Unit 7 课时5 Section B3a-Self Check【学案】（核心提要+精讲专练） 人教版 八年级下册英语教材讲义

Unit7What’sthehighestmountainintheworld？课时5SectionB（3a-SelfCheck)Learningaims:1.Tolearnaboutwhalesandwhytheyneedtobeprotected2.Topracticetheuseofthecomparativesandsuperlativesofadjectives重点词汇和短语(一)数据描述类短语1.550米深_____________________ 2.8,844米高_____________________3.2,400公里长_____________________ 4.960万平方公里_____________________5.10千克_____________________ 6.300年历史_____________________(二)含最高级的短语1.最长/短的河流_____________________ 2.最大/小的沙漠_____________________3.最重/轻的熊猫_____________________ 4.最多/少的竹子_____________________5.最危险的运动_____________________ 6.最普遍的问题_____________________7.最著名的部分_____________________ 8.最深的咸水湖_____________________9.最高的山脉_____________________ 10.最多的人口_____________________(三)其他短语1.每两年_____________________ 2.……的重要性_____________________3.濒危动物_____________________ 4.就我所知_____________________5.水污染_____________________ 6.主要的原因之一______________________7.长城之旅_____________________ 8.登山_____________________9.出生时_____________________10.到达(某数量、程度等)；至多有；不多于_____________________11.绊倒_____________________ 12.大约_____________________（一）形容词、副词的比较等级1.形容词和副词的比较级与最高级的变化规则（1）规则变化情况规则例词一般情况直接加-es/-esttall→taller→tallest以不发音的字母e结尾的词加-r/-stnice→nicer→nicest以＂辅音字母+y＂结尾的词变y为i，再加-er/-estdry→drier→driestheavy→heavier→heaviest以一个辅音字母结尾的词先双写辅音字母，再加-er/-estthin→thinner→thinnest多音节和部分双音节单词在词前加more/mostdelicious→moredelicious→mostdelicious（2）不规则变化原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestbad,illworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest2.形容词/副词原级的用法（1）用于＂as...as...＂结构中，否定形式为notas/so...as...。Thispictureisnotsogoodasthatone.这幅画不如那幅好。LiHua’sshoesareas________asZhangHui’s.A.cheap B.cheaper C.thecheapest（2）表示＂A是B的……倍＂时，用A＋谓语动词＋倍数＋as＋原级＋asB。Ourschoolistwiceaslargeastheirs.我们学校是他们学校的两倍大。（3）修饰形容词原级的词：very，too，so，enough等。Thegirlissobeautiful.这个女孩是如此的漂亮。3.形容词/副词比较级的用法（1）A＋谓语动词＋比较级＋thanB...A比B……Mybikeismorebeautifulthanhers.我的自行车比她的好看。Peteris15yearsold.Heis_________thanhisfather.A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.thetallest（2）Which/Who＋谓语动词＋比较级，AorB?Whorunsfaster,JimorTom?谁跑得更快，吉姆还是汤姆？—Whichseasondoyoulike__________inPanzhihua,thedryseasonorrainyseason?—Therainyseason.A.wellB.betterC.bestD.thebest（3）表示＂越来越……＂时用比较级的重叠结构，即＂比较级＋and＋比较级＂，多音节词和部分双音节词用＂moreandmore＋原级＂。It’sbecomingcolderandcolder.天气变得越来越冷了。Theproblemisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.问题变得越来越严重了。—Royneverlikesjunkfood.—NeitherdoI.That’sprobablywhyI’mbecoming_______now.A.healthyandweak B.healthierandhealthierC.weakerandweaker D.moreandmorehealthily（4）表示＂越……就越……＂时用＂the＋比较级，the＋比较级＂。Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake.你越细心，犯的错就会越少。Theearlierkidslearntobeindependent,the__________itisfortheirfuture.A.goodB.wellC.betterD.best（5）表示＂两者之间比较……的一个＂时常用＂the＋比较级＋ofthetwo＂。Heisthethinnerofthetwo.他是两个中较瘦的那一个。