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语法专题突破专题三不容忽视的小词考点分层演练语篇导入一、不定冠词a/an

MyfriendLindaisanhonestgirl①studyinginauniversity①.Weareofanage②;webothlikemilkandwedrinkacupofmilk③

aday④.Sowethinkacow⑤isveryuseful.一冠词不定冠词的用法①表示泛指“某个”。当说话人第一次提及某人、某物时通常用不定冠词;在读音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a,在读音以元音音素开头的单词前用an。②表示“同一”。③表示“一”这个数量,但数的概念没有one强烈。④表示“每一”,相当于per。⑤表示“一类”事物。难点精析1.不定冠词a/an用在序数词前,表示“再一,又一”。Hemissedthegoldmedalinthehighjump,buthewillgetasecondchanceinthelongjump.他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌,但是在跳远比赛中他还有机会。2.不定冠词a/an可以用于物质名词或抽象名词具体化。物质名词或抽象名词仅表示概念时,是不可数名词,前面不加不定冠词。但如果表示具体的人或事,特别是前面有形容词修饰时,就变成了可数名词,前面可加不定冠词。Tonyisafamouspianist.I'mabsolutelycertainthathisconcertthisSundaywillbeasuccess.托尼是一位著名的钢琴家,我十分确信这个星期天他的音乐会一定会成功。3.有些名词是永久性不可数名词,即使前面有了形容词,也不能在形容词前加a/an。如weather,progress,fun等。Whatfineweatherwehavegot!Let'sgoforapicnic.多好的天气啊,我们去野餐吧。4.不定冠词常见的固定搭配haveagiftfor有……的天赋haveaholiday度假getalift/ride搭便车payavisitto参观lendsb.ahand帮助某人asaresult因此asarule通常,照例inahurry匆忙地atadistance离一段距离awasteof...……的浪费Whatapity!真遗憾!be/goonadiet节食acollectionof...一批……

aknowledgeof知道haveagoodtime玩得高兴makealiving谋生asamatteroffact事实上haveahistoryof...有一段……的历史inasense/way在某种意义上forawhile暂时;一时allofasudden突然amatterof...……的问题即时训练1单句语法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Shortwritingsmissedas____resultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)FitnessMagazinerecentlyran_____articletitled“FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkoutPartner”.③(2022·全国甲卷)Everyweekendthisis“Wales”premiercomedyclubwherehaving____greattimeistheorderforbothaudiencesandcomedystarsalike.aana④(2022·全国乙卷)ScottishNationalPortraitGallerypresents____seriesoflecturesforthegeneralpublic.⑤InChineseculture,eachyearisrelatedto____Chineseanimalaccordingtothe12-yearcycle.⑥Henotonlyisthebeststudentinourclass,butalsohas_____excellentsenseofhumour.aaan语篇导入二、定冠词the

Mr.SmithisateacherfromtheUnitedStates①.Hewasthefirst②foreignteacherIhadmet.Inthe1990s③,heandhiswifeweretravelingalongtheYangtzeRiver④whenashipwrecked.TheSmiths⑤cameuptohelptheinjured⑥andsavedaboybycatchinghimbythearm⑦.Theboy'sparentssaidtheywerethekindest⑧peopleintheworld⑨.Theywouldrememberthecouple⑩forever.定冠词的用法①用于普通名词构成的专有名词之前。②用于序数词之前。③用在世纪前或用在逢十的年代前,后者表示“在某世纪几十年代”。④用于江河湖海山岛前。⑤用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前,表示“一家人”或“夫妻俩”。⑥用在形容词或分词前,表示某一类人或物。⑦摸/打/抓(等表动作的动词)+sb.+介词+the+身体部位。⑧用于形容词或副词的最高级前。⑨用在世界上独一无二的事物前。⑩表示上文已经提到过的人或事物。难点精析1.被演奏的西洋乐器前用the。但是球类棋类之前却没有冠词。AsfarasIknow,helikesplayingthepianobutdoesn'tlikeplayingfootball.据我所知,他喜欢弹钢琴却不喜欢踢足球。2.用在表计量的名词前,如bythehour,bytheday,bythedozen,bythemeter等。但是如果是抽象名词前,则不用冠词,如byweight,bytime,bylength,bysize等。Igotpaidbytime.Tobeexact,Igotpaidbythehour.我按时间拿报酬,确切地说,我是按小时拿钱。