上海市金山2022-2023高三英语上学期期末（一模）质量监控试题

2022学年第一学期质量监控高三英语试卷Ⅰ.ListeningprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandaquestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Bytrain.B.Bytaxi.C.Bybus.D.Bybike.2.A.Alawyer.B.Acoach.C.Ateacher.D.Aboss.3.A.March31st.B.April4th.C.April2nd.D.April1st.4.A.¥180.B.¥280.C.¥380.D.¥560.5.A.It’sbeautiful.B.It’saGreekcampus.C.It’sasmallcampus.D.It’spopularwithpeople.6.A.Mr.Smith’scourseisdifficult.B.Mr.Smithoftenmakesmistakes.C.Thecourseprovestobequiteeasy.D.Thecourseismistakenfornothing.7.A.Heisshortofmoney.B.Hehasbeenintroublerecently.C.Hedoesn’twanttomissanywork.D.Heisunwillingtostayathomealone.8.A.Shehastoremovethevirus.B.Shecan’tmeetthedeadline.C.Shecan’tputupwiththeputer.D.She’sinfectedwithacertaindisease.9.A.Hehatestobuyticketsallthetimes.B.TheycanaffordtobuyaticketnextOctober.C.Buyingayearlyticketcansavehimmuchmoney.D.Thewomanistoobusytovisitthegardenagainwithinayear.10.A.Theyarefortingeachother.B.Theyaretellingajokeaboutfootball.C.Theyareexchangingideasasfootballfans.D.Theyareexpressingwhattheythinkaboutthematch.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.6.B.7.C.8.D.9.12.A.Becauseitpostponespeople’sbiologicalclock.B.Becauseitkeepspeopleenergeticintheafternoon.C.Becauseitmakespeoplenotdrinkenoughwater.D.Becauseitcausesdamagetoyourbody’sfunctions.13.A.Theeffectivewaystogetenoughsleep.B.Thedisadvantagesoflackingenoughsleep.C.Theproperamountofsleeppeopleshouldgeteveryday.D.Thereasonforthetirednessdespitelongandgoodsleep.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingspeech.14.A.Reasonsforbusyness.B.Solutionstobusyness.C.Importanceofbusyness.D.Disadvantagesofbusyness.15.A.Tointroducetheimportanceofstrategicthinking.B.Toprovesomepeoplearereallytoobusytothink.C.Toleadinthetopicbypresentingsomeinterestingfacts.D.Todemonstratepeople’sattitudetowardsstrategicthinking.16.A.Morephenomenaaboutbusyness.B.Morereasonsforpeople’sbusyness.C.Hiddenrelationshipbetweenbusynessandloneliness.D.Proposalforchangesandsuggestionsforbeatingbackbusyness.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.WhyancientphilosophersthoughttheEarthwasnotaflatdisc.B.Howancientphilosophersmeasuredthedistancebetweenplanets.C.WhyancientphilosophersthoughttheEarthmovedaroundtheSun.D.Howancientphilosophersexplainedthecauseofsomeunusualphenomena.18.A.Whentheytraveledsouth.B.Whentheystayedinnortherncountries.C.Whentheysawearth’sshadowonthemoonduringeclipses.D.WhentheysawtheNorthStar’sdifferentpositionsinthesky.19.A.Byanalyzingthedatacollectedduringtheeclipses.B.ByparingthedifferentpositionsoftheNorthStar.C.Bymeasuringthedistancesbetweendifferentcountries.D.Bytravelingbetweensouthernandnortherncountriesrepeatedly.20.A.Thecarefulobservationsintheirlife.B.Thetraditionalbeliefsoftheirancestors.C.Thewritingsofphilosophersfromothersocieties.D.Themeasurementsmadewithscientificinstruments.Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherent.