贵州课标英语课件：范畴3 主题9　灾害防范

课件需用office2010及以上版本打开，如果您的电脑是office2007及以下版本或者WPS软件，可能会出现公式不可编辑或者有不同程度的动版。软件使用编辑修改本课件全文均可单击鼠标右键对内容进行编辑修改。课件说明学科特色公式由公式编辑器制作，可单击鼠标右键对公式进行修改。显示说明如您在使用过程中遇到公式不显示或者字体乱码的情况，可能是因为您的电脑缺少对应字体，请打开网页下载。范畴三人与自然教材同步复习主题九灾害防范Thinkaboutthefollowingquestions：1．Whatnaturaldisasterhaveyoueverheardoforexperienced?2．Howmuchdoyouknowaboutthetsunami(海啸)?

自然灾害 Ifyou'veeverswuminthepool,you'veprobablyenjoyedcreatingyourownwaves.Theharderyoupushwithyourhands,thebiggerthewaveswillbe. Whenagreatearthquakehappensundertheoceanfloor,theearthquake'slargeenergyistransferred(转移)tothewateraboveit,creating①aseriesofwaterwavescalledatsunami.Theword②comesfromtheJapanesewordstsu(harbor)andnami(wave). Normaloceanwaveshaveanaveragewavelength(波长)ofabout100metersandanaverageheightofabout2meters,whileatsunamicanhaveawavelengthof193kilometersormore.Travellingatuptoabout800kilometersperhourinthedeepocean,atsunamimightbeataheightofaslittleas0.9meters.▲ Asatsunamiapproaches(接近)acoastline，things③begintochangegreatly.Asitapproachesshallow(浅的)waters,thewavespeeddropsbelowabout80kilometersperhour.Thewavelengthalsoreducesmuch,butamplitude—theheightofthewave—increasesgreatly,④leadingtothehugewallofwateralongcoastlines,which⑤causesgreatdamagetocoastalareas. About80%oftsunamishappeninthePacificOcean.Tsunamiscannotbestopped,butareasthatexperiencetsunamisregularlyhavedevelopedtsunamiwarningsystemstogiveasmuchwarningaspossibletopeoplewholivealongthecoastline.Forexample,therearetsunamiwarningsignsandwarningsirens(警报器)ontopofnearbyhillsalongJapanesecoastlines.AndmanyJapanesecoastalcommunitieshavebuilttsunamiwalls,floodgatesandotherstostoporchangethedirectionofwaterfromincomingtsunamis.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海啸是如何形成以及海啸带来的强大危害，并介绍了人们是如何应对海啸的。

根据文章内容完成下列各题1．WhydoesthewritermentionswimminginthepoolinParagraph1？()A．Tohelpreadersunderstandtsunamisbetter.B．Toshowhowpowerfulanearthquakeis.C．Toexplainhowwaterwavescomeintobeing.【解析】推理判断题。由第一段内容可知，文章通过介绍“我”们游泳时产生的波浪让人们更形象地理解海啸。故选A。A2．

Whichsentencecanbeputin“▲“？()A．Tsunamisarealwaysnotaspowerfulasearthquakes.B．Sothereisnoneedtoworryaboutatsunami.C．Itmakesitalmostimpossibletobenoticed,evenforashipinthearea.【解析】句子还原题。由空格前一句“Travellingatuptoabout800kilometersperhourinthedeepocean,atsunamimightbeataheightofaslittleas0.9meters.”可知，空格处表示这样人们就很难发现海啸的到来。故选C。C3．

Thelastparagraphismainlyabout

．()A．howtostudytsunamisB．wheretsunamisalwayshappenC．howtoreducethedamagescausedbytsunamis【解析】段落大意题。最后一段主要介绍了一些应对海啸的方法：报警器、建海啸墙等，这些措施都是减少海啸危害的措施。故选C。C

理清文章结构和内容，完成思维导图undertheoceanfloordeepoceanslowerbiggerWaysTsunamiwarningsystemstsunamiwalls

好词好句积累

在文中画出下列词组或句型，翻译并仿写与主题相关的句子。①aseriesof______________________________________________________仿写：中国宣布了一系列措施来应对自然灾害。_________________________________________________________________一系列Chinahasannouncedaseriesofmeasurestodealwithnaturaldisasters.②comefrom_____________________________________________________仿写：人类也是动物。我们都来自大自然。_________________________________________________________________③begintodosth._________________________________________________

仿写：随着气温的升高，一些冰开始融化。_________________________________________________________________来自Humansarealsoanimals.Weallcomefromnature.开始做某事Asthetemperaturerises,someoftheicebeginstomelt.④leadto________________________________________________________