3.定冠词的常见固定搭配atthemoment此刻;目前intheend最后;最终totellthetruth说实话ontheotherhand另一方面bytheway顺便说一下inthemiddleof...在……中间atthesametime同时onthecontrary相反onthewhole总的来说inthedistance在远处tothepoint中肯;切题makethemost/bestof充分利用即时训练2单句语法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)______ChinesegovernmentrecentlyfinalizedaplantosetupaGiantPandaNationalPark(GPNP).②(2022·全国甲卷)Ifyouarelookingfor______bestcomediesontourandbrilliantlivemusic,youshouldstarthere.③(2022·全国甲卷)Iremember______firsttimeIsawahumpbackwhale;itjustroseoutofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.Thethethe④(2022·全国甲卷)On______otherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.⑤(2022·全国乙卷)When______sunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.⑥The“Spider-story”isoftentold.RobertBruce,leaderoftheScotsin______13thcentury,washidinginacavefromtheEnglish.⑦______Greensareahappycouple;theyhavebeenmarriedfor30years.⑧______injuredhavebeensenttohospitalwheretheywillbetreated.the

thetheTheThe语篇导入三、零冠词Whenlearningthatteachers①arebadlyneededinremotedistricts①,Lilyvolunteeredtoteachinaremoteplace.Localpeoplehavemadeherheadmaster②oftheschoolsinceherarrivalandsheteachesChinese③,maths③,andEnglish③herselffromspringtowinter④

andfromMondaytoSunday④.Onweekends,sheteachesthemtoplayvolleyballandchess⑤.Whenshefindsmanychildrenattendingschoolwithouthavinglunch⑥,sheraisesmoney①forthechildren'smeals.零冠词常用的几种情况①表泛指的复数名词或不可数名词前。②表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时。③表示语言、学科的名词前不用冠词。④季节、月份、日期、星期、节假日前不用冠词。⑤球类运动、棋类游戏的名词前不用冠词。⑥一日三餐前一般不加冠词。难点精析1.用于固定结构中的零冠词“零冠词+单数名词+as/though+主语+系动词,主句”,意为“虽然……但是……”。Youngmanasheis,hehasseenmuchoftheworld.尽管他很年轻,但他阅历很丰富。2.no与such连用时要放在such之前,such后的名词前不用冠词。Asthesayinggoes,thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch.Ifyouwantsomething,goandearnit.常言说,天下没有免费的午餐。如果你想要什么,就得去挣。3.零冠词的常见固定搭配onpurpose故意地bychance碰巧catchfire着火atdawn在黎明facetoface面对面outofdate过时的makeroomfor让位indebt负债inshape健康onfoot步行indanger在危险中sidebyside并排fromtimetotime不时地handinhand手拉手dayafterday日复一日地heartandsoul全心全意地即时训练3单句改错①ShestartedworkingthereintheJanuary.__________②Weusuallyhavethebreakfastat7o'clock.__________③I'minterestedintheEnglish,whilemybrotherisfondofthelanguageofFrench.________________去掉the去掉the去掉第一个the④Dr.PeterSpence,aheadmasteroftheschool,toldus,“AfifthofpupilsheregoontostudyatOxfordorCambridge.”______________去掉第一个a解题策略技巧一注意泛指还是特指如果空格后的名词或“形容词+名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。1.如果空格及后面的名词在文中第一次出现,可翻译成“一个(本、种等)”,一般填a/an;如果是前文已经提到过,可翻译成“这/那个,这/那些”,一般填the。2.如果名词后有of短语、不定式、分词或从句等作定语时很可能填the。技巧二注意固定搭配语篇导入一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词