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword.Fortheotherblanks,fillineachblankwithoneproperword.Makesurethatyouranswersaregrammaticallycorrect.YourSmellCouldAttractMosquitoesAnewstudyfindsthatsomepeopleattractmosquitoesmuchmorethanothers,anditprobablyinvolvesthewaytheysmell.Theresearchershavefoundthatpeoplewhoattractmosquitoesthemost____1____(produce)alotofcertainchemicalsontheirskin.Thesechemicals____2____(connect)tothesmellthatattractsthemosquitoes.LeslieVosshallisoneoftheresearchersinNewYork.Shesaid,“Ifyouhavehighlevelsofthisstuffonyourskin,you’regoingtobetheoneatthepicnic____3____(get)allthebites.”Forthestudy,researchersdesignedanexperimenttohavepeople’ssmellspeteagainsteachother.Theyasked64volunteerstowearstockingsaroundtheirforearmstoabsorbthesmellfromtheirskin.Thestockingswereputinseparatetrapsattheendofalongtube.Then,dozensofmosquitoeswerereleased.Themosquitoescametosometrapsmuchmorethanothers.Thescientistsdidtheexperimentseveraltimes,alwayschangingwhichstockingswerepetingagainsteachother.Attheend,theydiscoveredahugedifferencebetweenstockings.____4____(attractive)stockingwasaround100timesmoreattractivetothemosquitoesthanthelastplacefinisher.Bytestingthesamepeopleforoverayear,thestudyshowedthatthesebigdifferencesremain.“Mosquitomagnets(招蚊子喜欢的人)seem____5____(remain)mosquitomagnets,”Researcherssaid.Onemonfactortheyfoundwas____6____mosquitomagnetshadhighlevelsofcertainacidsontheirskin.“Theresearchcouldhelpfindnewwaystodriveawaymosquitoes,”saidJeffRiffell,ascientistnot____7____(involve)inthestudy,“There____8____bewaystoaffecttheskinbacteriaandchangethesmellthatattractsmosquitoes.”However,hesaidthatwouldbehardtodo.Researchersalsodidtheexperimentwithmosquitoes____9____geneswerechangedtodamagetheirsenseofsmell.Buttheystillflewtothesamemosquitomagnets.Vosshallsaidmosquitoeshavewaystofindus____10____wechangesomeconditions.“Theyhavemanybackupplanstobeabletofindusandbiteus,”shesaid.【答案】1.produce2.areconnected3.getting4.Themostattractive5.toremain6.that7.involved8.may9.whose10.evenif##though【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了为什么有些人非常招蚊子，因为吸引蚊子的人会在皮肤上产生大量特定的化学物质。【1题详解】考查动词时态。句意：研究人员发现，最吸引蚊子的人会在皮肤上产生大量特定的化学物质。分析句子结构可知，本句是that引导的宾语从句，和who引导的定语从句，produce应做宾语从句的谓语，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是people为复数，故用动词原形。故填produce。【2题详解】考查主谓一致和语态。句意：这些化学物质与吸引蚊子的气味有关。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，connect应做本句谓语，主语是chemicals，为复数，与connect之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时。故填areconnected。【3题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你的皮肤上有大量的这种物质，你就会成为野餐时被咬伤的那个人。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词are，所以get应该用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是one，两者间是主动关系，此处应该用现在分词做后置定语。故填getting。【4题详解】考查形容词。句意：最招蚊子的袜子对蚊子的吸引力大约是最后一名的100倍。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词stocking，所以空处应填形容词修饰，在根据句意可知是拿最最招蚊子的袜子和最后一名比较，所以应该用最高级，此处是形容词的最高级，前必须加定冠词the，谓语句首，首字母需大写。故填Themostattractive。【5题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：“招蚊子喜欢的人似乎仍然还是那么招蚊子，”德格纳罗说。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：seemtodosth.意为“似乎是”。