仿写：自然灾害都可能导致巨大的损失。_________________________________________________________________⑤causegreatdamageto___________________________________________仿写：这次地震给人们的生活造成了巨大伤害。_________________________________________________________________导致Naturaldisastersallmayleadtohugeloss.给……造成巨大伤害Theearthquakecausedgreatdamagetopeople'slives.第一部分完形填空

阅读下面一篇短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

自然灾害 Ilookedatmywatch.Itwastentosix.Therewerejusttenminutesleftbeforewecouldleaveforhome.Suddenlytheearthbegantoshake.Innotimetheshakebecamevery

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.“Earthquake！”someoneshouted.I

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theotherstothedoorbutwecouldn'tgetout.Istayedunderadesk,coveringmyheadandneckwithmyarms.“Willsomeone

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meifthebuildingsfalldown?“Ikeptthinkingaboutthat.()1.A．tall B．far C．Strong【解析】考查形容词辨析。tall“高的”；far“远的”；strong“强烈的”。由“Earthquake！”可知，此处指震动变得强烈。故选C。()2.A．allowed B．followed C．Waited【解析】考查动词辨析。allow“允许”；follow“跟着”；wait“等待”。由“theotherstothedoor”可知，此处指跟着其他人到门口。故选B。()3.A．catch B．hold C．save【解析】考查动词辨析。catch“及时赶上；抓住；接住”；hold“拥有；抓住”；save“救；救助”。由“ifthebuildingsfalldown”可知，此处指需要救助。故选C。CBC Severalminuteslater,theshakestopped.Weran

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tothestreet.Itwassucha(n)

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thatwecouldn'tbelieveoureyes—thestreetwasfullofdebris(碎片)and

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wood.Moreandmorepeoplecameoutandmanywereinjured(受伤的).Lotsofthemdidnothingbutlookedupintotheskyinshock.()4.A．wisely B．quickly C．Quietly【解析】考查副词辨析。wisely“明智地”；quickly“快速地”；quietly“安静地”。由常识可知，在地震晃动停止后，应快速跑到街上。故选B。()5.A．mess B．accident C．Problem【解析】考查名词辨析。mess“混乱”；accident“事故”；problem“问题”。由“thestreetwasfullofdebris(碎片)and6wood”可知，街上很乱。故选A。()6.A．burnt B．worn C．broken【解析】考查形容词辨析。burnt“烧坏的”；worn“用坏的”；broken“破坏了的”。由and前并列成分“thestreetwasfullofdebris(碎片)”可知，此处指被地震毁坏的树。故选C。BAC The

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insuchasituationwasdifficult.Ourphonesdidn'tworkbecauseoftheearthquake.Soitwas

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tofindoutifourfriendswereokay.IhadnowayoflettingmyfamilyinChina

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thatIwasstillalive.Ijusthopedthattheywouldn'thearabouttheearthquakeuntilthenextday.()7.A．communication B．discussion C．Education【解析】考查名词辨析。communication“通讯，交流”；discussion“讨论”；education“教育”。由“Ourphonesdidn'tworkbecauseoftheearthquake.”可知，电话不能用了，通讯很困难。故选A。()8.A．necessary B．impossible C．Important【解析】考查形容词辨析。necessary“必需的”；impossible“不可能的”；important“重要的”。由“Ourphonesdidn'tworkbecauseoftheearthquake”可知，电话不能用了，所以不可能知道朋友是否安全。故选B。()9.A．remember B．imagine C．know【解析】考查动词辨析。remember“记得”；imagine“想象”；know“知道”。由“Ijusthopedthattheywouldn'thearabouttheearthquakeuntilthenextday.”可知，是让家人知道自己没事。故选C。ABC Finally,Irealizedthatpeople's

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seemsosmallandfragile(脆弱的)whenwefacethenaturaldisaster.Soaslongaswearealive,weshouldtryourbesttodowhatwewanttodoandlivehappily.()10.A．futures B．choices C．lives【解析】考查名词辨析。future“未来”；choice“选择”；life“生命”。由后一句“Soaslongaswearealive，weshouldtryourbesttodowhatwewanttodoandlivehappily.”可知此处表示生命是脆弱的。故选C。C【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在一次地震中的所见所感。第二部分阅读理解第一节阅读下面一个语篇，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。A

(2022•南充改编)

人身安全与自我保护【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了介绍应对炎热天气的一些方法。11．Whichsituationisthemostdangerousaccordingtothematerial？()A．Anoldmaninapark.B．Adisabledwomaninahouse.C．Anoutsideworkerataconstructionplace.【解析】细节理解题。由WHERE中内容及生活常识可知室外温度是最高的，故“Constructionplaces”是最危险的地方。故选C。C12．

Whichonecanshowtherelationshipbetweentimeandthetemperatureinacar?()【解析】图片理解题。由“OutsideTemperature27℃”中内容可知，选项C的变化图与之相符。故选C。C13．

