2021年湖南省部分学校高考英语模拟试卷（5月份）（附答案详解）

2021年湖南省部分学校高考英语模拟试卷(5月份)

一、阅读理解(本大题共15小题，共37.5分)

(2021•湖南省•模拟题)

A

HarvardUniversityisdevotedtoexcellenceinteaching,learning,andresearch,andto

developingleadersinmanysubjectswhomakeadifferenceglobally.Browsefreeonline

coursesinavarietyofsubjects.HarvardUniversitycoursesfoundbelowcanbeverifiedfreeor

studentscanchoosetoreceiveaverifiedcertificateforasmallfee.Selectacoursetolearnmore.

CS50'sIntroductiontoComputerScience

Length：14weeksEffort：6hoursperweek

Price：Free(AddaVerifiedCertificatefor¥1,293)Instructors：DavidJ.Malan

Whatyoulllearn：

•Abroadunderstandingofcomputerscienceandprogramming

•Conceptslikeabstraction,algorithms,datastructures,encapsulation,resource

management,securitysoftwareengineering,andwebdevelopment

MasterpiecesofWorldLiterature

Length：12weeksEffort：8hoursperweek

Price：Free(AddaVerifiedCertificatefor¥1,093)Instructors：DavidDamrosch

Whatyoulllearn：

•Howliteraryworksandbooksaretransformedbyculturaltransmission

•Howtocriticallyanalyzeliteraryworks

TheHealthEffectsofClimateChange

Length：9weeksEffort：10hoursperweek

Price：Free(AddaVerifiedCertificatefor¥968)Instructors：AshishJha

Whatyou'lllearn：

•Climatechange'simpactsonnutrition,migration,andinfectiousdiseases

•Strategiestolessenandadapttothehealthimpactsofclimatechange

GlobalChina：FromtheMongolstotheMing

Length：15weeksEffort：6hoursperweek

Price：Free(AddaVerifiedCertificatefor¥643)Instructors：WilliamC.Kirby

Whatyou'lllearn：

•HowtheMongolscreatedthegreatestempireinhumanhistory.

•HowtheMingDynastyestablishedanewglobaleconomy.

1.Whichcourserequiresthemoststudyhoursinall?

A.MasterpiecesofWorldLiterature.

B.TheHealthEffectsofClimateChange.

C.CS50*sIntroductiontoComputerScience.

D.GlobalChina：FromtheMongolstotheMing.

2.HowmuchshouldastudentpayforaVerifiedCertificateabouthistory?

A.¥1,293.B.¥1,093.C.¥968.D.¥643.

3.WhatwillastudentlearnfrominstructorAshishJha?

A.Howplantswilladapttoclimatechange.

B.Howclimatechangesaffecthumanbeings.

C.Howtosolveglobalwarmingeffectively.

D.Howhumans*activitiesinfluenceEarth'satmosphere.

（2021・湖南省•模拟题）

B

Henry,arescuedog,camefirst.CynthiaBennettandAndreSibilsky,anewcouple,wantedahigh

energydogthattheycouldtakeonlonghikesandcampingexplorationsfromColoradoto

California.Withhisplayfulairofconfidenceandactivenature,Henryfitrightin.Thefirsttime

thecoupletookhimhiking,hejumpedupontothelargerockslikeamountaingoat.Hisfavorite

activitiesarehikingoutdoorsandexploringmountains.Buthe*sabigsoftywithsevere

separationanxiety,soeventually,thecouplesearchedforacalmyetadventurouscatthatcould

keepHenrycompany-andkeepupwithhimonthepaths.

Rescuedfromacatshelterafterhismotherabandonedhim,thelovableanddependent

cat,Baloo,bondedtoHenrywithinhours.AndHenrydiscoveredthatBaloolovedtoexploreas

muchashedid.CynthiahadalreadyplannedacampingtripwithHenryto

Telluride,Colorado,andtookBalooalong.That,astheysay,wasthebeginningofabeautiful

animalfriendship.

OnedayonthehalfwayBaloowastired,andCynthiatookitintoherheadtoplaceBalooon

Henry'sneck."BaloojusthunghimselfoverHenry'sheadandneck.AndHenrydidn'tmindat

all."Howcouldyounottakeaphotoofthat?

