，而It和that连用，比较下面两个句子:Asisknowntoall,theearthmovesaroundthesun.Ttisknowntoallthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.Whatever,whichever的形容词的用法Readwhicheverbookyoufindinteresting.Whateverclothesyouwearareverysuitable.副词whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever引导让步状语从句Whatever(=nomatterwhat)yourproblemsare,theycan'tbeworsethanmine.Whoever(=nomatterwho)laughsatyou,Iwillstandbyyou.Whichever(=nomatterwhich)youmaytake,I'mnotinterestedinit.Compare:名词性从句中不能用nomatterwh-转化wh-cverWhoeversayssoisaliar.Whoevermaysayso,itisalie.Hecaresaboutwhatevershesays.Whatevershesays,hecaresaboutit.that的省略情况that在单个的宾语从句可省略。特别注意的是主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句和并列的宾语从句第二个that开始都不能省。whether和if区别这一点其实不用记，如果要分辨whether和if的名词性从句时，都选whether.whether可引导宾语、主语、表语、同位语从句，而if只引导宾语从句。.在宾语从句中whether可与or(not)与连用，而if不能.whether可与todo连用，而if不能.whether可用在介词之后，而if不能Whether和that用法区