I①amaseniorschoolstudentandI①wanttojoinour③schoolfootballteam,butthepersoninchargerejectedme②.Ihavetospendmy③sparetimepracticingfootballtoimprovemyself④.Look!Thefootballunderthebedismine⑤.Ithasbeenwornout.二代词①为人称代词的主格形式作主语。②为人称代词的宾格形式作宾语。③为形容词性物主代词,放在名词之前作定语。④为反身代词,可作宾语、表语或同位语。⑤为名词性物主代词,后面不加名词,可作主语、宾语或表语。难点精析一、代词的形式类别人称代词主格人称代词宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称Imemyminemyselfweusouroursourselves第二人称youyouyouryoursyourselfyouyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitselftheythemtheirtheirsthemselves二、it的用法1.指天气、时间、距离、环境等Itisearlyspring,butitisalreadyhot.现在是初春,但是天气已经很热了。Itistwentymilesfromheretothevillage.从这里到那个村庄有20英里路。2.代替前面提过的事物、群体、想法等或代替指示代词Althoughhedidn'tlikeit,Idecidedtoseethemovieanyway.尽管他不喜欢看这部电影,但我还是决定去看一看。3.指不知性别的孩子和婴儿或不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知对方是谁)Whatwillyoucallitifitisaboy?要是男孩的话,你会给他取个什么名字?4.用作形式主语或形式宾语,代替不定式、动名词或从句(1)it作形式主语的常用句型:①It+be+adj./n.+for/ofsb.+不定式ItisimportantforstudentstolearnEnglishwell.对学生来说学好英语是重要的。Itwasfoolishofhimtoleavethedooropenafterhelefttheoffice.离开办公室之后,他还让门开着,真是糊涂了。②Itisnogood/use/uselessdoingsth.做某事是没有好处/用处的。Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.为打翻的牛奶而哭泣是没有用处的。③It+be+名词词组(apity/afact/nowonder...)/adj.+that从句Itisapitythatyoucan'tgowithher.很遗憾你不能和她一起去。④It+特殊动词(seem/appear/turnout/occurtosb....)+that从句Itseemsthathehasmadeaseriousmistake.他似乎犯了一个严重错误。⑤It+be+过去分词+that从句Itwasreportedthat20peoplewerekilledintheearthquake.据报道有20人死于这场地震。⑥Ittakessb.time/patience/effort/energytodosth.Ittookhimmuchenergytowritethenovel.写这部小说花费了他大量的精力。(2)it作形式宾语的常用句型:主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep...+it+adj./n.+(for/ofsb.)todo/that从句IfinditeasytogetonwithJim.我发现同吉姆相处很容易。Hedidn'tmakeitclearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.他没说清楚何时何地举行会议。(3)用于like,enjoy,hate,love,appreciate等表示喜欢、憎恶等情感的动词以及dependon/upon,seeto等动词短语后,再接when,if,that等引导的从句。I'dappreciateitifyoucouldattendourparty.如果您能参加我们的聚会,我将不胜感激。5.用于强调句型中,用来强调句子成分中的主语、宾语和状语句型结构:Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who(被强调部分为人)+其他ItwasyesterdaythatIsawhiminthestreet.是昨天我在街道见到他了。即时训练1单句语法填空①(2022·全国甲卷)AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefound__________(her)greetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguinslongingtosayhello.②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(结构),making_____easiertoproducesuchsounds.③(2022·浙江卷)Iwentuptomynewteammateandintroduced______(I).herselfitmyself④(2022·全国甲卷)_____ishardtonameacomedystarwhohasn'tbeenonthestagehere.⑤(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Iquicklysearchedthecrowdfortheschool'scoachandasked______(he)whathadhappened.⑥Whentoldthatitwasalosstohumans,thefarmersburstintolaughterandresponded,“Ourreallossis______(we)decreasingincome.”⑦Whilemakingachoicefromvariouswaysofspendingourtime,weoughttoensuresomethingthatrestoresourlostenergyandcheers_____(we)up.

