大学英语综合教程12笔记

#/31大学英语综合教程笔记一符号说明：=引出解释/词义相同，口表示用法相同，批注表示待确认，~加粗表示一个词系的词，荧光，数字表示页码。2Shape=tohavegreatinfluenceonsb;determinethenatureofsth.e.g.1.Theseeventshelpedtoshapeherfuturecareer.这些事情对她的未来事业产生重大影响。e.g.2.Herattitudeswereshapedpartlybyherearlyexperiences.她的想法一定程度上由她的早期经历决定。一定程度上：partly,toanextent,tosomeextent,tosomedegreeconform与……一致3offandon=fromtimetotime=sometimes断断续续地，有时e.g.Ithasbeenrainingonandoffforaweek,that'swhytheclothesfeeldamp（潮湿的）.Belleville=acityinacoalminingregion,hasdiverseindustry.possibility=likelihoode.g.Theyhaven'tarrivedyet.There'sthepossibilitythatthey'vetakenthewrongroad.takehold=becomeestablished生根，确立e.g.Oldhabitsdiehard.（很难摆脱）That'swhyyoushouldstopsmokingbeforethehabittakeshold.boredget/beboredbysth;growboredwithacrashingbore/afrightfulbore/aninsufferablebore/anutterbore讨厌之极的人/事Assignment=apieceofworkgiventoaparticularperson(分配的)工作，任务，作业~assignassignsthtosb=assignsbsth[give]e.g.Someworktodoonholidaywasassigned.turnout=(1)comeoutorgatherasforameeting,publicevent,etc.e.g.1.Alargegroupofprotester(抗议者)haveturnedout.e.g.2.Crowdturnedoutfortheprocession.(2)provee.g.Theplanturnedoutafailure/success.(3)shutoffturnoutthelight(4)producee.g.Theschoolhasturnedoutsomegreatscholars.agony=painfulanticipate+gerund(动名词)/thate.g.1.TheyanticipatethatdeathsfromAIDSwillhavedoubledby2005.e.g.2.Weanticipaterunningintoproblemsincarryingoutthemedicalwelfarereform.(医改) e.g.3.Weanticipatehearingfromyou.cheerless~cheering欢呼~cheerful~cheerleader拉拉队长Thatmosttediousofsubjects=themosttedioussubjectofallsubjects.Haveareputationfor因……beabletodo,havetheabilitytodo<=>becapableofInspiresbtodoaninspiredguess凭灵感做出的猜测e.g.1.MartinLutherKingJr'sspeechesinspiredpeopletofightforequaltreatmentofAfricanAmericans.e.g.2.Thelastleafonthetreethatneverfelloffinspiredthedyingpatientwiththewilltoliveon.~inspiration+todoe.g.Herworkshowsrealinspiration.Rigid=fixedinbehavior,viewsormethods;stricte.g.Ifhehadbeenalittlelessrigidaboutthings,hisdaughterwouldnothavelefthomeatsuchayoungage.Hopelessbehopelessat对 一窍不通 ahopelesslyillpatient绝症Be/gooutofdate/oldfashioned<=>befashionable/uptodatebringsthuptodatePrim=stiffly(too)formalorcorrectinbehaviorandshowingadislikeofanythingrudeandimproper.Aprimdress端庄primappearanceprimandproper[negative]过于古板和认真Severe=1朴素的:Hemingwayisknownforhisseverewritingstyle.2stern,strict:besevereon/withe.g.Onlythosewhohaveundergoneseveretrainingcanbeacceptedintotheairforce.3居|烈的e.g.TheseverechestpainexperiencedbytheVice-presidentprovedtobeaheartattack.Glasses=spectacles,contactlensWavy卷曲的有波纹的Heworeprimsuitswithnecktiessetprimlyagainstthecollarbuttonsofhiswhiteshirts.Comic滑稽的tacklee.g.Thequestionsetbytheteacherwassodifficultthatpupilsdidnotknowhowtotackleit.Distribute=divideandgiveoutamongpeople,places,etc.distributesth[among/tosb.{词根.}tributee.g.filmstribute(n.)/dedicatedtothenationalday;paytributeto[contribute,attributeto把..