故填toremain。【6题详解】考查表语从句连接词。句意：他们发现的一个共同因素是，吸蚊剂在他们的皮肤上含有大量的某种酸。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用that引导。故填that。【7题详解】考查形容词。句意：“这项研究可能有助于找到驱赶蚊子的新方法，”没有参与这项研究的科学家杰夫·里费尔(JeffRiffell)说，“可能有办法影响皮肤细菌，改变吸引蚊子的气味。”。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：beinvolvedin意为“使参与”本句为形容词作定语。故填involved。【8题详解】考查情态动词。句意：“这项研究可能有助于找到驱赶蚊子的新方法，”没有参与这项研究的科学家杰夫·里费尔(JeffRiffell)说，“可能有办法影响皮肤细菌，改变吸引蚊子的气味。”。分析句子结构可知，本句结构完整，设空在动词前，动词用的是原形，所以空处应填助动词或者情态动词，根据句意可知此处表推测，应用情态动词may。故填may。【9题详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：研究人员还对蚊子进行了实验，这些蚊子的基因被改变，从而破坏了它们的嗅觉。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，从句中缺少定语，先行词是mosquitoes，所以应该用whose引导。故填whose。【10题详解】考查状语从句连词。句意：Vosshall说，蚊子有办法找到我们，尽管我们改变了一些条件。分析句子结构可知，设空前后两个句子是让步关系，空处应填though或者evenif表达“尽管”之意，引导让步状语从句。故填though或者evenif。SectionBDirections:pletethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.abandonedB.challengeC.coloredD.demonstrateE.ensuresF.initiativesG.innovationH.pilotI.purchasedJ.recycledK.tailorsLego:OneStepClosertoBeingSustainableTheLegoGroupisonestepclosertoreachingitsgoalofmakingallitsproductsfromsustainablematerialsby2030.TheDanishtoymakerrevealedaprototype(雏形)brickmadefrom____11____plastic.Inanewsrelease,LegosaidthePETplasticfrom____12____bottlesmakesupthefirstbricktomeetthepany’s“strictqualityandsafetyrequirements.”Onewaythepany____13____safetyisbysourcingmaterialsfromsuppliersthatuseprocessesapprovedbytheUSFood&DrugAdministrationandEuropeanFoodSafetyAuthority.“Thebiggest___14___onoursustainabilityjourneyisrethinkingandinnovatingnewmaterialsthatareaslonglasting,strongandhighqualityasourexistingbricks—andfitwithLEGOelementsmadeoverthepast60years,”LegoGroupVicePresidentofEnvironmentalResponsibilityTimBrookssaid.“Withthisprototypewe’reableto____15____theprogresswe’remakingtothepublic.”Itwillbe“sometime”beforebricksmadefromusedmaterialscanbe____16____,Legosaid.ThepanywillcontinuetotestanddevelopthePETformulation(配方)anddecidewhethertomovetothe____17____productionphase,whichisexpectedtotakeatleastayear.Onefactorthepanyistestingishowthematerialcanbe____18____.“Experimentationandfailingisanimportantpartoflearningand____19____.Justaskidsbuild,unbuildandrebuildwithLEGObricksathome,we’redoingthesameinourlab,”Brookssaid.Themovefollowslastyear’sannouncementthatthepanywasmakinga$400millioninvestmentoverthreeyearsintosustainability____20____.Itincludedphasingoutthesingleuseplasticbagsfromitsboxesandinsteadusingrecyclablepaperforitspackaging.【答案】11.J12.A13.E14.B15.D16.I17.H18.C19.G20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了乐高目前在可持续材料制造上获得的成就和未来的计划。【11题详解】考查形容词。句意：这家丹麦玩具制造商展示了一款由回收塑料制成的积木原型。分析句子结构可知，此处需要形容词做定语，修饰空后的plastic，此处表达是“可回收塑料制造”之意，recycled“回收利用的”符合题意。故选J项。【12题详解】考查形容词。句意：乐高在一份新闻稿中表示，来自废弃瓶子的PET塑料构成了满足该公司“严格的质量和安全要求”的第一块砖。分析句子结构可知，此处需要形容词做定语，修饰空后的bottles，abandoned“被遗弃的”符合题意。故选A项。【13题详解】考查动词。句意：该公司确保安全的一种方法是，从使用美国食品药品管理局(Food&DrugAdministration)和欧洲食品安全局(EuropeanFoodsafetyAuthority)批准工艺的供应商那里采购材料。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，从句中缺少谓语，应填动词，ensure“保证”为动词符合题意，主语是thepany为第三人称单数，描述的是一般的状态，应该用一般现在时，应填ensures。