高考英语一轮复习练习：选修7 Unit 19 Language Word版含解析

Ⅰ.完形填空(建议用时17′)[2016·嘉峪关一中模拟]Whenyouconcentrate,youfocusononethingandgetotherthoughtsoutofyourmind.Youconcentrateonschoolwork,onsports,oronsomemusicwhichrequiresserious__1__effort.Thepointisthatyouthinkofonlyone__2__atatime,doitandleaveitbehindyou.__3__toconcentrateisimportant.Anyadultwilltellyouthey__4__haveatleastadozenthingsontheirminds.Whentheymustcompleteaprojectbyacertaindayandhour,theyconcentrateonitand__5__severalpeopleintoaworkteam.This__6__aclearfocusonthework—andongettingotherstodotheir__7__.Adultshavea(n)__8__lifewhichmayincludeahusbandorawife,children,andalltheworkofrunningahousehold.Suppermustbe__9__andthebrokenbackstaircasemustbefixedbeforesomeonegets__10__.Ifachildissick,heorshemustgotothe__11__.Withallthesethingsontheirminds,howdoadults__12__theday?Theyknowtheycannotfightalltheirbattlesatonetime,sotheyconcentrateonthemost__13__task,getitdone,andgoontothenext.Themartialarts(武术)__14__youthiskindofconcentration.Todoamovement__15__，youmustwatchandimitatethemaster.Sinceyoudonotalwaysgetthingsrightthefirsttime,youmustfigureoutyour__16__andcorrectit.Theinstructoristhereto__17__，butyouarestillresponsibleforyourpersonalprogress.Asyoumoveupinrank(等级),moreandmoreisdemandedofyou.The__18__areincreasinglycomplex.Youhave__19__timeinclassandwanttogetthemostfromit.Butsinceyouhavelearnedtoconcentrateon__20__movementsandgetthemright,youconfidentlyaccept—andmeet—thesegreaterchallenges.本文是一篇议论文。我们去做一件事时，一定要做到专心致志、全力以赴，这样才能成功。1．A.technical B．politicalC.mental D.social答案：C由上句outofyourmind可知：当我们要做作业、搞训练以及听音乐时，我们需要努力做到精神(mental)集中。2．A.opinion B.personC.question D．task答案：D第13空所在句task有提示：关键在于我们一次只需致力于一件事(task)，把它做好，之后再放到一边。3．A.Learning B.AgreeingC.Promising D.Preparing答案：A我们从成年人身上明白：学会(Learning)专心致志很重要。4．A.sometimes B.always C．hardly D.probably答案：B根据本空前Anyadult可知：任何一位成年人都会告诉你，他们总是(always)挂念着许多事。5．A.organize B．orderC.send D.divide答案：A由本空后workteam得出：当他们在某个时限前必须完成某项工作时，他们就得专心致志，把一些人组织起来(organize)形成一个团队。6．A.offers B.changesC.adjusts D.requires答案：D从上句判断：就需要(requires)你很清醒地专注于工作。7．A.lesson B.favorite C．best D.favor答案：C这是一个团队，所以每个成员都要尽他们最大的努力(dotheirbest)。8．A.city B.home C．country D．art答案：B根据本空后husbandorawife,children得出：成年人的家庭(home)生活可能包括丈夫、妻子、孩子以及家务劳动。9．A.sold B.eaten C．cooked D.bought答案：C与本空后修理楼梯构成并列：他们需要回家做(cooked)饭，需要修理坏掉的楼梯以免家人受到伤害(hurt)。10．A.hurt B.cheatedC.punished D.beaten答案：A参考上句解析。11．A.professor B.movieC.class D.doctor答案：D由本空前sick得出：如果孩子生病了，父母还得送孩子去医院(gotothedoctor)。12．A.referto B.dreamofC.getthrough D.hopefor答案：C从本空前可知：脑子里装着这么多事，也不知道他们是怎么度过(getthrough)每一天的。13．A.pleasant B.hopeful C．difficult D.urgent答案：D根据本空前“fightalltheirbattlesatonetime”得出：他们很清楚自己无法一次解决所有的事情，所以他们只捡最紧迫的(urgent)事做，做完一件事之后再做另一件。14．A.teach B.lendC.leave D.spare答案：A由后文“Butsinceyouhavelearnedtoconcen­trateon...”可知：武术课就教给(teach)你如何专心致志。15．A.quickly B.correctlyC.carefully D.graciously答案：B从下句getthingsright判断：为了正确地(correctly)做出某个动作，你必须认真观察教练并尽力模仿他的动作。16．A.mistake B.painC.disadvantage D．regret答案：A与本空前right构成对比：因为你无法在第一次就把动作做到位，所以你得明白自己到底错(mistake)在了哪儿，然后纠正它。17．A.practice B.payC.watch D.help答案：D从本空前instructor判断：教练陪在你身边就是为了帮助(help)你。18．A.ideas B．culturesC.movements D.situations答案：C本段第二句movement有提示：你练得等级越高，动作(movements)要求也就越复杂。19．A.fixed B.limitedC.appointed D.wasted答案：B由本空后getthemost得出：在训练课上的时间是有限的(limited)，所以你想充分利用每一分钟。20．A.direct B.simpleC.smart D.wise答案：B因为你已经学会专注简单的(simple)动作，并且做好它们，所以你能信心百倍地迎接更复杂的挑战。Ⅱ.