第2页，共22页

Hundredsofphotoslater,HenryandBalooareInternetcelebrities.CynthiaandAndrestarted

theHenryandBalooFoundation,anofficialnonprofitorganizationwithamissiontopreserve1,

000acresacrosstheWestandhelpreforestlandthathasbeenclaimedbywildfires.Theyhike

thelandallthetime,andit'sawayfbrthemtogivebacktofuturegenerations.

CynthiaandAndrehopethattheadventuresofHenryandBaloowillinspireothersto

discover,exploreandtreasureourcountry*snaturalbeauty.

4.WhydidthecouplechooseHenry?

A.Heisstrongandbrave.B.Heisactiveandenergetic.

C.Heisanxiousandcautious.D.Heisgentleandconsiderate.

5.WhatcanweinferaboutHenryandBaloofromthetext?

A.Theyfightthemomenttheymeet.

B.HenryhatescarryingBalooonhisback.

C.HenrydoesnotliketoexplorewithBaloo.

D.Theymatcheachotherinpersonality.

6.WhatisthemainpurposeoftheHenryandBalooFoundation?

A.Toprotectthenaturalenvironment.

B.Toenjoythecountry'snaturalbeauty.

C.Totrainpetstoexperienceadventures.

D.Tosetupanofficialnonprofitorganization.

7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.PetAdventureTrips.B.TrueBrotherhood.

C.HenryandBaloo.D.PetCelebritiesOnline.

（2021・湖南省•模拟题）

c

ASpaceXrocket,knownasSN10,wentupoverSouthTexasduringtestflightWednesday

beforefallingdowntoapointlandingnearitslaunchsite.Approximatelythreeminutesafter

landing,however,therocketexplodedatitslandingplace.ltwasunclearwhatcausedtherocket

toexplode.

"We'vehadasuccessfulsofttouchdownonthelandingsite,"SpaceXengineerJohnInsprucker

said.''That'sabeautifultestflightofStarship10.“HeaddedthatSpaceXhasseveralother

rocketsalreadyinproductionandthenext,SN11,willbereadytorolloutforanothertestflight

inthenearfuture.Theprimaiygoalofthetestwastogatherdataonhowthevehicle'sflaps（襟

翼）wouldcontroltheStarshiprocketasitfallsbacktotheEarth.

Musk,theCEOofSpaceX,firstexplainedStarship'sintendedlandingmethodduringa

September2019mediaevent.Hebilleditasauniquewaythatwouldmaketherocketdiveback

throughtheairwithitsbellypointedtowardtheEarthasitsfourflapsswitchslightlytokeepit

steady.ItrsamethodthatMusksaidisintendedtolearnhowaskydiverwouldfallthroughthe

air,ratherthanthestraightvertical（垂直）divetotheEarththatSpaceX'sFalcon9rockets

employwhentheycomeinforlandings.

Perfectingthelandingmethodisessentialto''enableafullyreusabletransportationsystem

designedtocarrybothpassengersandgoodsonlongtimeandinterplanetaryflightsandhelp

humansreturntotheMoon,andtraveltoMars,"accordingtothecompany'swebsite.

SpaceXintendstouseStarshipforavarietyofpurposes,includingshuttlingpayingcustomers

betweencitiesatbreakneckspeeds,potentiallyaidingNASA'sMoonlanding

efforts,and,eventually,launchinggoodsandhumanmissionstoMars.

8.WhatdoesJohnInspruckerthinkoftherocketexplosion?

A.AdisasterfortheSpaceX.B.Apartoftheirroutinework.

C.Ablowontheirconfidence.D.Abreakthroughwithfailure.

9.WhatisthepurposeofthetestofStarshiprockets?

A.TotestthepossibilityoflivingonMars.

B.Tofindapracticalaccesstoreusingrockets.

C.Toexperimenthowtofixflapsonrockets.

D.Totransporthumanwastetootherplanets.

10.WhatcanwelearnaboutSpaceX*sFalcon9rocketsfromthetext?

A.Theylandstraightvertically.

B.Theycanlandwithbodylyingintheair.

C.Theyrelyonflapstokeepsteadyintheair.

D.Theylearntofallfromskydiversintheair.

11.WhatistheStarship'sfinalaim?

A.TolandontheMoon.B.Toshuttlebetweencities.