故选E项。【14题详解】考查名词。句意：乐高集团负责环境责任的副总裁蒂姆·布鲁克斯说:“我们在可持续发展之旅中面临的最大挑战是重新思考和创新新材料，这些材料要像我们现有的砖一样持久、坚固和高质量，并且与过去60年生产的乐高元素相适应。”。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词，challenge“挑战”符合题意。故选B项【15题详解】考查动词。句意：通过这个原型，我们能够向公众展示我们正在取得的进展。分析句子结构可知，空前的to是不定式标志，空处应填动词原形，demonstrate“演示”符合题意。故选D项。【16题详解】考查动词。句意：乐高表示，购买二手材料制成的积木还需要“一段时间”。分析句子结构可知，此处是before引导的状语从句，从句中缺少谓语动词，所以应填动词purchase“购买”符合题意，又从句主语是bricks与purchase之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，空前已有be动词，所以空处填purchased。故选I项。【17题详解】考查形容词。句意：该公司将继续测试和开发PET配方，并决定是否进入试生产阶段，预计至少需要一年时间。分析句子结构可知，空气是冠词the，空后是名词production，所以空处应填形容词做的定语，pilot“试验性的”符合题意。故选H项。【18题详解】考查动词。句意：该公司正在测试的一个因素是这种材料如何着色。分析句子结构可知，此处是后文引导的表语从句，从句中缺少谓语动词，应填动词，color“着色”为动词符合题意，从句主语是material与color之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，空前已有be动词，所以空处填colored。故选C项。【19题详解】考查名词。句意：实验和失败是学习和创新的重要组成部分。分析句子结构可知，根据空前and，空处应和learning并列，应填名词，innovation“创造”为不可数名词，符合题意。故选G项。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：去年，该公司宣布将在三年内投资4亿美元用于可持续发展计划。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：sustainabilityinitiatives意为“可持续发展计划”。故选F项。Ⅲ.ReadingprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.In2007,agroupofresearchersbegantestingaconceptthatseemsasifitwouldneverneedtesting:Ismorehappinessalwaysbetterthanless?Theresearchersaskedcollegestudentstoratetheirfeelingsonascalefrom“unhappy”to“veryhappy”andparedtheresultswithacademicandsocialoutes.Althoughthe“veryhappy”participantshadbrilliantsociallives,theyperformed____21____inschoolthanthosewhoweremerely“happy”.Theresearchersthenexaminedadatasetfromanotherstudythatratedcollegefreshmen’s“cheerfulness”and____22____theirinenearlytwodecadeslater.Theyfoundthatthemost____23____werenotthehighestearners.Thatdistinction(荣誉)onceagainwenttothesecondhighestgroup,whichratedtheircheerfulnessas“aboveaverage.”Aswitheverythinginlife,happinesshasits____24____.Pursuinghappinesstotheexclusionofothergoalsknownaspsychologicalhedonism(享乐主义)—is____25____.Itgivesalifewhereyoudonotreachyourfullpotential,whereyouare____26____totakerisks,whereyouchoosetemporarypleasuresoverchallengingexperiencesthatgivelifemeaning.WhenItalkwithpeopleabouttheirfearofnegativeoutesinlife,theirtruesourceoffear,inmanycases,____27____howtheywillfeelabouthavingfailed,notabouttheconsequenceofthefailureitself.Thisissimilartothewaythatdisfortwith____28____causesmoreanxietythanguaranteedbadnews.To____29____thesebadfeelings,peoplegiveupkindsofopportunitiesthatinvolvethepossibilityoffailure.However,bringinggoodthingsintoyourlife,whetherloveorcareersuccess,usuallyinvolvesrisk.Riskdoesnot,ofcourse,_____30_____makeushappy.Ariskylifewillverylikelybringdisappointment,butitcanbringgreater_____31_____thanalifeplayedsafe,asthestudiesabovesuggested.Noneofthisistosaythatwearefoolishforwantingtobehappy._____32_____,thedesireforhappinessisnaturalandnormal.Makingthepursuitofpositivefeelingsyourhighestoronlygoal,however,isacostlylifestrategy.Endlesshappinessisimpossibletoachieve,anddoingso_____33_____manyoftheelementsofagoodlife.AstheCanadianAmericanpsychologistPaulBloomwrote,“It’sthe_____34_____wechoosethataffordsthemostopportunityforpleasure,meaning,andpersonalgrowth.”Thoughpainshouldneverbeanyone’sgoal,eachofuscanstriveforarichlifeinwhichwenotonlyseekthesunshinebutfully____35____therainthatinevitablyfallsaswell.Thisistheparadox(悖论)ofbeingfullyalive.21.A.unwillingly