Ithimourus⑧Givenhope,Iamconvincedthatabreakthroughcancomeatanyageifwehavefaithinourselvesandkeeplearningandworkingfor_____.it语篇导入二、不定代词

1.all,every,both,each,none,neitherThereare50studentsinmyclass.Thoughnotall①ofusarestudyingwell,weall①studyhard.Everystudent②hasadreamuniversity,thoughnoteverystudent②canbeadmittedtoafamousone.MydeskmateandIboth③likemusic,butbothofusdon't③wanttoenteramusicinstitute.Each④ofushaschosenourfuturecollege.Wehave14teachersinall,none⑤ofwhomtreatusbadly.However,mydeskmateandIareboth③fat,soneither⑥ofuslovePEclasses.①all指三者或三者以上的人或物的“全部”。作主语时,谓语动词通常依据所指为可数名词还是不可数名词而定;与not连用表示部分否定。②every强调(整体中的)每一个,只能作定语,修饰单数可数名词,表示三者或三者以上中的“每一个”,与not连用构成部分否定。③both表示“两者(都)”。作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;与not连用表示部分否定,意为“两者并不都……”。④each强调个体,可作代词和形容词,修饰单数可数名词,指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”,可以与of短语连用。作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;作同位语时,谓语动词的数和主语保持一致。⑤none表示“(三者及三者以上中)无一个”或“没有一点儿”。后接of短语作主语时,谓语动词用单复数皆可。⑥neither表示“(两者)都不”。单独作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;后接of短语作主语时,谓语动词用单复数皆可。2.anything,nothing,something,everything—Doyouhaveanything①tosayaboutyourexam?—No,Ihavenothing②tosayaboutit.—Ihopeyoucansharesomething③specialaboutyourschool.—IhavetoldyouthatIdon'thaveanything①tosayaboutit.Everything④hasgonewrong.①anything表示“任何事物;一些事”时,用于否定句和疑问句中;表示“随便什么事物”,用于肯定句中。②nothing表示“什么也没有;没有什么东西”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。③something表示“某事(物)”,一般用于肯定句中。④everything表示“一切”,强调全体,但谓语动词要用单数。3.theother,another,others,theothers—Excuseme.CanyouexchangethisT-shirtforanother①one?Someothers②sayitdoesn'tfitmewell.—Ofcourse.ThisT-shirtcomesintwosizes;youcantryontheother③one.—Don'tbother.TherearesomanyshopsandIwillgotoseetheothers④.①another泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”,代替单数可数名词。②others表示泛指意义,意为“其他的人或事物”,常与some连用。③theother可单独使用,特指两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”。④特指“整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部人或事物”时用theothers。4.替代词that,those,one,ones,theone,theonesIfoundabeautifulcoatinashop,butitwasveryexpensive.Luckily,Ifoundone①lookingthesameonlineanditwasmuchcheaperthanthat②/theone③inthephysicalshop.However,whenIreceivedthecoat,Irealizedthoughtheones④soldonlineweremuchcheaper,theywerenotasgoodasthose⑤inphysicalshops.Iwouldratherspendmoremoneyonbetterones⑥withhighquality.①one替代上文出现的单数可数名词,相当于“a/an+单数名词”。②that替代上文出现的表示物的可数名词单数或不可数名词(有后置定语),相当于“the+单数名词/不可数名词”。③theone替代特指的可数名词单数,相当于“the+单数名词”。④theones替代上文出现的复数名词,相当于“the+可数名词复数”。⑤those替代上文出现的复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时),相当于“the+可数名词复数”。⑥ones替代上文出现的复数名词。所替代名词都是同类不同物;同类同物替代用it/them。难点精析1.another后可接“基数词/few+复数名词”,表示“另外的……(多少)”。“基数词/few+other+复数名词”也表示“另外的……(多少)”。Anotherthreestudentswenttothatparty.=Threeotherstudentswenttothatparty.另外3个学生去了那个聚会。2.noone,none,nobody,nothing以及“no与名词连用”等都表示全部否定。当not与不定代词all,both,everyone,everybody,everything等或“every+名词”连用时,不管not在它们之前还是之后,都表示部分否定。Noneofuswasgoingtotheparty.我们当中没人打算去参加那个聚会。Notallofthemsmoke.=Allofthemdon'tsmoke.他们当中不是所有人都吸烟。即时训练2单句语法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thecore(核心)ofyourrelationshipisthatyouwillalwaysbetheretohelpeach________.②(2022·全国甲卷)Then,oneafter_____________,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortofthere—broadparks,superbbeaches,andaculturallydiversepopulation.③(2022·全国甲卷)Thedisagreementwassosharpthat__________henorIknewwhattosettleit.otheranotherneither④Nobodylikestotalkaboutdeath,buttherealityis—everyoneisgoingtodieatonepoint,but_______ofusknowtheday,orthehour.⑤Mr.Zhanggavemeaveryvaluablepresent,______thatIhaveneverseen.⑥I’mmovingtothecountrysidebecausetheairthereismuchfresherthan_______inthecity.noneonethat解题策略1.通过句子成分确定所填代词的形式如果作主语,则用人称代词的主格;如果作宾语或表语,则用人称代词的宾格;如果作定语,则用形容词性物主代词;如果作宾语、表语或同位语且又和句子的主语为同一人或物,则用反身代词。2.通过句式结构和“指代”,判断是否用it如果指代上文提到的同一个事物,则用it;如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况则用it;如果作形式主语或形式宾语,则用it;注意一些固定用法:dislike/hate/appreciate/dependon/seeto...+it+从句。语篇导入1.表示方位的介词Wewalkedacross①thebeach,through②thewoodsandfinallycameto③thehousewhichwasunder④thebigtreemarkedin⑤themap.Aftersteppinginto⑥thehouse,wefoundasmallblacktable,over⑦whichwasalamp.Thenwelookedaround⑧,andmyfriendfoundsomethingspecial—anemptybox.Beneath⑨itwasanotesaying,“Standbeside⑩thewindowandlookoutof⑪it.”