C.TocarryhumanstoMars.D.TotaketheNASA'splace.

（2021•湖南省•模拟题）

D

第4页，共22页

Whenpeoplepausebeforereplyingtoaquestion,evenforjustafewseconds,theiranswersare

supposedtobelesssincereandbelievablethaniftheyhadrepliedimmediately.Andthelonger

thehesitationlasts,thelesssinceretheresponseappears.

Researchersconductedaseriesofexperimentsinvolvingmorethan7,500

individuals.Participantseitherlistenedtoanaudiorecord,viewedavideoorreadanaccountof

apersonrespondingtoasimplequestion.Ineachcase,theresponsetimevariedfromimmediate

toa10-seconddelay.Participantsthenratedthesincerityoftheresponseonasliding

scale.Acrossall14experiments,participantsconsistentlyrateddelayedresponsesasless

sincereregardlessofthequestion.

Thefindingshavewideconnotations.Wheneverpeopleareinteracting,theyarejudgingeach

other'ssincerity.Theseresultscanbeappliedtoawiderangeofinteractions,goingfrom

workplacechatstocouplesandfriendsarguing.Further,injobinterviewsandincourthearings

andtrials,peopleareoftentaskedwithjudgmentsofsincerity.Here,too,responsespeedcould

playapart.Ingeneral,wheneverthereisaresponsethatrequiresananswer,suchasinajob

interview,delayedresponsescanbethoughtaslesssincere.

Itwouldbeunfairfortheresponder,suchasacrimesuspect,iftheresponsedelaywassortedby

mistakeintothoughtcontroloranswermakingupwhenitwasinfactcausedbyadifferent

factor,suchassimplybeingdistractedorthoughtfuLTheexperimentalsofoundthatdefinitely

instructingparticipantstoignoredelayedresponsereduced,butdidnotcompletelyremove,the

effectofdelayedresponseonjudgmentofsincerityorguilt.Nevertheless,onthewhole,afast

responseseemstoberegardedasmoresincere,whilearesponsethatisdelayedforevena

coupleofsecondsmaybeconsideredaslowlie.

12.Whatdoesthereliabilityofanswerslieonaccordingtothestudy?

A.Theresponsetime.B.Theanswercontent.

C.Thetoneofspeakers.D.Thedifficultyofquestions.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword''connotations'1inparagraph3probablymean?

A.Choices.B.Responsibilities.

C.Meanings.D.Possibilities.

14.Whateffectsdoesthestudyresulthaveonourlife?

A.Itisatesttojudgehonesty.

B.Itcanpreventalotofcrimes.

C.Itimprovesskillsinaskingquestions.

D.Itpromotestheharmonybetweenpeople.

15.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Delayedanswersarelies.

B.Itisunfairtorequirealltoanswerslowly.

C.Delayedanswerscanleadtomisjudgment.

D.Delayedresponseshouldbeignoredcompletely.

二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题，共12.5分)

(2021•湖南省•模拟题)BenefitsofEatingMushroomsSearchforthebenefitsofeating

mushroomsandyou'llturnuppagesofinformationabouthowtheycantreatorprevent

everythingfromcancertoheartdisease.(1).Mushroomsaresogoodforus.The

nutrientsinmushroomsarecertainlyofvalue,andthehealthbenefitsmaysurpriseyou.

TheyareoneofthefewplantsourcesofvitaminD.VitaminDcomesfromsunshineand

animals.Fattyfishesandmilksarethemainresources.Mushrooms,ontheotherhand,produce

vitaminDnaturallyandingreatdeal.(2).

Theyarefulloffiberandlowinfat.Byweight,manymushroomspeciesareatleast50percent

carbs(碳水化合物)，andthoughwethinkofcarbsasunhealthy,mostofthecarbsin

mushroomsareactuallyfiber.(3).Theyarefiberswhichcanhelpwithdigestion.

Theymighthelpstaveoffdiseases.Therehavebeenanumberofstudiesclaimingtofindlinks

betweenmushroomsandvariousdiseases.Somenotethatpeoplewhoeatmoremushrooms

tendtohavelowerratesofcancerorheartdisease,whileotherslookathowspecificnutrients

isolatedfrommushroomsaffectcellsinthelab.(4).Sotheactualhealthbenefitsof

mushroomsaredifficulttoconfirm.