归因于]Simple-minded=showingverylittleintelligencenarrow/open-minded;high-minded思想高尚；strong-minded意志坚强Duee.g.1.ThebookisduetopublishinNov.e.g.2.Thetrainisduein15minutes.Faceuptoe.g.Nowthatyourdaughterwasborn,you’llhavetofaceuptotheresponsibilitiesofbeingafather.Asequenceof一连串相关事物asequenceofdancemovementsImageanimageambassadorof..[product]Inmymind’seye~mentalimages脑海定语后置e.g.1.Alisthasbeendrawnupofwordswehavelearnedsofar.E.g.2.Allisnotgoldthatglitters(闪闪发光).Scanner扫描仪Spaghetti-nottastepulpy（多汁的）poke戳scoop舀prong叉子的尖头Recall+n/gerund/thatclausee.g.1.1don,trecallevermeetingher.E.g.2.Sherecalledthatshehadtoseethedoctoragainthatafternoon.Remindsb.Ofdoing/todo/thatclauseDrivesthhome将…讲透彻Argument:getinto/breakoff（中止）/terminate（结束）/settle（解决）/putforward;offer（提出论点）/confute（驳倒）anargumentAwakeThelettersawokeoldfears.Violate=actagainste.g.Speedingdowntownareasviolatestrafficregulations.<=>violet紫罗兰violent剧烈的Afailing/passinggradeRespectable=1值得尊敬的:arespectablecouplerespectful尊敬的：talktohimatarespectfuldistance2decent/proper合乎礼仪的，礼貌的Composer作曲家ThThegradedpapersthecorrectedpapersReporttosbforsth:Iwasorderedtoreportfortrainingtotheartilleryofficers.Discipline:tightendiscipline加强纪律；keepdiscipline维持纪律learndiscipline学会遵守纪律4Speak/talk/say/laughoutloudContempt轻视，轻蔑Ridicule=makingorbeingmadefunof.1Incontemptof对 不屑一顾Dosthincontemptofheavenandhell天不怕，地不怕2toholdsbuptoridicule嘲笑Holdback=1topreventtheexpressionoffeelings,tears,etc.e.g.Johnnycriedbitterlyintheclassroom,notevenattemptingtoholdbackthetears.2makesb/sthstopmovingforwarde.g.Theenbuiltbanks（堤）ofearthtoholdbacktherisingfloodwater.3topreventthedevelopmentofe.g.Youcouldbecomeagoodmusician,butyourlackofpractiseisholdingyouback.4keepsecret.e.g.Tellmeaboutit,don'tholdanythingback.BepuredelightatPower=thefaculty（能力，技能，功能）ofthebodyorminde.g.1We'llhavetouseallofourpowersofpersuasion.e.g.2Hehaslostthepowerofspeech.失去说话能力Career,profession,tradeAttheeleventhhourAsitwere=sotospeak=asonemightsayPutthefinalsealonmyhappiness.definite.Asealofapprovale.g.Thisprojectneedsthegovernment'ssealofapproval.正式批准。e.g.2Alast-minutegoalset/putthesealonTottenham'svictory.e.g.3Thisawardhassetasealonthesuccessfulstagecareer.BOOK2U1®RainingreflectsonavisittoChina.Reflect=think,consider.e.g.Whenwefeelsorryforourselves,weshouldreflectthatthereareotherslessfortunatethanweare.Reflecton/upon=thinkdeeplyabout.e.g.Imustreflectonhowtoanswerthequestion.Pleasereflectonyouraction/behavior.反省Reflectwell/badlyon证明在某方面表现好/差e.g.Thisscandalreflectedbadlyonthispartyasawhole.丑闻对该党整体影响不好Badmannersoftenreflectonone'sparents.粗鲁举止让父母丢脸®thoughtCanyoureadherthoughts?=canyouguesswhatsheisthinkingabout?Don'tkeepyourthoughtstoyourself.不要闷在心里。Thatwomanhasnotgotathoughtinherhead.没脑子Thoughts[pl.]=ideas.e.g.Mythoughtsonthisissue®thebustlingeasternChinesecityBustling=busy,fullofnoise/activitiese.g.Abustlingtradetown.贸易兴隆的小镇Bustlevt/vi-in/transitivee.g.Youhavetobustleyourroommatetoschool.催促bustlewithe.g.Theofficebustledwithpeopleand@&泣让丫.办公室挤满了人，十分忙碌。