英国文学史-名词解释

名词解释HeroicCouplet:acoupletconsistingoftworhymedlinesofiambicpentameter,andwritteninanelevatedstyle.Renaissance:arevivalorrebirthoftheartisticandscientificrevivalwhichoriginatedinItalyinthe14thcenturyandgraduallyspreadalloverEurope.Ithastwofeatures:athirstingcuriosityfortheclassicalliteratureandkeeninterestinactivitiesofhumanity.Sonnet:14-linelyricpoem,usuallywritteninrhymediambicpentameter.Blankverse:poetrywritteninunrhymediambicpentameter.Neoclassicism:theEnlightenmentbroughtaboutarevivalofinterestinGreekandRomanworks.ThistendencyisknownasNeoclassicism.Sentimentalism:itwasoneoftheimportanttrendsinEnglishliteratureofthelaterdecadesofthe18thcentury.Itconcentratedonthefreeexpressionofthoughtsandemotions,andpresentedanewviewofhumannaturewhichprizedfeelingoverthinking,passionoverreason.Romanticism:imagination,emotionandfreedomarecertainlythefocalpointsofromanticism.Theparticularcharacteristicsoftheliteratureofromanticisminclude:subjectivityandanemphasisonindividualism;freedomfromrules;solitaryliferatherthenlifeinsociety;thebeliefsthatimaginationissuperiortoreason;andloveofandworshipofnature.LakePoets:theEnglishpoetswholivedinanddrewinspirationfromtheLakeDistrictatthebeginningofthe19thcentury.ByronicHeroes:avariantoftheRomanticheroesasatypeofcharacter(enthusiasm,persistence,pursuingfreedom),namedaftertheEnglishRomanticPoetGordonByron.Realism:seekstoportrayfamiliarcharacters,situations,andsettingsinarealisticmanner.Thisisdoneprimarilybyusinganobjectivenarrativepointofviewandthroughthebuildupofaccuratedetail.Aestheticism:anartmovementsupportingtheemphasisofaestheticvaluesmorethansocio-politicalthemesforliterature,fineart,musicandotherarts.Stream-of-Consciousness:itisaliterarytechniquethatpresentsthethoughtsandfeelingsofacharacterastheyoccurwithoutanyclarificationbytheauthor.Itisanarrativemode.DramaticMonologue:akindofnarrativepoeminwhichonecharacterspeakstooneormorelistenerswhoserepliesarenotgiveninthepoem.IambicPentameter:apoeticlineconsistingoffiveversefeet,witheachfootanunstressedsyllablefollowedbyastressedsyllable,thatis,witheachfootaniamb.Epic:alongnarrativepoemtellingaboutthedeedsofagreatheroandreflectingthevaluesofthesocietyfromwhichitoriginated.Elegy:apoemofmourning,usuallyoverthedeathofanindividual;mayalsobealamentoverthepassingoflifeandbeautyorameditationofthenatureofdeath;atypeoflyricpoem.Canto:asectionofalongpoem.ThecantoscanbeagreatpoemOde:acomplexandoftenlengthylyricpoem,writteninadignifiedformalstyleonsomeloftyorserioussubjects.Odesarewrittenforaspecialoccasion,tohonorapersonoraseasonortocommemorateanevent.SpenserianStanza:anine-linestanzamadeupof8linesofiambicpentameterendingwithanAlexandrine.Itsthymeschemeisababbcbcc.Thisstanzawascommontotravelliterature.MetricalPattern:alyricpoemoffive14-linedstanzascontainingfourtercetsandaclosingcouplet.Therhymeschemeisababcbcdcdedee.文学史中古时期Beowulf《贝奥武甫》:thenaturalepicoftheEnglishpeople;Denmarkstory,alliteration,metaphor,understatementsSirGawainandGreenKnight《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》GeoffreyChaucer(杰弗里乔叟）：theFatherofEnglishPoetry;TheCanterburyTales《埃特伯雷故事集》（24stories)文艺复兴时期ThomasMore:Utopia《乌托邦》-thecommunicationbetweenmoreandthetravelerwhichjustcamebackfromUtopia.FrancisBacon:thefirstEnglishEssayist;Essays《随笔集》-OfStudies,OfTruth(philosophicalandliteraryworks)ThusWyatt:firsttointroducethesonnetintoEnglishliterature.EdmundSpenser:Poet'spoet;TheFairyQueen《仙后》(toQueenElizabethI)WilliamShakespeare:Sonnet18(ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday)17世纪英国文学JohnDonne:theleadingpoetofMetaphysicalschoolofpoetry;AValediction:ForbiddingMourning《分离：莫忧伤》JohnMilton:ParadiseLost《失乐园》（arevoltagainstGod'sauthority),ParadiseRegained《复乐园》（howChristovercameSanta)——storiesweretakenfromBibleJohnBunyan:thesonofRenaissance;Pilgrim'sProgress《天路历程》(imagination,shadowing,realisticreligiousallegory)18世纪英国文学Novel：theageofreason,classicism,sentimentalismandromanticism(novels,prose,dramas,poetry)DanielDefoe:representativeofEnglishrealisticnovel;RobinsonCrusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》(thedevelopmentofayoungmanfromanaiveandartlessyouthtoacleverandhardenedman)JonathanSwift:Gulliver'sTravels《格列佛游记》(fictional,satirical-humannature,theEuropeanGovernment,thedifferencesbetweenreligions,wholeEnglishstatesystem)HenryFielding:theFatherofEnglishnovel;TheHistoryofTomeJones,aFoundling《汤姆琼斯》，satiricPoetry：ThomasGray:ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard《墓园挽歌》AlexanderPope:perfectedinheroiccouplet;AnEssayonCriticism《论批评》WilliamBlake:pre-romantic;SongsofInnonce《天真之歌》，SongsofExperience《经验之歌》-London,TheTigerRobertBurns:ARedRedRose《一朵红红的玫瑰》Drama:RichardBrinsleySheridan:MasterofComedyofmanners;TheSchoolforScandal《造谣学校》浪漫主义时期1798-1832WilliamWordsworth:theLakePoets;ThePrelude《序曲》；IWonderedLonelyasaCloud《我似流云天自游》；TheSolitaryReaper《孤寂的割麦女》；features:poetofnatureandhumanheartSamuelTaylorColeridge:thefirstcriticoftheRomanticschool;TheRimeoftheAncientMariner《古舟子咏》GeorgeGordonByron:vigorous,strongandbeautiful;ChildeHarold'sPilgrimage《恰尔德哈罗尔德游记》(spenserianstanza,fightsforliberty);DonJuan《唐璜》(abroadcriticalpictureofEuropeanlife);WhenWeTwoParted《昔日依依别》；SheWalksinBeauty《她走在美的光影中》；TheIslesofGreece《哀希腊》PercyByssheShelley:OdetotheWestWind《西风颂》-赞颂西风，希望与其紧密相连;PrometheusUnbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》(thevictoryforman'sstruggleagainsttyrannyandoppression)JohnKeats:sensuous,colorfulandrichinimagery;OdetoaNightingale《夜莺颂》；OdeonaGrecianUrn《希腊古瓮颂》WalterScott:FatherofHistoricalNovel;combinehistoricalfactandromanticimaginationJaneAusten:wit,dryhumour,subtleirony,realistic;PrideandPrejudice《傲慢与偏见》(ElizabethandDarcy)；SenseandSensibility《理智与情感》；Emma《爱玛》CharlesLamb:PoorRelations《穷亲戚》;Dream-children《童年梦幻》;AReverie《幻想曲》维多利亚时期summit：realisticnovelCharlesDickens:criticalrealistwriter;humour,wit,happyendings;ATaleofTwoCities《双城记》(London&Paris,wherethereisoppression,thereisrevolution);DavidCopperfield《大卫科波菲尔》；OliverTwist《雾都孤儿》；HardTime《艰难时世》；GreatExpectations《远大前程》；DombeyandSon《董贝父子》；PickwickPapers《匹克威克外传》WilliamMakepeaceThackeray:VanityFair《名利场》(tosatirizethesocialmore,decadenceandcorruptionofhistime;tocriticizethevaluesmeasuredbywealth)GeorgeEliot:novelist,hernovelsarecelebratedfortheirrealismandpsychologicalinsights;AdamBede《亚当比德》(socialinequality)；TheMillontheFloss《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》；SilasMarner《织工马南》AlfredTennyson:succeededWordsworthasPoetLaureatein1850;Break,Break,Break《拍吧，拍吧，拍吧》；CrossingtheBar《过沙洲》RobertBrowning:dramaticmonologues;MyLastDuchess《我已故的公爵夫人》TheBronteSisters:Charlotte:JaneEyre《简爱》：简·爱是一个心地纯洁、善于思考的女性，她生活在社会底层，受尽磨难。但她有倔强的性格和勇于追求平等幸福的精神。小说以浓郁抒情的笔法和深刻细腻的心理描写，引人入胜地展示了男女主人公曲折起伏的爱情经历，歌颂了摆脱一切旧习俗和偏见。扎根于相互理解、相互尊重的基础之上的深挚爱情，具有强烈的震撼心灵的艺术力量。其最为成功之处在于塑造了一个敢于反抗，敢于争取自由和平等地位的妇女形象。Emily:WutheringHeights《呼啸山庄》：描写吉卜赛弃儿希斯克利夫被山庄老主人收养后，因受辱和恋爱不遂，外出致富，回来后对与其女友凯瑟琳结婚的地主林顿及其子女进行报复的故事。Anne:AgnesGray《安格尼斯格雷》20世纪英国文学Thoma