阅读理解(建议用时15′)A[2016·河南八市联考]Amiddle­agedman,dressedinanoldbrowncoat,satquietlyonaparkbenchwithanewspaper.Helosthisjobandlifejustseemssopointless.Adarkcloudofhopelessnesseq\a\vs4\al(W1)hungoverhishead.Alittlegirlwithatoybearinhandwasplayingnearby,whoseparentswerebusytalkingwithotherpeople.Tohissurprise,hewitnessedeq\a\vs4\al(W2)thegirlstrayfromtheplaygroundintheoppositedirectionofherparents.Butherparentshadnoideatheirdaughterwasrunningoffinpursuiteq\a\vs4\al(W3)ofabutterfly.“Maybetherewasadanger，”themanabandonedeq\a\vs4\al(W4)hispaperandwalkedinthegirl'sdirection.Hiswalkturnedintoajog.Hedidn'tknowwhathedid,butheknewhe'dhavetomovemorequickly.Thegirl'sbackwasturnedasshecontinuedafterthebutterfly.Hewentintoafullspeedafterthechild.“Lookout!Aspeedingcar！...”Luckily,shewaswithingrasp.Themanreachedouteq\a\vs4\al(P1)，grabbedherarmquicklyandpulledherback.Thegirlscreamedeq\a\vs4\al(W5)interror.Butthenoiseofthebusystreetsservedtomutehercriestothosenearby.“Letmego！”thegirlshouted.Themankeptholdofher,knelt,andlookedherintheeyes.“Youshouldbemorecareful!Neverplaynearthestreets.”“I'msorryIfrightenedyou.Justgetbacktoyourparents,kid.”Heletgo,fullyexpectingthegirltorunawayintears,however,shestayed,staringfixedlyattheground.“I'msorry,mister.Ihadthoughtyouwereabadman.Mytoyisnowforyou.”“Look，”themansighed,“Noneedtoapologize.Youaresaferfromnowon.”Shestartedoff,andthenturnedtowavebeforeshecontinuedbacktoherfolks.Themankepthiseyesoneq\a\vs4\al(P2)heruntilshereachedherparents.“Maybelifeisn'tsobadafterall.Atleastthere'sstillsomebeautyleftinthiscity.eq\a\vs4\al(S)”Hethoughtandregainedconfidencetowardslife.一个失去工作且对生活失去信心的人，在自己绝望的时候，救了一个面临危险的小女孩，之后感到这个世界上还是有很多值得珍惜的东西。1．Whydidthemanfeeldepressedatthebeginning?A．Nooneboughthisnewspaper.B．Hewantedahigherposition.C．Peopleignoredhim.D．Hewasoutofwork.答案：D细节理解题。根据第一段“Helosthisjobandlifejustseemssopointless.Adarkcloudofhopelessnesshungoverhishead.”可知，这个人失去了工作，因此感到很失望。2．Whatdidthegirl'sparentsdowhenadangerappeared?A．Theyhadachatwiththeirfriends.B．Theyreadnewspapersonabench.C．Theytriedtocatchthebutterfly.D．Theywitnessedaterribleaccident.答案：A细节理解题。根据第二段“Alittlegirlwithatoybearinhandwasplayingnearby,whoseparentswerebusytalkingwithotherpeople.”可知，小女孩的父母正与他们的朋友聊天，因此当小女孩面临危险的时候，他们根本没注意到。3．Howdidthelittlegirlfeelafterrealizingtheman'sbehavior?A．Annoyed. B．Thankful.C．Terrified. D．Excited.答案：B推理判断题。根据文章“Letmego！”thegirlshouted.可知，起初小女孩不知道那个人的意图，再结合下文“I'msorryIfrightenedyou.Justgetbacktoyourparents,kid.”可知，那个男人解释了自己的行为。“I'msorry,mister.Ihadthoughtyouwereabadman.Mytoyisnowforyou.”可知，小女孩因为误解了他而感到羞愧并进而充满了感激之情。4．Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A．Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.B．Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.C．Helpingothersmeanshelpingoneself.D．It'snevertoolatetolearn.答案：C主旨大意题。绝望的人在拯救了一个小女孩后又对生活充满了希望，暗示出帮助他人也就是帮助自己。eq\a\vs4\al(W重点词汇)1．hopelessnessn.绝望；无望2．witnessvt./n.目睹；目击证人3．pursuitn.追求；追赶4．abandonvt.放弃；抛弃5．screamn．/vt.尖叫；尖叫声eq\a\vs4\al(P重点短语)1．reachout伸出2.keepone'seyeson盯着；照看eq\a\vs4\al(S句式仿写)原文：Atleastthere'sstillsomebeautyleftinthiscity.(过去分词作定语)译文：至少这个城市里仍然还留有一些美的东西。仿写：Therehavebeenseveralneweventsadded_to_the_programforthe2016OlympicGames.有几项新活动增加到2016年的奥运项目中。