From⑫thewindowwesawanotherhousebeyond⑬asmallhill.三介词①across指从较为平坦的表面穿过。②through指从立体的事物中间穿过。③to指到某处,去某处。④under在……下面,无接触面。⑤in在……里面。⑥into到……里面。⑦over在……正上方(无接触面);on在……上面(有接触面)。⑧around在/向……周围。⑨beneath在……下面(有接触面)。⑩beside在……旁边。⑪outof在……外面。⑫from从……。⑬beyond在/向……较远的一边,超出。2.表示时间的介词Ithappenedon①aSaturdaymorningin②November,2015.Myparentslefthomeat③600a.m.tomeetmyuncleattheairportandtoldmetheywouldcomebackin④twohours.However,itwasn'tlongbefore⑤someoneknockedatthedoor,andIlookedthroughthepeepholeandsawastranger.Iquicklylockedthedoorfromtheinside,anddidn'topenituntil⑥myparentscameback.During⑦thetwohours,thestrangeralwaystriedtotellmesomethingbutIwouldn'tlistentohim.Onseeingmyparents,thestrangersaid,“Ihavebeenwaitingoutofthedoorfor⑧twohourssince610a.m..”Whyhadmyunclechangedsomuchover⑨theyears?①on指在具体的某一天。②in用在年/月/季节/世纪等大时间之前,或者指上/下午或晚上。③at用在几点钟或night/noon之前。④in也可用在表示一段时间的词之前,表示“多久之后”。⑤before在……之前。⑥until直到……时候。⑦during在……期间。⑧for表示延续一段时间。⑨over表示“在……期间”,表延续。3.表示原因的介词Johnwaspunishedfor①cheatingintheexam.Hisfatherwasangryat/over②itandhetrembledwith③angerbecauseof④John'sbadbehaviour.①for表示原因,后面可以加名词(词组)或句子。②at/over用在表示情绪的形容词之后,后面加名词(词组)。③with用在表示情绪的名词之前。④becauseof/owingto/dueto/thanksto之后不加陈述句,加名词(短语)/名词性从句。4.其他重要介词Between①thetwoopinions,themajoritybesides②mearealsofor③thefirstonebutagainst④thesecondone.By⑤wearingschooluniforms,studentscanbetreatedequallyby⑤othersdespite⑥thedifferenteconomicbackgroundsamong⑦them.Besides,thepriceiswithin⑧students'reach.Moststudentsexcept⑨aminorityofthemsayschooluniformsaregoodexceptfor⑩thefactthattheyarenotfashionable.①between表示两者之间。②besides表示除此之外(还)。③for表示支持。④against表示反对。⑤by表示“借助/通过……”,也可以表示“被……”。⑥despite表示尽管,等于inspiteof。⑦among表示在三者或三者以上之中。⑧within表示在……范围之内。⑨except表示同类事物除外。⑩exceptfor表示与整体陈述相对的细节修补。难点精析一、介词的省略1.当表示时间的词前有this,that,next,last,every,each,some,any,all等时,介词常省略。Wewatchedanexcitingfootballmatchlastweek.上周我们看了一场激动人心的足球赛。Comeanydayyoulike.你想哪天来就哪天来。2.表示时间的名词前有不定冠词,且不定冠词作“每一……”讲时,其前不用介词。Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.每天一个苹果,医生远离我。3.习惯搭配中介词的省略一些常和动词、名词或形容词搭配使用的介词常可省略,常见的此类搭配有spendsometime(in)doingsth.,wastesometime(in)doingsth.,havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.,bebusy(in)doingsth.,stop/preventsb.(from)doingsth.等。Ihadgreatdifficulty(in)findingthesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.在那家餐厅里我很难在菜单上找到合适的食物。二、介词不可遗漏的问题1.在被动语态中,动词短语中的介词不能遗漏。Thechildrenhavebeentakengoodcareofinthekindergarten.这些孩子在幼儿园里得到了很好的照顾。2.当非谓语动词表示被动意义时,相关介词也不可省略。Theproblemiswellworthpayingattentionto.这个问题很值得关注。3.在定语从句中,当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语为不及物动词时,必须加上介词。