(5).Here'sthething：mushroomsarenotonlydefinitelynutritious,butthey'realso

justrathertasty.Fryupsomeonionsandmushroomsinalittlebutterwithabitofsaltandtryto

denyit.Andapartfromsearchingforthemyourself(pleasedon'tdothisunlessyou'reproperly

trained!),there'sreallynoreasontoeatlessofthem.Sogofbrit.

A.Theyaredelicious.

B.Buttheseclaimslacksolidproof.

C.Theycanslowcognitivedeclineinoldage.

D.Asaresult,mushroomsarealmostsuperfood.

第6页，共22页

E.Amushroom'scellshaveallkindsofnon-digestiblecarbs.

F.A100-gramservingwouldmeet50to100percentofourdailyneed.

G.Variouscomponentscanresistbacteriaorprotectthenervoussystem.

16.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

19.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

20.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）

(2021•湖南省•模拟题)"IhavenoideaofwhattogetyouforChristmasthisyear,"myhusband

LarrysaidinearlyDecember.The(1)wentformeinfindingsomethingfor

him.ThoughweknewthatChristmaswasnotabout(2),westilllikedto(3)

eachotherwithsmallgifts.Andwehadreachedthe(4)inourliveswhenwedidn't

needmorethings.

Thena(5)ontheInternetcaughtmyattention.ltwasaboutschoolshavingto(6)

needychildrenwhowantedtoreceiveluncheswhichtheycouldafford.I(7)

thearticlewithLarry.I(8)givingmoneytotheschoollunchprogramforour

Christmaspresents.Larrysmiled(9)andsaidthatwasagreatideaandawayof

payingitforward.

Wevisitedourlocalelementaryschool,thesameoneourfivechildrenhad(10)years

ago.Thesecretaryatthefrontdesklookedfirst(11)andthenpleased.Shedirectedme

tothecafeteriatotalkwiththe(12)there.Theladyincharge(13)ourgift

ofcashwiththanks,sayingthatitwouldmakeabig(14)tosomanychildren.

Thereweren'tmanypresentsunderthetreethatyear,butitwasoneofour(15)

Christmasesever.

21.A.horribleB.sameC.oppositeD.strange

22.A.ambitionsB.presentsC.holidaysD.purchases

23.A.regardB.recognizeC.requestD.reserve

24.A.ceilingB.edgeC.limitationD.stage

25.A.photoB.bookC.postD.video

26.A.findoutB.turndownC.calmdownD.bringup

27.A.sharedB.possessedC.combinedD.criticized

28.A.suggestedB.admittedC.mindedD.appreciated

29.A.proudlyB.widelyC.bitterlyD.politely

30.A.hatedB.servedC.attendedD.visited

31.A.surprisedB.delightedC.movedD.impatient

32.A.managerB.studentC.cook.D.trainer

33.A.refusedB.subscribedC.submittedD.accepted

34.A.promiseB.wishC.differenceD.fortune

35.A.truestB.simplestC.liveliestD.best

四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）

36.(2021•湖南省•模拟题)ThoughmanyWesternnationsrefertotheLunarNewYear

(SpringFestival)asChineseNewYear,bearinmind(1)it'scelebratednotjust

inChinesecommunitiesallovertheworldbutotherAsiannationssuchasVietnamand

theROK.

CountriesthatobserveLunarNewYearoftenofferthreetosevendaysofpublicholidays

but(2)(celebrate)aren'tcompleteuntilthe15thdayofthefirstlunar

month,alsoknownastheLanternFestival.

Familiestend(3)(have)differentsetsofrulesandtraditions,butmostwill

blesseachotherwithauspicious(吉祥的)wordslike"shentijiankang"(wishyou

goodhealth).

There(4)(be)plentyofotherrulesandcustomsattachedtotheLunarNew

Year.(5)instance,don'twashorcutyourhaironthefirstdayofthenew

year.TheChinesecharacterforhairisthefirstcharacterinthewordforprosperity(成

功).Therefore,washingorcuttingitoff(6)(see)aswashingyourfortune

away.You'llalsowanttoavoid(7)(purchase)footwearfortheentirelunar

month,asthetermforshoes(haai)soundslikelosingandsighingin

Cantonese.Do,however,wearred.It'sassociatedwithluck(8)prosperity.