Ofthetwoshirts,I’dliketochoosethe__________onetosavesomemoneyforacap.A.cheapestB.cheaperC.moreexpensiveD.mostexpensive（6）修饰比较级的词和短语有alittle，abit，alot，much，far，even等。YouarealittlethinnerthanJim.你比吉姆瘦点儿。Theboxwas_______thanIhadexpected.IwasoutofbreathwhenIgothome.A.moreheavier B.muchheavierC.littleheavierD.veryheavier4.形容词/副词最高级用法（1）三者或三者以上比较用最高级，形容词最高级前加the，副词可不加。句末常跟in/of短语表示范围。Tomisthecleverestinhisclass.汤姆是他班里最聪明的。Herunsfastestintheclass.在这个班里他跑得最快。—Lilyhastwosisters,doesn’tshe?—Yes.She’stallerandolderthanhertwosisters,butshe’snot_________oneofthethree.A.thetallestB.youngestC.shortestD.thecleverest（2）Which/Who＋谓语动词＋the＋形容词/副词最高级，A，BorC?Whoisthetallest,Tom,KateorBill?谁是最高的，汤姆、凯特还是比尔？—Whichcityis_________________beautiful,Hangzhou,BeijingorShanghai?—Hangzhou,Ithink.A.themostB.thebetterC.more（3）表示＂最……的……之一＂时用oneof＋the＋形容词最高级＋复数名词。MissXuisoneofthemostpopularteachersinourschool.徐老师是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。Thistempleisoneof_________________buildingsinthetown.Wemusttakeactiontoprotectit.A.oldB.olderC.oldestD.theoldest（4）表示＂第几最……＂时，可在最高级前加序数词。TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黄河是中国的第二长河。【注意】有些形容词，如dead，empty，round，sure，woolen等受本身含义的限制，没有比较级。（二）基数词基数词(1)1—10one,two,three,...ten(2)11—20eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,...twenty(3)21—99twenty-one,...ninety-nine(4)百位数101——onehundredandone注意百位与十位间加and(5)千位数以上从数字的右端往左数，每三位数加一个逗号＂，＂，从右开始第一个前面的数字加thousand，第二个逗号前的数字加million，第三个逗号前的数字加billion，然后一节一节分别表示。2,648——twothousandsixhundredandforty-eight16,250,164——sixteenmilliontwohundredandfiftythousandonehundredandsixty-four5,237,166,234——fivebilliontwohundredandthirty-sevenmilliononehundredandsixty-sixthousandandtwohundredandthirty-four表示＂数以百计＂用hundredsof；＂成千上万＂用thousandsof；＂数百万＂用millionsof；＂数十亿＂用billionsof，且它们前面不可加任何具体的数词。也就是说当hundred，thousand，million，billion前有具体的数词时，其后不能加­s；但当hundred，thousand，million，billion与of连用时，则用其复数形式，表示不确定的数目，其前不能有具体的数词。Therearehundredsofforeignstudentsintheirschool.他们学校有数百名外国学生。Sixhundredbooksweresenttothechildren.六百本书被邮寄给了孩子们。学@科网巧记hundred，thousand，million的用法：模糊数目两有（有s，有of），具体数目两无（无s，无of）。一、单项选择1．Qomolangmaisabout8844.43meters________.It’sthehighestmountainintheworld.A．long B．wide C．high D．deep2．Thefansshoutedwith_________whentheysawthefamoussinger.A．exciting B．excite C．excited D．excitement3．Ifmorepeoplegotoworkbybus,therewillbe________airpollution.A．fewer B．less C．fewest D．least4．Ithinktherewillbe_______airpollutionwhenthereare________peopledriving.A．less,less B．less,fewer C．fewer,less5．________studentseatlunchatschooleveryweekday.A．Hundredsof B．Hundreds C．Twohundredof二、用所给单词适当形式填空6．It’seven________(importance)foreachfamilytohavehappychildrenthansuccessfulchildren.7．It’sthe________(ugly)cityIhaveeverseeninthisbeautifulcountry.8．Sallythinksnewsis________(education)thancomedies.9．Thisisthe________(good)CDIhaveevergot.Wheredidyoubuyit?10．Ofallthesubjects,Englishis________(interesting)forme.