®arts=thearts=thefinearts=art文科Anartsdegree文科学位工engineering理science®elementaryschool入门的《=》primaryschool初等的，小学年龄的gradeschoolgrandmaschool®themosttellinglessons=impressive=haveanoticeableeffectTellingargument有力的论据流露感情的atellingsmile/remark®beattached9=对。。产生依恋，留恋，爱慕e.g.I'veneverseen2peoplesoattachedtoeachother.We'vebeensomuchattachedtothiscampusthatwedon'twanttomove.Doyouhaveastrongattachmenttoyourfamily?<=>affiliatedhospital/school附属医院®blockMynoseisblocked.鼻塞 blockthetraffic妨碍交通Yourstubbornattitudeisablocktotheprogress.强硬的Ablockofmarvel一块大理石®positionDon'tpositionyourselftooclosetothefire.Beina/nopositiontodo由于某些条件(不)可能 In/outofpositionBeinposition,players.各就各位Putoneselfinsb's(sbelse's)position设身处地地着想®vigorYouareinyourprimeandfullofvigor.年富力强，精力旺盛。EnergeticallyMusicoftremendousvigor极大的，绝妙的®tender=young,easydamagedorhurt.e.g.Tenderplantsat/ofatenderagetenderfoot.[pl.Tenderfoots]=inexperiencedgentle,loving,关心，爱护atenderparent慈母/父Betenderto/towards..Atendersmile温柔Atenderglance含情脉脉地®notintheleast=notatall®botherHedidn'tevenbothertosaythank丫。口.费心。他连谢谢都不说一声。Rudenessbothersme.讨厌粗鲁表现Botherone'shead/oneselfabout/withsth.为。。操心e.g.I'vegrownupsodon'tbotheryourheadaboutme.Can'tbebothered不愿出力/找麻烦e.g.Hebehavedasifhecouldn'tbebothered.Itbothersthatheissosensitive/hecouldn'tfinishitintime.让人不痛快®bang=strikeviolently,tomakealoudvoicee.g.Strikewithafist拳头Banggoessth破灭e.g.Banggoeshishopeofpromotion.提拔Theideahithimwithabang.突然产生的主意®finditswayintotheslot=reachthedestination®initial.n.首写字母Pleasesignyourinitialshere.a.Thefirst/beginningInitiativen.Onone'sowninitiative主动，自发Taketheinitiativein倡导，发起 v.开始实施®AnyChinesestaffmembernearbywouldcomeovertowatchhimand,notinghislackofinitialsuccess,attempttoassist.=noticing/observing®holdontoone'shand=notletgoof抓住，握住Holdontoyourhatwhilewalkingonsuchawindyday.[Rockclimbing]Holdontotherocktostopyourselfslipping.®expectantly=hopefullyShe'sexpectingachild=pregnantAnexpectantmother/father孕妇/准爸爸Turnexpectanteyeson$丘投以期待目光®await=waitfor®onoccasion=nowandthen=sometimes<=>ontheoccasion在。。场合/情况下®neglect清楚的、可以做到的事，没有做®incident-indicatethingsininternationalpolitics e.g.The911incidentwasnotanaccident.Ordinaryincidentofdailylife日常事务®be(ir)relevantto介词Relevancebear/haverelevanceto®冒号表示后文为对前文进一步解释®shed/cast/throw(new)lighton=tohelpexplain/understandShednewlightoncauseofthedisease医学新发现®exceptionAnexceptiontotheruleWithnoexception®ultimate基本的theultimateprinciples最终的=finaltheultimateoutcome结局®desirableThisisthedesirablesolutiontotheproblem.称心的，想要的It'sthemostdesirablethat 再好不过了[+虚拟should]®complete做了一半完成另一半finish圆满完成accomplish成功做到e.g.He'samanwhohasn'taccomplishedanything.Anaccomplishedfact既定事实Accomplishments=achievementsCelerbratetheaccomplishmentsofone'sobjective目标®induecourse=eventually®accomplishmentscanbemodeledforhim.Takesb.Asanexampleforone'saction.Modelonsth以。。为榜样e.g.Shemodeledherselfonherfavoritenovelist.®mattertosb=beimportanttosb®principal=chief,mainn.中小学校长，主要领导，相关人<=>president大学校长，大型企业/公司老总®childrearing培养=raising rearpoultry饲养家禽后部attherearoftheplaneRearlamp后车灯®self-employed个体户Self-observed只管自己Self-centeredSelf-conciouse.g.He'sself-consciousabouthisappearance.