Throughoutthefestival,hostswillpreparecandyboxesandsnacksfortheir

第8页，共22页

guests.Marriedcouplesareexpectedtohandoutredpackets(9)(fill)with

moneytochildrenandunmarriedadultstowish(10)(they)goodluck.

五、书面表达(本大题共2小题，共40.0分)

37.(2021•河北省沧州市•模拟题)你校英语报正在举办主题为“我最爱的人"(MyBeloved

One)英语作文比赛，请你写一篇短文参加比赛，内容包括：

1.简要描写外貌；

2.以事例说明他/她最大的性格特征。

注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

MyBelovedOne

38.(2021・湖南省・模拟题)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头续写两段，使之构

成一篇完整的短文。

"AtthebeginningoftheCOVID-19,Iwentthroughsomepainfulpersonalstuffand

wouldoftengooutatnightforlongwalksbecausenoonewasaroundandIcouldn'tsleep

any-way,“KellywroteonTwitter.

"OnenightIwaswalkingdownmystreetandnoticedthatsomeonehadsetupafewlittle

objectsinatreeplanteranduponcloserinspection,!realizeditwasafairygardenwitha

littlenoteaboutthe4-year-oldgirl,Eliana,whofeltlonelyinquarantine(隔离期)and

wantedtospreadsomecheer."

KellywroteanotetoElianapretendingtobeafairynamedSapphirethathadcometolive

inthetree."IsaidIwouldgiftheramagicalfairydice(骰子)ifshedid3thingsforme,"

Kellysaid.Kellyputthenoteinasmallbottlefilledwithglitterandplaceditinthe

garden,unsureifshewouldgetaresponse.

Thenextday,shefoundahandwrittenletterfromElianaexplainingshehadcompletedall

ofSapphire'stasks.Kellysaidsheimmediatelyburstintotears.uSoIleftabunchofmy

dicethathadsmallimperfectionsandleftheranothernoteandalsoalittleextranotefor

herparentswithmynameandphonenumbersotheycouldcontactmeandknowIwasn't

somebadpersonleavingnotesfortheirsmallchild,HKellysaid.

"DoingthiseverynightgavemepurposeinahorriblypainfulandlonelytimeJKellysaid.

"Ilookedforwardtomydaysagainandstartedorderingartsuppliesandlittletoystoleave

her.”

"Wewrotebackandforththroughoutthelast9months,helpingeachotherfeellesslone-ly

andIgottochatwithhermomviatexttomakesuremygiftswerealittlemorepersonal."

注意：

1.续写的词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

ThegirfsmothertoldKellythattheyweremovingtoanother

city._________________________

ThegirFsmotherpreferredKellytoactasafairytosaygoodbyetoher

daughter.________________________

第10页，共22页

答案和解析

1.【答案】

【小题1】A【小题2】D【小题3】B

【知识点】应用文、时文广告

【解析】（1）A.细节理解题。根据”CS50'sIntroductiontoComputerScience"部分"Length：

14weeksEffort：6hoursperweek'1（时长:14周工作时间:每周6小时）可知，,'CS50,s

IntroductiontoComputerScience”总共需要84小时的学习时间，根据"Masterpiecesof

WorldLiterature”部分"Length：12weeksEffort：8hoursperweek"（时长：12周工作时

间：每周8小时）可知，"MasterpiecesofWorldLilerature”总共需要96小时的学习时间，

根据"TheHealthEffectsofClimateChange"部分"Length：9weeksEffort：10hoursperweek',

（工作时间：9周工作时间：每周10小时可知，HTheHealthEffectsofClimateChange"

总共需要90个小时的学习时间，根据"GlobalChina：FromtheMongolstotheMing”部分

"Length：15weeksEffort：6hoursperweek”（时长：15周工作时间:每周6小时）可知,

"GlobalChina：FromtheMongolstotheMing”总共需要90个小时的学习时间。所以

"MasterpiecesofWorldLiterature"需要最多的学习时间。故选A.

（2）D.数字计算题。根据"GlobalChina：FromtheMongolstotheMing"部分最后两句"How

theMongolscreatedthegreatestempireinhumanhistory."（蒙古人如何创造了人类历史上

最伟大的帝国。）和"HowtheMingDynastyestablishedanewglobaleconomy."（明朝

如何建立新的全球经济。）可知，这门课是关于历史的，再根据"AddaVerifiedCrtificate

for¥643”（已验证证书需添加¥643）可知，学生应该付¥643获取有关历史的已验证

证书。故选D.