B[2016·荆州中学质检]Wetakeitforgrantedeq\a\vs4\al(P1)thatwithmemorywecanremembermostofthingswhichhappenedinourlife.Butitisdifficulttoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutmemory.eq\a\vs4\al(S)Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions(感知),thebasisforthedecisionswemake,andtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobefoundinourpastexperiences,whicharebroughtintothepresentbymemory.Memorycanbedefinedastheabilitytokeepinformationavailableforlateruse.Itnotonlyincludes“remembering”thingslikearithmetic(算术)orhistoricalfacts,butalsoinvolvesanychangeinthewayananimaltypicallybehaves.Memoryisinvolvedwhenaratgivesupeatinggrainbecausehehassniffedeq\a\vs4\al(W1)somethingsuspiciousinthegrainpile.Memoryexistsnotonlyinhumansandanimalsbutalsoinsomephysicalobjectsandmachines.Computers,forexample,containdevicesforstoringdataforlateruse.Itisinterestingtocomparethememorystoragecapacity(容量)ofacomputerwiththatofahumanbeing.Theinstanteq\a\vs4\al(W2)accessmemoryofalargecomputermayholdupto100,000“words”—stringsofalphabeticornumericalcharacters—readyforinstantuse.AnaverageUSteenagerprobablyrecognizesthemeaningofabout1,000,000wordsofEnglish.However,thisisbutapartofthetotalamountofinformationthattheteenagerhasstored.Consider,forexample,thenumberoffacesandplacesthattheteenagercanrecognizeonsight.Theuseofwordsisthebasisoftheadvancedeq\a\vs4\al(W3)problemsolvingintelligenceofhumanbeings.Alargepartofaperson'smemoryisintermsofwordsandcombinationsofwords.Butwhilelanguagegreatlyexpandseq\a\vs4\al(W4)thenumberandthekindofthingsapersoncanremember,italsorequiresahugememorycapacity.Itmaywelleq\a\vs4\al(P2)bethiscapacitythatdistinguisheseq\a\vs4\al(W5)humans,settingthemapartfromotheranimals.本文是一篇说明文，介绍的是与memory相关的情况：定义，记忆存在的形式，以及记忆的作用。5．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutmemory?A．Ithelpsusperceivethingshappeningarounduseveryday.B．Itisbasedonthedecisionswemadeinthepast.C．Itisrootedinourpasthabitsandskills.D．Itconnectsourpastexperienceswiththepresent.答案：D细节理解题。根据第一段“...perceptions,thebasisforthedecisionswemake,andtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobefoundinourpastexperiences”可知A、B、C三项错误，故选D，亦可根据“whicharebroughtintothepresentbymemory”确定D项正确。6．Accordingtothepassage,memoryishelpfulinone'slifeinthefollowingaspectsEXCEPTthat________.A．itinvolvesachangeinone'sbehaviorB．itkeinformationforlateruseC．itwarnspeoplenottodothingsrepeatedlyD．itenablesonetoremembereventsthathappenedinthepast答案：C细节理解题。根据第二段“Memoryisinvolvedwhenaratgivesupeatinggrainbecausehehassniffedsomethingsuspicious...”可知。7．Whatisthemajorcharacteristicofman'smemorycapacityaccordingtotheauthor?A．Itcanbeexpandedbylanguage.B．Itcanrememberallthecombinedwords.C．Itmaykeepalltheinformationinthepast.D．Itmaychangewhathasbeenstoredinit.答案：B根据文章最后一段“Itmaywellbethiscapacitythatdistinguisheshumans,settingthemapartfromotheranimals.”可知。8．Humanbeingsmakethemselvesdifferentfromotheranimalsby________.A．havingtheabilitytoperceivedangerB．havingafargreatermemorycapacityC．havingtheabilitytorecognizefacesandplacesonsightD．havingtheabilitytodrawonpastexperiences答案：B推理判断题。根据文章第三段讲述的内容，尤其是“However,thisisbutapartofthetotalamountofinformationthattheteenagerhasstored.”可推知答案。eq\a\vs4\al(W重点词汇)1．sniffvi./vt.嗅；闻2.instantadj./n.立刻；瞬间3．advancedadj.先进的；高等的4．expandvt./vi.扩张；展开5．distinguishvt.区分；辨别；使杰出eq\a\vs4\al(P重点短语)1．take...forgranted认为……理所应当2．maywell很可能eq\a\vs4\al(S句式仿写)原文：Butitisdifficulttoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutmemory.(虚拟语气)译文：但是很难想象没有记忆生活会是什么样的。仿写：Withoutappropriatesoftware,a_computer_would_be_a_mere_box.没有恰当的软件，电脑只是一个空盒子罢了。Ⅲ.短文改错(建议用时8′)[2016·衡水中学调研]Once,whenIwasateenager,myfatherandIwerestandinginlinetobuyticketsforthecircus.Finally,therewasonlyonefamilyamongusandtheticketcounter.Thisfamilymadedeepimpressiononme.Therewereeightc