《高中英语全程课件：语法知识整合篇》

高中英语全程课件：语法知识整合篇WelcometoourcomprehensiveEnglishGrammarcourse!ThisseriesofpresentationswillcoveralltheessentialcomponentsofEnglishgrammarinafunandengagingway.Joinusonajourneyofdiscovery!PartsofSpeechNounsThebasicbuildingblocksofsentences.PronounsUsedtoreplacenounstoavoidrepetition.VerbsExpressactionorastateofbeing.Adjectives,AdverbsProvideadditionalinformationaboutnounsandverbs,respectively.PrepositionsShowtherelationshipbetweennounsandotherwordsinasentence.ConjunctionsUsedtoconnectwords,phrases,orclauses.InterjectionsExpressemotionsandfeelings.Subject-VerbAgreementVerbsmustagreewiththeirsubjectsinnumberandperson.Insingularsubjects,asingularverbisused.Inpluralsubjects,apluralverbisused.Somesubjectsaretricky,likecollectivenounsorphrasesbeginningwith"each"or"every".TensesPresentUsedtodescribeactionshappeningnoworregularly.PastUsedtodescribeactionsthathappenedinthepast.FutureUsedtodescribeactionsthatwillhappeninthefuture.ActiveandPassiveVoiceActiveVoiceSubjectperformstheactionoftheverb.PassiveVoiceTheactionisdonetothesubject.DirectandIndirectSpeech1DirectSpeechTheexactwordsofthespeakerarequoted.2IndirectSpeechThespeaker'swordsarereportedbyanotherperson.3PunctuationchangesWhenchangingdirectspeechtoindirectspeech,tense,pronounsandpunctuationmayneedtobechanged.ConditionalSentencesHypotheticalsituationsareexpressedwith"if"clauses.Therearefourdifferenttypesofconditionalsentences,dependingonthelikelihoodofthesituationhappeningandwhetheritreferstothepast,presentorfuture.Conditionalsentenceshaveamainclauseandasubordinateclause.ModalVerbsCanAbility,possibility,permission,request,offerorsuggestion.Could,Should,Would,Might,May,MustExpressvariousdegreesofcertainty,obligation,orpossibility.UsedtoindicateshadesofmeaningNuanceisimportantinexpressingdifferentattitudesandperspectives.RelativeClauses1Who,whom,whose,whichUsedtogiveadditionalinformationaboutanoun.2Canbeessentialornon-essentialIftheclauseaddscriticalinformation,itisessentialandhasnocommas.Ifitaddsnonessentialinformation,itneedscommas.3Restrictiveandnon-restrictiveclausesThedifferenceisinhowmuchtheclausenarrowsdownthemeaningofthenoun.Restrictiveclausesnarrowitdownsignificantly,whilenon-restrictiveclausesdonot.InfinitivesandGerundsInfinitivesTo+verb.Usedtoexpresspurpose,obligation,permissionorability.GerundsVerb+ing.Usedassubject,object,complementorobjectofapreposition.ParticiplesPresentParticiples(-ing)Usedtoformcontinuoustenses,participialadjectives,andparticipialphrases.PastParticiples(-ed,-en)Usedtoformperfecttenses,passivetenses,andparticipialadjectives.DanglingParticiplesWhenparticiplesdon'thaveaclearnounorpronountomodify,theycreateawkwardsentences.Simple,CompoundandComplexSentencesSimplesentenceshaveoneindependentclause.Compoundsentenceshavetwoindependentclausesjoinedbyacoordinatingconjunction.Complexsentenceshaveoneindependentclauseandoneormoredependentclauses.Varyingsentencestructurekeepswritinginterestingandengaging.ClauseAnalysis1SubjectThemainactorordoerinaclause.2PredicateTheverbandanyobjectsormodifiersthatcompletetheclause.3NounClausesUsedassubject,object,orcomplement.4AdverbClausesUsedtomodifyverbs,adverbs,oradjectives.5AdjectiveClausesUsedtomodifynounsandpronouns.PhrasalVerbsVerb+prepositionoradverbUsedtocreateidiomaticexpressionswithvariedmeaningsanduses.CommoninEnglishOftenconfusingfornon-nativespeakers.CanchangethemeaningoftheverbentirelyPhrasalverbsareusuallyidiomaticandnon-literal,whichiswhytheycanbeconfusing.Collocations1Wordsthatcommonly"gotogether"Like"makeamistake"or"takeabreak".2CanimprovefluencyUsingcollocationscorrectlymakesyousoundmorenaturalandfluent.3CanbelearnedthroughcontextandpracticeReading,listening,andpracticingiskey.PunctuationCommas(，)Separateitemsinalist,separateclauses,andshowwheretobreathe.FullStops(。)Usedtoendasentence.QuestionMarks(？)Usedtoendaquestion.ExclamationMarks(！)Usedtoexpresss