（3）B.细节理解题。根据"TheHealthEffectsofClimateChange”部分的"Instructors：Ashish

Jha"（讲师:AshishJha）可知，AshishJha教授的是“气候变化对健康的影响这］课，所

以从AshishJha教授那里可以学到气候变化如何影响人类。故选B.

这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了哈佛大学的一些网上课程。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。因为阅读理解题

一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能

多地捕获信息材料。

其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清

每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。

要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性。对于捕获到的信息，要做认真

分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

4.【答案】

【小题1】B【小题2】D【小题3】A【小题4】C

【知识点】记叙文、日常生活

［解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据第一段CynthiaBennettandAndreSibilsky,anew

couple,wantedahighenergydogthattheycouldtakeonlonghikesandcampingexplorations

fromColoradotoCalifornia.（新婚夫妇辛西娅•班尼特和安德烈•西比尔斯基想要“只精

力充沛的狗，这样他们就可以从科罗拉多到加利福尼亚进行长途徒步旅行和野营探险。）

可知，Henry被选中的原因是精力充沛，能够适应长途跋涉。B.Heisactiveandenergetic.

（他很活跃，精力充沛）正确。故选B.

（2）D.推理判断题。根据第一段Buthe'sabigsoftywithsevereseparationanxiety,so

eventually,thecouplesearchedforacalmyetadventurouscatthatcouldkeepHenry

company-andkeepupwithhimonthepaths.（但他是一个有严重分离焦虑的软弱的狗，所

以最终，这对夫妇寻找了一只冷静但有冒险精神的猫，可以陪伴亨利，并在道路上跟上

他。）可知，两只动物的性格互补。D.Theymatcheachotherinpersonality.（他们在性格

上互相匹配）正确。故选D.

（3）A.推理判断题。根据第四段CynthiaandAndrestartedtheHenryandBaloo

Foundation,anofficialnonprofitorganizationwithamissiontopreserve1,000acresacrossthe

Westandhelpreforestlandthathasbeenclaimedbywildfires.（辛西娅和安德烈创立了亨

利和巴卢基金会（HenryandBalooFoundation）,这是一个官方的非营利性组织，旨在

保护西部的1000英亩土地，帮助重新造林被野火烧毁的土地。）和第五段Cynthiaand

AndrehopethattheadventuresofHenryandBaioowillinspireotherstodiscover,exploreand

treasureourcountry*snaturalbeauty.（辛西娅和安德烈希望亨利和巴卢的冒险将激励其他

人发现，探索和珍惜我们国家的自然美景。）可知，夫妇二人探险的目的是要保护大自

然。A.Toprotectthenaturalenvironment.（保护自然环境）正确。故选A.

（4）C.标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了一只狗和一只猫的故事。C.HenryandBaloo（亨利

和宝龙）为最佳标题。故选C.

本文是一篇记叙文。一只狗和一只猫在与主人一起旅行期间形成了一种和谐的关系，这

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在网络上迅速走红。

1.直接信息题：

直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。

2.间接信息题：

间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原

文信息进行转换。

3.综合信息题：

综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或

者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章

取义。

8.【答案】

【小题1】D【小题2】B【小题3】A【小题4】C

【知识点】科技信息与发明创新、说明文

【解析】（1）D.推理判断题。根据第二段第二句"That'sabeautifultestflightofStarship10."

（那是星际飞船10号的一次漂亮的试飞。）可知，虽然火箭爆炸了，但是Johnlnsprucker

认为这是一次漂亮的试飞。根据第一段第二句"Approximatelythreeminutesafter

landing,however,therocketexplodedatitslandingplace."（然而，在着陆大约3分钟后，

火箭在着陆地点爆炸。）和第二段第一句"We'vehadasuccessfulsofttouchdownonthe

landingsite"（我们在着陆点进行了成功的软着陆）可知，JohnInsprucker认为虽然火箭

在着陆地点爆炸，但是至少在着陆点进行了成功的软着陆。所以虽然失败了，但也是一

次突破。故选D.