在意®whetheritbethesubjunctivemood®inretrospect=lookingbacksth/uponreflectionRetrospectiveshow回顾展Retrospectivethoughts怀旧想法®Itpointedtoimportantdifferencesin...=suggest/indicatee.g.Alltheevidencepointstohisguilt.®well-intentioned心怀好意的<=>ill-intentionedWell/ill-bred有教养的Well-timed选时很好的®cometosb'srescue=cometohelp®withextremefacility熟练的，娴熟的Facility=theabilitytodothingseasilyhaveafacilityforsth/doingsth®modeandshapeone'sperformance 塑造，影响=determinethenatureof®somuchsothat=tosuchadegree/anextentthat®continualrepeated,goingonallthetime<=>continuousflight飞机直飞不中转，nonstop®aclassroom/universitysetting环境®workonperfectingtheircraft=tryhardtoimproveCraft-skillintheuseofhandCrafty=cunning狡诈的e.g.Acraftyoldfox®intermsof=aswegot®reversen.Thereverseofe.g.Peopleoftenthinkthatchildren'sshoesarecheaperthanadults',butthefactisthereverseofit.adj.Reverseof/to与 相对Thereversetrend相反的趋势v.Reversethecar=backthecar intotheparkinglot~reversibleareversiblecoat可以翻过来穿®priority优先考虑的事Givefirst/toppriorityto...Myfirst/topprioritythissemesteristopassCET4.=CollegeEnglishTestband4®departuren.=venture；toactdifferentfromsthWorkingonafarmisadeparture/venture.大胆的尝试Thisisadeparturefromtheoldcustoms.与传统习俗相违背®inseparable~separatefrom®evolveto/from®value.v.=haveahighopinionofsthWevaluetruthaboveanythingelse.Doyouvalueherasafriend?®harbor=tokeepinmindsecretly心怀 Harborsuspicion心存疑虑Harborthethoughtsofrevenge窝藏（罪犯/赃品）HarborawantedmanHarboranescapedprisoner®thereisnocomparablehurrytopromotecreativityNocomparable相比而言没有必要®fearlessofconsequences不计后果的Fearsomee.g.afearsomelook样子可怕的/让人触目惊心的情景afearsometask让人望而却步的®overstate=exaggerate~overeat,oversleep,overact行为过激，overwork®innovation革新®examine=studycarefully®developafilmDevelopatheory阐述某一理论Developillness逐渐患上®valid有根据的，逻辑上行得通的e.g.Theticketisvalidin24hours.TheIDcardisavalidproofofyouridentity.®foster培养e.g.Fosterthegrowthoflocalindustries®balance=tofindthemiddlepointbetween2thingsIt'sdifficulttostrikeabalancebetweenjusticeandexpediency.私®Areyousuperiortothe5yearprogramstudents?®achievementsaccumulatedbypredecessorsu2®dinnerjacket=tuxedo/tuk'si:dou/®franchiseretailstore特许经营零售店Retailing®withacollectivenetworthof集体净资产®lavish=luxurious®wheelv.=drive=sitatthewheelWheelapatientintoanoperatingroom®sleepy<=>bustling®discountchain/shop/store/warehouse仓库Discount-atalowerprice/supplyingcheaperthings®simple=frugal®nopalace=notluxurious<=>notapalaceNoteacher不具备teachingskills,不够资格<=>Notateacher[occupation]Notayoungster=notyoung<=>noyoungster=quiteold®sit=lie atrucksitsinthegarageCSUsitsatthebottomofYueluMountain.Thebookisstillsittingontheshelf.书一直放在书架上没看。®Thefurnitureappearedalittleworn.=old;usedforalongtime®muddy鞋满泥muddyshoes[color]土黄色muddywater混浊的水®spotHeneverspotanyservants.认出Onthespot在现场<=>putsbonthespot使难堪e.g.You'llputhimonthespotifyoutelleveryoneaboutit.<=>He'srunningonthespot.原地踏步，没有进步。Spotadvertisement/announcement电视插播广告《=》primetimeadvertisement黄金时段广告Hitthespotwithsb=toone'stastee.g.Thisfoodhitsthespotwithme.