Thelibrarywhichweoftengotoisnotfarawayfromourschool.我们常去的那个图书馆距离我们学校不远。三、介词与动词构成的搭配callfor需要;要求passby经过payfor...为……付款figureout弄清楚applyfor申请dreamof梦想searchfor寻找;搜索referto提及;参考beginwith……以……开始contributeto贡献;有助于;促成playwith...同……一起玩;玩弄laughat嘲笑careabout关心;介意focuson集中于feellike想要charge...for...索费holdup举起exchange...for...用……来交换……relyon依靠gobackto追溯到四、介词与名词构成的搭配1.at开头的介词短语ataloss不知所措atthecostof...以……的代价atpeace处于和平状态attheriskof...冒……的危险atwar处于战争状态atthemercyof...在……支配下;由……摆布atthesametime同时2.on开头的介词短语onexhibition/show在展出onaccountof因为onfire着火onaverage平均;一般地onsale出售;打折onbehalfof代表onnoaccount/condition决不onthedecrease/increase在减少/在增加onholiday/vacation在度假3.by开头的介词短语byaccident偶然地byhand手工bymistake错误地bychance偶然bytheday按天算bycoincidence碰巧bynature天生地4.in开头的介词短语incash用现金付款inchargeof...掌管……indepth在深度上inreturn作为回报indetail详细地indanger(of)在危险中;垂危inheight在高度上inspiteof尽管inlength在长度上inexchangefor作为交换infavorof支持;赞成innotime立刻incaseof万一;如果;假使innoway决不insupportof...为支持……inplaceof...代替inhonourof...为向……表示敬意inpossessionof拥有;占有inmemoryof...为了纪念……inadditionto另外inthemiddleof...在……中间5.of+n.表示特征(等于相应的形容词)ofbenefit有益处的ofsignificance有意义的ofhelp有帮助的ofuse有用的ofimportance重要的ofvalue有价值的6.outof+n.表示状态outofbalance失去平衡outoforder发生故障outofbreath上气不接下气outofsight看不见outofcontrol失去控制outofthequestion不可能outofdate过期outofwork失业7.under+n.表示被动underattack遭到袭击undertreatment在治疗中underpressure在压力下undercontrol处于控制之中8.with+n.表示方式withdelight/joy高兴地withfear害怕地withdifficulty困难地withpleasure乐意地withease轻而易举地9.beyond+n.表示“超出……;难以……”beyondcompare无与伦比beyonddescription难以描述beyondreach够不到beyondexpression/words难以表达五、介词与其他词构成的搭配butfor要不是insteadof代替regardlessof不管;不顾apartfrom...除……之外upto直到;由……决定accordingto根据alongwith随着togetherwith连同bymeansof用……办法;借助……owingto因为即时训练单句语法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Iamdownthereinmywheelchair_____themorninglettingthehensoutanddownthereagainatnighttoseethey’vegonetobed.②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Nowateamofresearchersled_____DamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.inby③(2022·全国甲卷)TheNewTheatrehasbeenthehomeofqualitydrama,musicals,danceandchildren'sshows______morethan100years.④(2022·全国甲卷)Hepouredwater_______abottleintohishandandofferedittomydogs.⑤(2022·全国乙卷)Theywillbemoving_____thetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.⑥(2022·全国乙卷)Canasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,_____thesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?forfromonat⑦(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Iwasfamiliar_______thechallengesDavidfacedandwasproudofhisstrongdetermination.