Whereisthematerialprobablyfrom?()A．Asafetynotice.B．Atravelguide.C．Aweatherreport.【解析】材料出处题。本文主要介绍应对炎热天气的一些方法，所以推测可能是一个安全通知。故选A。A14．

What'sthepurposeofthematerial?()A．Towarnpeoplenottostayinthecar.B．Toremindpeopletowearlightweightclothes.C．Toteachpeoplehowtopreventheat-relateddeaths.【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要介绍应对炎热天气的一些方法，结合“Heat-relateddeathscanbeprevented.”可知，是教人们如何预防与高温有关的死亡。故选C。CB

自然灾害与防范措施 Seriousfloods(洪水)sweptsouthernprovincessuchasGuangdong,Guangxi,FujianandJiangxiinChinain2022.Morethanhundredsofthousandsofpeoplehavebeeninfluenced.Sowheninthefaceofaflashflood,whatshouldwedotokeepsafe? Beforeaflood

⑮Makeanemergencykit(应急包)includingwater,canned(罐装的)food,aflashlightandafirst-aidkit.Keepitinaneasy-to-reachplace. Putyourvaluables(suchasmoney,gold…)inwaterproof(防水的)bagsandkeepthemsomewheresafe. Duringaflood Lookoutforfloodwarnings.

⑯Headtohighergroundandstaythere. Don'ttrytowalkordrivethroughfloodedareas,astheycanbedeeperthanyourealize. Leaveyourcarassoonaspossible. Afteraflood Don'treturnhomeatonce.Keepfollowingthelatestlocalnews.

⑰Rememberthatviruses(病毒)canspreadafteraflood.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当山洪暴发时，我们应该做些什么来保证安全。15．YoucanseethefollowingthingsinanemergencykitEXCEPT

.()A．abook B．aflashlight C．abottleofwater【解析】细节理解题。由Beforeaflood下面的“Makeanemergencykit(应急包)includingwater,canned(罐装的)food,aflashlightandfirstQ000Qaidkit.”可知，应急包里面的物品包括水、罐装食品、手电筒和急救箱，没有书。故选A。A16．Whenafloodcomes,youshould

.()A．stayinyourcarandwaitforhelpB．takeallyourvaluablethingswithyouC．gotoahigherplacetostayawayfromdanger【解析】细节理解题。由Duringaflood下面的“Headtohighergroundandstaythere.”可知，当洪水到来时，应该往高处走，并待在那里。故选C。C17．Fromthepassageweknowthat

.()A．wecaneasilyseehowdeepthefloodedareasareB．weshouldprotectourselvesfromvirusesafterafloodC．weshouldgohomeasquicklyaswecanwhenafloodisover【解析】推理判断题。由Afteraflood下面的“Rememberthatviruses(病毒)canspreadafteraflood.”可知，病毒可以在洪水过后传播，我们应该保护自己免受病毒侵袭。故选B。B18．

What'sthetexttypeofthereadingmaterial？()A．Anad. B．Aposter. C．Areport.【解析】材料出处题。由文章内容可知，本文是一个教育人们预防洪水的海报。故选B。BA．Atschool，weoftenhavepractice.B．Andusuallythereisalotofdamage.C．Thisisbecausetherearealotoftornadoes.D．That'swhythisareaiscalled“TornadoAlley”．E．Whenthewarningscome,peoplefollowtheirdisasterplans.F．Inordertostaysafeinnaturaldisasters,weshouldgetwellprepared.第二节阅读下面一篇短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一个为多余选项。

(2022•陕西改编)

自然灾害与防范措施 EveryyearintheU．S.thereareabout500tornadoes,anaturaldisaster，fromTexasthroughOklahoma,Kansas,Nebraska,IowaandintoSouthDakota.19.______

【解析】由前句“EveryyearintheU．S.thereareabout500tornadoes，anaturaldisaster,fromTexasthroughOklahoma，Kansas，Nebraska，IowaandintoSouthDakota.”可知，说的是龙卷风，结合选项，应说这就是为什么这个地区被称为“龙卷风走廊”。故选D。D The“tornadoseason”isusuallyinspring,butthepeopleinTornadoAlleyarealwaysreadyforthemandtheyalwayslistentothenews.20.______Theyfindsomewheresafetostay.Athome,thebestplaceisthebasement—aroomthatisusedtostorethingsundertheleveloftheground.Ifthereisnobasement,aroomwithoutwindowslikethebathroomisalsoasafeplace.【解析】由后一句“Theyfindsomewheresafetostay.”可知，说的是说人们有他们的灾难计划。故选E。E “21.______Thenwecangetreadyandwon'tfeelafraidwhenthere'satornado，”saysTiffanyTaylor,ahighschoolstudentfromTexas.“There'snobasementatmyschool