（2）B.目的意图题。根据第二段最后一句"Theprimarygoalofthetestwastogatherdataon

howthevehicle'sflaps（襟翼）wouldcontroltheStarshiprocketasitfallsbacktotheEarth."

（该测试的主要目的是收集有关飞船襟翼如何在飞船落回地球时控制火箭的数据。）可

知，这个测试的目的是找到一种实用的火箭再利用方法。故选B.

（3）A.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句"It'samethodthatMusksaidisintendedtolearn

howaskydiverwouldfallthroughtheair,ratherthanthestraightvertical（垂直）divetothe

EarththatSpaceX'sFal-con9rocketsemploywhentheycomeinforlandings."（马斯克说，

这种方法是为了了解跳伞者是如何从空中坠落的，而不是SpaceX的FaLcon9火箭在着

陆时采用的直接垂直俯冲地球的方式。）可知，Space'sFalcon9火箭是垂直降落的。

故选A.

（4）C.目的意图题。根据最后一段"SpaceXintendstouseStarshipforavarietyof

purposes,includingshuttlingpayingcus-tomersbetweencitiesatbreakneckspeeds,potentially

aidingNASA'sMoonlandingefforts,and,eventually,launchinggoodsandhumanmissionsto

Mars."（SpaceX打算将星际飞船用于多种用途，包括以极快的速度在城市间穿梭，可能

有助于美国宇航局的登月工作，并最终向火星发射货物和载人任务。）可知，星际飞船

的最终目标是载人去火星。故选C.

本文是一篇说明文。星舰SN10,美国“太空探索"（SpaceX）公司研发的“星际飞船"，

在升空试验降落着陆后发生爆炸。星舰公司CEOMusk和总工程师都认为失败是成功道

路上的一步。

做这类题材的阅读理解时要求考生对文章先通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性

的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基

础上进行合理地分析，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

12.【答案】

【小题1]A【小题2】C【小题3】A【小题4】C

【知识点】科技信息与发明创新、说明文

【解析】（1）A.细节理解题。根据第•一段Whenpeoplepausebeforereplyingtoa

question,evenforjustafewseconds,theiranswersaresupposedtobelesssincereand

believablethaniftheyhadrepliedimmediately.Andthelongerthehesitationlasts,theless

sinceretheresponseappears.（当人们在回答一个问题前停顿，即使只有几秒钟，他们的

回答也会被认为比他们立即回答时更不真诚和可信。犹豫的时间越长，对方的反应就越

不真诚。）可知，研究认为，回答的可信度取决于回答问题时的响应时间。A.Theresponse

time.（相应的时间）正确。故选A.

（2）C.词义猜测题。根据第三段Thefindingshavewideconnotations.Wheneverpeopleare

interacting.theyarejudgingeachother'ssincerity.Theseresultscanbeappliedtoawiderange

ofinteractions,goingfromworkplacechatstocouplesandfriendsarguing.Furtherjnjob

interviewsandincourthearingsandtrials,peopleareoftentaskedwithjudgmentsof

sincerity.Here,too,responsespeedcouldplayapart.Ingeneral,wheneverthereisaresponsethat

requiresananswer,suchasinajobinterview,delayedresponsescanbethoughtaslesssincere.

（这些发现具有广泛的内涵。当人们在交往时，他们会判断彼此的诚意。这些结果可以

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应用于广泛的互动，从工作聊天到夫妻和朋友之间的争吵。此外，在求职面试、法庭听

证和审判中，人们经常被要求判断对方是否真诚。在这方面，反应速度也可以起到一定

作用。一般来说，当有一个需要回答的问题时，比如在工作面试中，延迟回答会被认为

是不真诚的。）结合这段内容，主要说明实验的结论有广泛的“含义"，可用于很多地方。

A.Choices.选择;B.Responsibilities.责任；C.Meanings.含义；D.Possibilities.可能性。故选

C.

（3）A.推理判断题。根据第三段Wheneverpeopleareinteracting,theyarejudgingeach

other'ssincerity.（当人们在交往时，他们会判断彼此的诚意。）可知，实验的结果可用

于判断诚实度。A.Itisatesttojudgehonesty.（这是一种判断诚实与否的测试）正确。故

选A.

（4）C.推理判断题。最后一段Itwouldbeunfairforther