⑧(2022·浙江卷)Meanwhile,overthecourseof19thcentury,electricitywentfrommerecuriosity_____abasicnecessity.withto解题策略技法一分析句子成分如果句子中不缺少主语或表语,动词后又不缺少宾语,则在名词、代词或动名词前一定是填介词。技法二记牢搭配1.注意短语搭配中介词的正确使用;2.注意有特殊用法的介词,如接复合宾语就只能用with或without。语篇导入动词的种类Ilooked①atthewindowandsaw②abirdperchingonthetree.Ikeptwatching③itbutitdidn't④seeme.Thebirdlooked⑤beautiful.Suddenlyacatappearedandthebirdgot⑤frightened.Itseemedasifthebirdwas⑤indanger.However,itturnedoutthatIshouldn't⑥havebeenworriedaboutit.Ithad⑦flownawayswiftlybeforethecatdrewnear.四动词和动词短语•有实际意义的动词叫实义动词,如文中的①②③。•文中的④⑦为助动词,不能单独构成谓语。⑥是情态动词,也不能单独构成谓语。•动词可分为及物动词(可直接加宾语),如②③和不及物动词(需要加介词后再加宾语)如①。•根据表示的动作是否可以延续,可分为与表示一段时间的状语连用的延续性动词如③,以及不与表示一段时间的状语连用的非延续性动词如①②。•文中⑤为系动词,后面可以直接加形容词,构成系表关系。难点精析1.有些及物动词后面可以跟双宾语,构成vt.+sb.+sth.结构。如:award(授予),buy(买),give(给),leave(留下),lend(借出),offer(提供),pay(付款),show(展示),teach(教),tell(告诉),bring(带来),pass(传递),sell(销售),send(送给),write(给……写信),envy(嫉妒),refuse(拒绝),save(挽救),spare(节省)等2.不及物动词不可以直接加宾语而且无被动语态。如果一个动词是不及物动词,则考查点不会是被动语态。常见不及物动词有agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,rise,arrive,sit,sail,hurry,fail,succeed,run,swim,stand,sleep,lie等。Myfather___________(work)inacomputercompany_________(lie)intheeastofourcityfor5years.因为work是不及物动词无被动语态,所以只能考查work的主动形式,根据后面的for5years可知,应该填现在完成时,所以是hasworked。

另外,lie是不及物动词,所以不可能是被动形式,只能是主动形式作定语,所以填lying。3.如果被考查动词为及物动词,而且后面有宾语,则要考查其主动形式,如果后面没有宾语,则很可能考查其被动形式。Manydoctors_________(need)inWuhanwhenCOVID-19brokeout.因为need是及物动词,其后无宾语,所以考查的是它的被动形式。根据题意,此处用wereneeded。4.非延续性动词不可与时间段连用。讲座已经开始半个小时了。Thelecturehasbeganforhalfanhour.×Thelecturehasbeenonforhalfanhour.√5.可用于“动词+sb.+of+sth.”的常见动词:accusesb.ofsth.指责某人某事curesb.ofsth.治好某人的病ridsb.ofsth.使某人摆脱某物cheatsb.ofsth.欺骗某人某物remindsb.ofsth.使某人想起某事informsb.ofsth.通知某人某事robsb.ofsth.抢劫某人的东西warnsb.ofsth.警告某人某事convincesb.ofsth.使某人确信某事suspectsb.ofsth.怀疑某人某事6.可用于“动词+sb.+fordoingsth.”的常见动词:blamesb.fordoingsth.指责某人做某事punishsb.fordoingsth.惩罚某人做某事thanksb.fordoingsth.感谢某人做某事7.可用于“动词+sb./sth.+fromdoingsth.”的常见动词:prevent/stop/keepsb./sth.fromdoingsth.阻止某人/物做某事protect/preserve/defend/sheltersb./sth.frombeingdone保护某人/物免于被……ban/prohibitsb./sth.fromdoingsth.禁止某人/物做某事8.常见动词短语bringbringin引进;挣得bringabout引起;导致bringup养育;培养;提出bringdown降低;使倒下bringback把……带回来;使恢复bringforward提出;提前breakbreakdown抛锚;(身体、精神)垮掉;(谈判等)失败;(化学)分解breakup打碎;关系结束;解散breakthrough逾越;突破;冲破breakaway(from)挣脱,脱离breakout爆发breakin打断;闯入breakoff折断;中断breakinto破门而入comecomeabout发生comeout出版;开花;(太阳、月亮)出来comeon加油;快点comeacross偶遇;被理解cometrue变为现实comeup走近;被提出comeupwith想出;提出comealong一起来carrycarryon继续;坚持carryout执行carrythrough帮助渡过难关;完成;实现getgetacross传达;使理解getalong/on(with)进展;相处getaway逃脱;设法离开getdown下来;下车getin收割;到达getoff下车;下班getup起床getthrough接通;通过;完成;度过;使理解getdownto开始认真干getover