®abirddog到别的公司挖掘人才的人BirdbirdfluBirdsofafeatherflocktogether.物以类聚 We'rebirdsofafeather.志趣相投Abirdinthehandisworthtwobirdsinthebush.有/没有定局的事情®carryon=behaveinaspecificway举止Hecarriesonlikeamillionaire=hespendsmoneyleft,rightandcenter.vi.phr.不守规矩Thekidcarriedonintheswimmingpool.®folksusuallypl.+谓语动词复数CountryfolkstownsfolksFellowvillagersfellowtownsmen老乡®plainfolks=ordinarypeople®travelthesewindybackroadsTravelvt.TravelthewholeworldtravelalongwaytogettoschoolWindy=twistyBackroads=by/minorroads®treatment处理Thetreatmentofsomemedicalequipment®struggletodo=makegreatefforttodo®corporate公司的Corporateimage企业形象Multi-nationalcorporation跨国公司®by/fromallaccounts=accordingtowhateveryonesays据说I'veneverseenhimbefore,buthe'sbyallaccountsaniceperson.AccountforTakesbintoaccountOnaccountof由于Onallaccounts/everyaccount无论如何Onnoaccount绝不®flashyInaflashy立刻，马上Aflashyof突然出现aflashyofunderstanding/inspiration顿^悟华丽的，炫耀的，aflashycar®blendin/into融入/与 融洽相处Whathesaidreinforcedmydeterminationtoblendinthesurroundings.Thestyleofthebuildingdoesnotblendinwiththearchitecture.Ionlyblendinwithculturedpeople/well-bred.有教养的人®throwone'sweightaround/about盛气凌人Becauseofhisachievements/heisaboss/heisstrongerthanus,healwaysthrowshisweightsaround/about.That'snotmuchofaboss.®asetplace固定Wehavemealsatasettime/settimes.Thesetprocedurefordoing固定程序Doyouhavesethoursofwork?®barber'sshop小理发店<=>hairdresser美发师®openup商店营业®Atachurchsuppertheothernight,heandhiswifewereinbackwashingdishes.=atthebackofthechurch.®keephimoffthefrontpageKeepyourhandsoffme=don'ttouchme.®bury=tohidesthfromsight,coversthwithsthHeburiedhisfaceinhishandsandwept.他掩面而泣®reach/hit/makeheadlines®holdfirmto=keepto=stickto=holdon坚持《=》holdonto握住Firm习语中ad.Standfirm坚定不移®pronouncehimAmerica'srichestman=announceEvenparticularMary/tonguepronouncedhimaniceboy.最挑易帕勺人Thedoctorpronouncedthathe'srecoveringnicely.〜pronounced明显的Pronouncedcontrastbetweenthepastandthepresent明显对比Hespeakswithpronouncedlocal/Changsha/British/Americanaccent.®ontheruncontinuousmovingabout,busyI'vebeenontherunfrommorningtillnowandIamexhausted.东躲西藏He'sbeenontherunfromthepolice.®rankingarankingworldpower世界头等强国Poorranking排名比较后®steerclearof=keep/stayawayfromSteerclearofcontroversialissues(controversyn.)有争议的话题Steerclearofthetroublemakers®therealstoryinhismind=whatisalwaysonhismind干情况Anotherstory/adifferentstory另一回事Onlypartofthestory/notthewholestoryThe(same)oldstory老一套，常听借口，诉苦Cut/makealongstory长话短说，简而言之®peprally鼓舞士气(morale/mo'ra:l/)的会议Hehadapeptalkwithme.®admitto...prep.Hewouldneveradmittobeingwrong.Herefusedtoadmittobreakingthewindow.®getideasintothesystemfromthebottomup集思广益Beatthesystem钻制度空子®margin=profit®cuttotheboneSincetheirfatherislaidup(下岗)，theirlivingexpenseshadtobecuttothebone.®qualifyfor®field面积大的footballbaseballcricket板球《=》court面积小的volleybadminton®putsb.Off干扰distractThesuddennoiceoffirecrackers（鞭炮）putmeoffmytestpaper.使不快viphrTheman'sdirtyconditionputmeoff.