B.unpleasantly C.admirably D.incredibly22.A.generated B.increased C.tracked D.drained23.A.joyful B.wealthy C.successful D.distinctive24.A.advantage B.balance C.opportunity D.preference25.A.fruitful B.significant C.priceless D.rewardless26.A.desperate B.hesitant C.likely D.tempted27.A.centerson B.workson C.takeson D.passeson28.A.performance B.discipline C.uncertainty D.ignorance29.A.conceal B.create C.tolerate D.avoid30.A.necessarily B.inevitably C.similarly D.deliberately31.A.fascination B.rewards C.depression D.challenges32.A.Onthecontrary B.Thatistosay C.Forinstance D.Inturn33.A.harvests B.encounters C.designs D.sacrifices34.A.happiness B.wealth C.dishonor D.suffering35.A.escape B.predict C.experience D.produce【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.B25.D26.B27.A28.C29.D30.A31.B32.A33.D34.D35.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了快乐也有平衡，多一点幸福并不总是比少一点好，适当的不开心可以提高对生活的感受和解决问题的能力。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管“非常快乐”的参与者有着辉煌的社交生活，但他们在学校的表现比那些仅仅“快乐”的人要糟糕。A.unwillingly不情愿地；B.unpleasantly令人不愉快地；C.admirably令人钦佩地；D.incredibly难以置信地。根据“the“veryhappy”participantshadbrilliantsociallives”和表示转折关系的although可知，比起那些“快乐”的人，“非常快乐”的人在学校的表现不难么令人愉快。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员随后检查了另一项研究的数据集，该研究对大学新生的“快乐”进行了评级，并在近20年后追踪了他们的收入。A.generated产生；B.increased增加；C.tracked追踪；D.drained排除，使疲惫。根据下文“Theyfoundthatthemost____3____werenotthehighestearners.”推知，研究人员追踪了他们近20年的收入。故选C。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们发现最快乐的人并不是收入最高的人。A.joyful快乐的；B.wealthy富有的；C.successful成功的；D.distinctive独特的。根据上文“Ismorehappinessalwaysbetterthanless?”可知，本文研究的是“多一点幸福总比少一点好吗”，因此此处指那些快乐的人并不总是收入最高的。故选A。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：和生活中的一切一样，幸福也有它的平衡。A.advantage优势；B.balance平衡；C.opportunity机会；D.preference偏爱。结合常识和“Aswitheverythinginlife”可知，幸福和生活中的其他事情一样，也有平衡，过多过少都是不行的。故选B。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：追求幸福而不顾其他目标——被称为心理享乐主义——是没有回报的。A.fruitful有成果的；B.significant重要的；C.priceless无价的；D.rewardless无报酬的。根据“Pursuinghappinesstotheexclusionofothergoalsknown”可知，这样做是没有回报的。故选D。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它给人的生活是，你没有充分发挥自己的潜力，你对冒险犹豫不决，你选择暂时的快乐而不是挑战赋予生活意义的经历。A.desperate绝望的；B.hesitant迟疑的，犹豫的；C.likely可能的；D.tempted诱惑的。根据上文“youdonotreachyourfullpotential”和下文“youchoosetemporarypleasuresoverchallengingexperiencesthatgivelifemeaning”可知，此处应选择负向感情色彩的词，即面对冒险时犹豫不决。故选B。【27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我和人们谈论他们对生活中负面结果的恐惧时，他们真正的恐惧来源，在很多情况下，集中在他们对失败的感受上，而不是失败本身的后果。A.centerson以……为中心，集中于；B.workson致力于；C.takeson呈现，从事；D.passeson传递。根据“howtheywillfeelabouthavingfailed”可知，人们恐惧的来源集中在对失败的感觉上。故选A。