克服givegiveup放弃givein屈服;呈交giveout耗尽;分发giveaway泄露;赠送giveoff发出giveback归还;使恢复gogoagainst违背gowithout(没有……)勉强维持;凑合goinfor爱好;参加考试(或竞赛)goon继续goover复习;仔细审查goahead进行;去做吧;拿去用吧gothrough经历goaway走开gofor去取来或接来;争取得到goout出去;熄灭holdholdonto坚持;抓住不放holdback阻碍(某人发展);抑制(情感)holdon别挂断;等会儿;坚持keepkeepaway(from)使远离keepoff避免吃(或喝、吸)……;使不接近;回避某话题keepon继续keepout挡在外边;(警示语)请勿靠近keepup保持(高昂情绪);不低落;持续keepupwith紧跟上looklookahead向前看lookafter照看;负责处理lookback回忆;回顾lookout当心;提防;找出lookup向上看;查阅;形势好转lookdownupon看不起lookforwardto盼望lookthrough浏览;快速查看lookinto调查;向内看lookaround环视;游览makemakeup编造;化妆;组成;构成;弥补bemadeupof...由……构成makeupfor补偿;弥补makeout辨认出(看出、听出);理解putputdown放下来;平定;镇压;记下putaside把……放到一边;储存putaway把……收起来;储蓄putforward提出(计划、建议);拨快;提前putoff延期;推迟puton穿戴;上演;增加putout扑灭putup建造;举起;张贴;为……提供住宿putupwith容忍sendsendfor派人去请sendout发送;发出(请柬、信号等)setsetoff出发;引爆setout出发;动身;着手做setup创建;建立;竖起setabout开始做;着手做setaside留出;把……放在一边;不理会setapart使与众不同setdown让(乘客)下车;写下;记下taketakein吸收;理解;欺骗;收容takeup从事;拿起;占据(时间或空间)takeoff飞机起飞;脱下takeplace发生takealong随身携带takeaway带走;拿走takecharge负责;掌管takeon呈现;雇用;承担takeout拿出;带……出去takeover接管;接任turnturnaway转身;走开turnout结果是;生产turndown拒绝;调小turnon打开;取决于turnoff关掉turnover打翻;翻身turnin上交(作业等)turninto变成;成为turnto求助于;翻到turnup调大;出现即时训练单句语法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Theelderlyresidents(居民)incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolook________tostopthemfeelinglonely.②(2022·全国甲卷)Wecan'tseemtomake_____ourmindswhetherwewantamoderncityoratraditionalone.③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheChinesegovernmentrecentlyfinalizedaplantoset_____aGiantPandaNationalPark(GPNP).afterupup④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyouarelookingforonsocialmedia,butitprobablywon'tresult_____ausefulresponse.⑤Don'tmentionthatatthebeginningofthestory,oritmaygive_______theshockingending.⑥Hewasdisappointedtofindhissuggestionsturned_______.⑦Tokeephealthy,ProfessorJohnsontook_____cyclingasaregularformofexerciseafterheretired.⑧Theoldhousesarebeingpulleddowntomakeroom______anewofficeblock.in

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upfor解题策略1.动词的考查常常和时态、语态或非谓语结合起来考。所以分清动词是及物还是不及物,能否用被动形式至关重要。2.记牢动词短语,分清同一个动词加不同的介词或副词分别是什么意义。考点分层演练层级一基础达标练单句语法填空1.—WehadareallydampSeptemberthisyear.—Ican'tremember_____autumnwhenitrainedsomuch.解析:考查冠词。根据句意可知,此处指任何一个秋天,表示泛指,用不定冠词,且autumn的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。2.Butshequicklyrealizedthatitwasprobablybecauseofthefactthatshesatin______lastrow.解析:考查冠词。last和定冠词the连用,表示“最后的……”。故填the。anthe3.Theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto____smalltownsome20

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