穿得脏®4straightgames=continuousIt'sbeensunnyfor7straightdays.TenstraightwinsinarowStraightensth摆平，解决®themovetowardsettlingtheproblem®disasterrelieffund救济金 reliefsupplies救济品TomyreliefIt'sagreatrelieftolearnthatyouarrivedsafely.~relievev.解除责任Hewasrelievedofhispost/power.权力®foster/cultivateone'sinterestinsth.®stunned=shocked®stingy=mean吝啬®comeaboard=jointhecompanyNewemployeeswhocameaboardinthelast6monthshavenotbeentested.®credit学分，赏识Docredittosb.为某人争光Takecredit接受荣誉®alengthoftime=anamountoftimeYou'vespentaridiculouslengthoftimeinwashingtheclothes.Thelengthofservicewiththecompanydecidesthesizeofyourpension.®comeintocontactwithsb.与……交往®betteroff=wealthier/richer®frugal=节俭的，节约的，不奢华的U4®Alongtheway=followingthetrainofthought,intheexploration®adimensiontotheproblem问题的一个方面®plague肆虐®clip用力敲=knocksb.withforcee.g.Clipsb.Ontheear打耳光Clipped=quickandclear清脆clippedtone®reject=refusetoaccepthardtoaccept0口齿&=不稳定的，改变的Fluidarrangement可变的安排Thesituationisstillfluid.局势还不稳定®highlightn.=mostexciting/interestingparte.g.Thehighlightofthemovie高潮ThehighlightofmytourtoBeijingwasseeingtheSummerPalacev.=强调，重视Attheendoftheyear,someTVprogramshighlightproblemsmigrantworkersface.®stretch=tobecomelonger,widerwithoutbreaking.e.g.MywoolcoatstretcheswhenIwashit.你已使我忍无可忍Youarestretchingmypatiencetoalimit.延绵Nowadaysit'srareforyoutoseeforestsstretchingforhundredsofmiles.®edition精装书hardcoveredition=deluxeedition<=>平装书paperbackeditioneditorial社论®telecommuter远程工作者=IworkathomecommunicatingwithmycolleaguesthroughtheImute=gothroughoneplacetoanotherTele-表示远程®submitarticles投稿[formal]=handinSubmitsthtosb（供参考）提交，呈递e.g.Submitanessaytomytutor,submitanapplication<=>submittosb=acceptthecontrol服从，屈从e.g.Submittodiscipline,submittoenemy投降Submissionn.听任摆布intotalsubmissiontosb百依百顺showcompletesubmissiontoone'sdesire®manage=tokeepsthinorder,keepcontrolofsthe.g.Sheknowshowtomanagehimwhenhiisangry应对，对付todealwith®feel/takeanaversionto对。。厌恶，反感e.g.1Myaversiontocrueltyisstrong.非常厌恶残酷行为2Ialwayshaveanaversiontogettingupearly.Aversea.Aversetosthe.g.I'mnotaversetoadropofwhiskyafter&皿口6上喝点Aveid..to..将。。转移到®socializing社交Therewillbenosocializingduringbusinesshours.⑥网络/电子用语Cyber-interaction-contactCyber-space网络空间，cyber-culture网络文化Cyber-nut/naut=net/webhead网虫netizen网民=cybercitizenCyber-pet电子宠物Cyber/netspeak网络用语Cybershop网购cybershop/store网店e-banking电子银行Cybercafe=netbarCybersurf=websurf网上冲浪Networkcard网卡Webpage/website网页Webmaster网管®virtual虚拟的，事实上的e.g.Heworksasvirtualhead.做首领的事，但并不是首领Virtue美德Virtueisitsownregard.做好事乐在其中®butthen=butthenagain=yetatthesametime不过e.g.1Thecircuswasnotaverygoodone,butthen,theaudiencewasnotdemanding.2Heisclumsyanduntidy,butthen,heisalwayswillingtohelp.1'Sheperformedmuchbetterthanothers,butthenagain,shespentmuchmoretimeonitthanothersdid.®Workmovesintothebackground.工作成了次要的®woundingremarks伤人的话®projectv.=以己度人e.g.Youareprojectingagain.I'mnotangrywithyou.It'syouwhoareangrywithme.给别人留下好印象e.g.Thepresidency（总统职位）candidatemustprojecthimself.®fightabout/over®cueu暗示e.g.1Whenhestartedtotalkaboutfinance,thatwasour