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这类似于不确定性带来的不适会比肯定的坏消息引起更多的焦虑。A.performance表演，表现；B.discipline自律；C.uncertainty不确定性；D.ignorance无知。呼应下文“guaranteed”此处指对不确定性的不适。故选C。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了避免这些不好的感觉，人们放弃了各种可能失败的机会。A.conceal取消；B.create创造；C.tolerate容忍；D.avoid避免，避开。根据“peoplegiveupkindsofopportunitiesthatinvolvethepossibilityoffailure.”可知，人们为了避免不好的感觉，放弃了很多机会，尽管这些机会带来的可能是失败。故选D。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当然，风险并不一定会让我们快乐。A.necessarily必定，必然；B.inevitably不可避免地；C.similarly相似地；D.deliberately故意地。根据上文“bringinggoodthingsintoyourlife,whetherloveorcareersuccess,usuallyinvolvesrisk.”和下文“Ariskylifewillverylikelybringdisappointment”可知，幸福伴随着风险，风险可能带来失望，因此风险并不一定会让我快乐。故选A。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如上述研究表明的那样，冒险的生活很可能会带来失望，但它比安全的生活带来更大的回报。A.fascination魅力；B.rewards回报；C.depression沮丧，抑郁；D.challenges挑战。根据上文“However,bringinggoodthingsintoyourlife,whetherloveorcareersuccess,usuallyinvolvesrisk.”可知，比起什么都不做，冒险的生活会带来回报。故选B。【32题详解】考查短语辨析。句意：相反，对幸福的渴望是自然和正常的。A.Onthecontrary相反；B.Thatistosay也就是说；C.Forinstance例如；D.Inturn轮流，反过来。根据上文“Noneofthisistosaythatwearefoolishforwantingtobehappy.”可知，与之相反，渴望幸福是自然且正常的。故选A。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：无尽的幸福是不可能实现的，这样做会牺牲美好生活的许多要素。A.harvests收获；B.encounters偶遇；C.designs设计；D.sacrifices牺牲。根据“Endlesshappinessisimpossibletoachieve”可知，想要无尽的幸福需要牺牲生活中其他美好的东西。故选D。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如加拿大裔美国心理学家保罗·布鲁姆所写：“正是我们选择的苦难为我们提供了快乐、意义和个人成长的最大机会。”A.happiness幸福；B.wealth财富；C.dishonor拒付，丢脸；D.suffering痛苦。结合常识和下文“Thoughpainshouldneverbeanyone’sgoal”可知，苦难为我们提供了快乐、意义和个人成长的最大机会。故选D。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然痛苦永远不应该是任何人的目标，但我们每个人都可以为丰富的生活而奋斗，在生活中，我们不仅寻求阳光，而且充分体验不可避免的下雨。A.escape逃避；B.predict预测；C.experience经历，体验；D.produce生产。根据“inwhichwenotonlyseekthesunshine”可知，除了在生活中寻求阳光，我们还应该体验不可避免的“雨”。故选C。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Tenyearsago,thecyclist’sridinghardthroughthefirstsnowstormoftheyearwasararesight,oftencapturedfortheeveningnews.Today,however,itisestimatedthat45%ofcyclistsridebikesyearround.Beingpreparediskeytoagoodrideinthewinter.Theincreasingpopularityofwintercyclingisduetothecreationofmountainbikeanditsimitation.Equippedwithmorestablebicycles,nothingseemstobeabletostoptheadventurouswintercyclists.Manyofthemwearrunningshoesandprotectthemselvesfromthecoldbywearingdownhillskiingclothes.Onwetdays,theywearspecialwaterproofovertheirshoes.Besidesallthesementionedabove,thereisonethingthathasmadewinterridingmorepopulartheseyears.Inthepast,cyclistsneedtocleanandoiltheirbicyclechainsonceaweek,whichisnoeasytask.Butonebicyclestoreownertackledthisweeklychallengingtaskwithaninnovatedpletechaincover.Withbicyclechainspletelycovered,cyclistswouldneedtodothetroublesomeworkonceeverysixmonths.Despitethisamazinginvention,thestoreownerstilladvisescycliststotakeataxiorbuswhenit’sreallysnowingheavily,notbecauseconditionsaretoohardforbicycles,butbecausesheisafraidthatmanybikersmayloseconfidenceinthemselvesonsnowydaysofreduceddiscernibility,whichisverydangerous.36.