完形填空WhereverPaulHortongoes,hissix-year-olddogYogiwalkscloselybehindhim.Theyhavealwaysbeenbestfriends.OneOctobermorning,Hortonwas____11____hisbikeintheneighborhood.Yogiran____12____besidehismaster(主人).Yogihaddoneiteverymorningfornearlythreeyears.____13____theycametoatallstoneedge(边缘),Hortonwantedtojumpdownfromhisbike.ButthewheelhitthestoneandHortonfelldown____14____.AsHortontriedtorise,he____15____thesituationwasverybad.Hecouldn’tfeelhislegs.WhenHortonwas____16____ontheground,Yogiwasbyhissidenervously.Hortonsaid,“Gohome,Yogi.Goandget____17____tohelp.”Hortonsaidthewordsslowly,againandagain.____18____,Yogirefusedtoleave.ButHortoncontinuedaskingYogitogo.Finally,thedog____19____.Thatmorning,BruceTateandMaggieTate,twoofHorton’sneighbors,weretakingawalk.WhentheysawYogirunningdownthestreetalone,theythoughtitwasvery____20____.Thedogneverdidthatbefore.Sotheydecidedto____21____Yogitoseewhathappened.Thewaitwasagony(痛苦)forHorton.WhenheheardthesoundofYogi,he____22____hiseyesandsawtheTates.TheyweresurprisedatHorton’sconditionandtheysenthimtothehospitalquickly.____23____hehastomoveinawheelchair(轮椅)now,Hortonfeelsbetter.HortonsaysthatYogiandhearemuchcloserafterthe____24____.“I’mverythankfultoYogi.Heplayedavery____25____roleinsavingmylife.He’smywatchdogandmyhero,”Hortonsays.11．A．carrying B．repairing C．making D．riding12．A．finally B．suddenly C．happily D．seriously13．A．When B．Which C．Where D．What14．A．happily B．heavily C．recently D．carefully15．A．wondered B．explained C．caused D．realized16．A．sleeping B．training C．lying D．relaxing17．A．everyone B．someone C．anything D．nothing18．A．Atfirst B．Atmost C．Atleast D．Atlast19．A．dieddown B．tookdown C．ranaway D．gaveaway20．A．proper B．normal C．typical D．strange21．A．push B．follow C．beat D．sell22．A．opened B．chose C．became D．minded23．A．However B．Unless C．Though D．Because24．A．storm B．report C．party D．accident25．A．traditional B．important C．famous D．dangerous阅读理解AAllaboard!Let’stakearideontheworld’shighestrailway—theQinghai-TibetRailway（青藏铁路）.Sitbackandenjoythejourney.Getreadyforthetripofalifetime.We’releavingQinghaiStation.ThesceneryalongthewayissomeofthewildestinallofChina.Keepyoureyesopenasweracethroughthisbeautifulland.YoumightseearareTibetanantelope（藏羚羊）fromyourwindow.Beforewebeginourjourney,let’slearnaboutthisamazingrailway.It’strulyoneofthegreatengineeringwondersofthe21stcentury.WhenitwascompletedonJuly1,2006,theTibetRailwaysetnineworldrecords,includingtheworld’shighestrailwayat5,072metresabovesealevel,theworld’shighesttunnel（隧道）at4,905metres,andthelongesttunneleverbuiltonpermafrost（冻土）.Aswetravelhigher,theairgetsthinnerandthinner.Soontherewillonlybe50to60percentoftheoxygenwhichweareusedtobreathing.Butdon’tbeafraid.Eachrailcarhastwoseparateoxygensystems.Onesystemspreadsoxygenthroughoutthetrainatalltimes.Andeachpassengercanalsogetapersonaloxygenmaskjustlikethoseusedinplanes.Hereareafewmorethingstothinkaboutasourtrainleavesthestation.Thedesignerssolvedthreemainchallengeswhenbuildingthisgreatrailway.First,thehighaltitude（海拔）madethetaskdifficultbecausetherewasnoenoughoxygen.Second,muchoftherailwayrunsacrosspermafrost,atypeofgroundthatkeepschangingastheweatherwarmsandcools.Finally,therailwaygoesthroughsomeofthemostsensitiveecology（敏感的生态环境）inChina.Greatcarewasnecessarytomakesureofthesmallestpossibleinfluenceonnature.Allthreechallengesweremet,makingourtrippossible.Allaboard!ThetraintoTibetisleavinginfifteenminutes.26．Wherearethepassengers?A．Onabus. B．Onatrain. C．Onaship. D．Onaplane.27．Howdoesthetextshowtherailwayisamazinginparagraph3?A．Bytellingastory. B．Byusingadesigner’swords.C．Byintroducingitsworldrecords. D．Bycomparingthepresentwiththepast.28．Howmanyoxygensystemsarethereineachrailcar?A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.29．Whichofthefollowingincreasedthedifficultyofbuildingtherailway?A．Thechangingground. B．Thepollutedair. C．Thedangerousanimals. D．Thehotweather.BQomolangmaisthethirdmountainoftheHimalayas,soitiscalledtheThirdGodMountaininTibetanlanguage.Qomolangmaisveryfamousanditishigherthananyothermountainintheworld.Itsnewestheightis8,848.86meters,whichwasannouncedonDecember8th,2020.Attheheightof8,000meters,thereisonly30%O2andthehumanbodycanonlystandthisheightforafewdays,soitisdangerousforhumanstoclimbhigher.Butmanyclimberswanttochallengethemselvesinthefaceofdifficulties.AsAlanArnette,amountainclimberfromAmerica,said“Climbingmountainsdrivesyoutolookdeepinsideyourself,andletsyoufindoutwhetheryouarehealthyenoughandstrongenoughinmindwhenyouwanttostop.”It’sagoodthingthatQomolangmagivespeopleachancetobecomestrong-willed(意志坚强的)whentryingtoachievetheirdreams.▲becausemanypeopleleavetheirwastebehind,suchaswaterbottlesandplasticbags.TheycausetheenvironmentalpollutionforQomolangma.Manylocalfarmerssaidtheirsheepandcowswoulddieaftereatingtheplasticbagsanditwastoodifficulttocleanthemup.Luckily,manyvolunteersfromallovertheworldcametoQomolangmatojoinintheclean-upactivity.Avolunteeradvised,“WhenclimbingQomolangma,mountainclimbingloversshouldalwaystakegoodcareofthemselves,andatthesametime,takegoodcareofQomolangma.”30．What’sthenewestheightofQomolangma?A．8,000meters. B．8,844.43meters. C．8,848.86meters. D．8,848.84meters.31．AccordingtoAlan’swords,________toclimbmountains.A．youhadbetterforget B．youwillbeingreatdangerC．youneedtobehealthyenough D．you’llknowbetteraboutyourself32．Whichcanbethebestsentencefor▲?A．However,theseyears,QomolangmaisindangerB．ClimbersareeasytofalldownonthemountainC．ItisveryhardtotakeinairasyougetnearthetopD．Butitshowsthathumanscansometimesbestronger33．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”refertoinParagraph3?A．Localfarmers. B．Cowsandsheep. C．Plasticbags. D．Waterbottles.34．What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A．Qomolangma. B．Climbers. C．Himalayas. D．TibetanLanguage.【答案】30．C

31．D

32．A

33．C

34．A【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了珠穆朗玛峰，并告诉我们要照顾好