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.WinterMountaincyclingpetitions.B.Suitableclothingforwintercycling.C.Popularityofwintercyclinganditsreasons.D.Increasesinwintercyclingequipment.37.Accordingtothepassage,whathasmadewintercyclingnolongerararesight?A.Constructionofbicyclepaths. B.Adecreaseinequipmentprices.C.Theinventionofstablebicycles. D.Milderweatherinrecentyears.38.Howdidonebicyclestoreownerhelpthewintercyclists?A.Shesellsbicyclesataverylowprice.B.Shemakescyclinginwinterlessdangerous.C.Shehelpsimprovecyclists’confidencewhenriding.D.Sheinventsanewwaytoreducethefrequencyofmaintenance.39.Theunderlinedword“discernibility”inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningtoA.visibility B.popularityC.congestion D.creativity【答案】36.C37.C38.D39.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了冬季骑自行车的人为什么增加了，以及最后提出不建议雪天骑自行车。【36题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Today,however,itisestimatedthat45%ofcyclistsridebikesyearround.(然而，今天，据估计45%的骑自行车的人全年都骑自行车)”以及第二段“Theincreasingpopularityofwintercyclingisduetothecreationofmountainbikeanditsimitation.(冬季自行车的日益普及是由于山地车的创造和模仿)”以及第三段中“Besidesallthesementionedabove,thereisonethingthathasmadewinterridingmorepopulartheseyears.(除了上面提到的这些，还有一件事使冬季骑行在这些年来变得更受欢迎)”可知，本文主要讲述冬季自行车运动的流行及其原因。故选C项。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Theincreasingpopularityofwintercyclingisduetothecreationofmountainbikeanditsimitation.Equippedwithmorestablebicycles,nothingseemstobeabletostoptheadventurouswintercyclists.(冬季自行车的日益普及是由于山地车的创造和模仿。配备了更稳定的自行车，似乎没有什么能阻止冒险的冬季自行车手)”可知，因为稳定自行车的发明导致冬季骑行不再是一种罕见的景象。故选C项。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Inthepast,cyclistsneedtocleanandoiltheirbicyclechainsonceaweek,whichisnoeasytask.Butonebicyclestoreownertackledthisweeklychallengingtaskwithaninnovatedpletechaincover.Withbicyclechainspletelycovered,cyclistswouldneedtodothetroublesomeworkonceeverysixmonths.(在过去，骑自行车的人需要每周清洁一次自行车链，并为其上油，这不是一项容易的任务。但一位自行车店主用一种创新的完整链条套解决了这个每周都具有挑战性的任务。在完全覆盖自行车链条的情况下，骑自行车的人每六个月就需要做一次这项麻烦的工作)”可知，一位自行车店主发明了一种减少维修频率的新方法来帮助冬季骑自行车的人。故选D项。【39题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词前文“Despitethisamazinginvention,thestoreownerstilladvisescycliststotakeataxiorbuswhenit’sreallysnowingheavily,notbecauseconditionsaretoohardforbicycles,butbecausesheisafraidthatmanybikersmayloseconfidenceinthemselves(尽管有了这个惊人的发明，但店主还是建议骑车的人在真正下雪的时候乘坐出租车或公共汽车，这并不是因为条件对自行车来说太艰苦，而是因为她担心很多骑车的人对自己失去信心)”可知，不推荐下大雪时骑自行车，不是因为雪天条件艰苦，而更多是因为雪天能见度下降，而失去信心。所以可推测discernibility为“能见度”之意，和A项“visibility”意思相近。故选A项。(B)Peoplewithfixedmindsetsbelievethat:●Skill,intelligenceandtalentsarenatural.●Failureisshamefulandshouldbeavoided.●Somepeoplearenaturallygoodatthingswhileothersnot.●Youarenotincontrolofyourabilities.Peoplewithgrowthmindsetsbelievethat:●Youhavethecapacitytolearnandgrowyourskills.●Failureisavaluablelesson.●Peoplewhoaregoodatsomethingaregoodbecausetheybuildthatability.●Youareincontrolofyourabilities.haveadesiretolooksmart,sotendto:—Avoidchallenges.—Giveupeasily.—Seeeffortasfruitlessorworse.—Ignoreusefulnegativefeedback.—Feelthreatenedbythesuccessofothers.haveadesiretolearn,sotendto:—Embracechallenges.—Persistinthefaceofsetbacks.—Seeeffortasthepathtomastery.—Learnfromcriticism.—Findlessonsandinspirationinthesuccessofothers.Asaresult,theymaystayatthesamelevelearlyandachievelessthantheirfullpotential.Asaresult,theyreacheverhigherlevelsofachievement.Changecanbetough,butI’veneverheardanyonesayitwasn’tworthit.Didchangingtoagrowthmindsetsolveallmyproblems?No.ButIknowthatIhaveadifferentlifebecauseofit—aricherone.40.Thebook“mindset”isintendedto________.A.tellreadersthattwodifferentmindsetsleadtodifferentresultsB.illustratethatpeoplewithdifferentmindsetsholddifferentbeliefsC.helpreadersbelievepeopleactdifferentlywhenfacingchallengesD.persuadepeopletolearntochangesoastoenjoyamorefruitfullife41.Generallyspeaking,peoplewithfixedmindsetsaremostly________.A.successful B.straightforwardC.intelligent D.narrowminded42.Apersonwithagrowthmindsetislikelytosay________.A.“IfIwin,I’llbesomebody;ifIlose,I’llbenobody.”B.“Tobegoodatsports,youneedtobenaturallygifted.”C.“Learntechniquesandskillsandpracticethemregularly,andyouwillalwaysimprove.”D.“Youhaveacertainlevelofabilityinsportsandyoucannotreallydomuchtochangeit.”【答案】40.D41.D42.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了“mindset”这本书。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据文中两个表格内容“Peoplewithfixedmindsetsbelievethat(固定心态的人认为)”和“Peoplewithgrowthmindsetsbelievethat(拥有成长型心态的人相信)”可知，本文通过两种不同心态的人进行对比，最后得出结论，根据表格最后“Changecanbetough,butI’veneverheardanyonesayitwasn’tworthit.Didchangingtoagrowthmindsetsolveallmyproblems?No.ButIknowthatIhaveadifferentlifebecauseofit—aricherone.(改变是艰难的，但我从未听任何人说不值得。转变成长型思维模式能解决我所有的问题吗？不。但我知道，我有一个不同的生活，因为它——一个更丰富的生活)”可知，《心态》一书的目的是说服人们学会改变，才能享受更丰硕的人生。故选D项。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据表格中间左边部分haveadesiretolooksmart,sotendto下的“Feelthreatenedbythesuccessofothers.(对他人的成功感到威胁)”可推知固定心态的人一般是心胸狭窄的。故选D项。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据表格上面右边部分Peoplewithgrowthmindsetsbelievethat下的“Youhavethecapacitytolearnandgrowyourskills.(你有能力学习和提高自己的技能)”以及中间部分haveadesiretolearn,sotendto下的“Seeeffortasthepathtomastery.(把努力看作是通往精通的道路)”结合选项可推知，C项“Learntechniquesandskillsandpracticethemregularly,andyouwillalwaysimprove.(学习技术和技巧，并经常练习，你就会不断进步)”是一个拥有成长型思维模式的人可能会说的。故选C项。(C)Venus(金星)haslongplayedsecondtoitsredder,smallerandmoredistantneighbor.Givenhowinhospitable(不宜居住的)Venushasappearedtobe,wehavespentthemajorityofthelastcenturypinningsomeofourbiggesthopesoffindingsignsoflifeonMars.ThatallchangedonSeptember15,2020.ItwasannouncedthatastrangegascalledphosphinehadbeenspottedinthecloudsaboveVenus.Thegasisproducedbymicrobes,extremelysmalllivingthings,hereonEarth,sothediscoveryhasrenewedhopesthattheremightbelifeonVenus.Nowweneedtoknowforsure.Thereis,afterall,onlysomuchwecandowithgroundbasedinstruments.Venusisextremelybright.Thisbrightness,causedbytheintensereflectionofsunlightfromitsthickcloudsandhighlightedbecauseofitscloserdistancetoEar