2021届新高考版高考英语小题优练冲刺训练（十八）（含答案解析）

2021新高考版高考英语小题优练冲刺训练（十八）

应用文阅读+记叙文阅读+说明文阅读+七选五+应用文写作

PassageA

Sharksareamazingcreatures.Theyareknownasthedeadliesthuntersinthesea.

Fortunatelymostarenot,buttherearesomekindsofsharksthatcanbeextremelydangerous.

Lookattheseshortdescriptionsoffourkindsofsharks.

TheGreatWhiteShark

GreatWhitesareoneofthemostfrighteningcreaturesinthesea.Theyliveintropicaland

subtropicalwaters,andtheycangrowupto9meterslong.MostGreatWhitesareactuallygrey,

blueorbrownwithawhitebelly,andtheirpowerfulteetharetriangleswithedgeslikesaws.

TheWhaleShark

WhaleSharksarethelargestkindofsharkintheworld-upto11metersinlength.Theylive

intropicalwatersallaroundtheworld,buttheyarenotdangerous.WhaleSharksarebrownor

greywithwhiteoryellowstripes.Theyoftentravelnearthesurfaceofthesea.

TheMakoShark

MakoSharksarefiercepredators.TheycomefromthesamefamilyofsharksastheGreat

Whiteandtheyareespeciallyfast-theycanswimatspeedsofupto65kilometersperhour.They

arelargebluishsharksfoundintheAtlantic,PacificandIndianoceans.MakoSharkscangrowup

to3meterslong.

TheGreatHammerheadShark

TheGreatHammerheads*moststrikingfeatureisitswidethickheadwhichlookslikea

hammer.TheaveragesizeofaGreatHammerheadisapproximately3.5meters,butcangrowup

to6meterslong.Thesesharksaverageover500poundsbutcanweighasmuchas1,000pounds.

Likemostsharksthefemalesarelargerthanthemales.Theyhaveseveralrowsofteeththathave

24to37teethperrow.TheGreatHammerheadhasaverykeensenseofsmell,whichhelpsfind

itsprey.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.Sharksusuallyliveinicywaters.

B.MakoSharksarefastbutnotdangerous.

C.GreatWhiteshaveatleast24to37sharpteeth.

D.WhaleSharksarebiggerthanothersharksinthesea.

2.WhyisasharkcalledtheGreatHammerhead?

A.Thesizeofitsbody.B.Thewatersitlivesin.

C.Theshapeofitshead.D.Thefunctionofitsteeth.

3.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?

A.Anewsreport.B.Abookreview.

C.Anadvertisement.D.Abiologymagazine.

PassageB

OneSaturdayafternooninJune,inthebusystreetsofcentralLondon,somethingstrange

happened.AmanwasseenapparentlyfloatingbesideaLondonbusasitdroveabouttown.Oneof

hisarmswasstretchedoutandwasattachedtotheroofofthebus.Thisarmappearedtobetheonly

thingsupportingtherestofhisbody.Themanwavedtothecrowdswithhisotherhandandmoved

hislegs.Washereallywalkingonair?Howwasitpossible?Itturnedouttobethelatestshowfrom

Dynamo,oneoftheworld'smostthrillingillusionists（魔术师）.

Thiswasn'tthefirsttimeDynamohadamazedthepeopleofLondon.Twoyearsearlier,tourists

walkingbytheRiverThameswerealittleconcernedtoseeayoungmangodownsomestepstothe

edgeoftheriverandlookthoughtfullyacrosstotheotherside.Washegoingtothrowhimselfinto

theriver?Moreandmorepeoplegatheredonthebridgetoseewhatwasgoingon.Andtotheir

completedisbelief,helifteduphisfootandsteppedontothewater.Hedidn'tsink!Thenhetook

anotherstep,andanother,andanother.Hundredsofphotosweretakenbytheonlookersandthenext

daythenewspaperswerefullofthefascinatingstory.

DynamoisthestagenameofStephenFrayne,whowasborninthenorthernEnglishtownof

Bradford.Hewasattractedbystreetmagiciansasachildandwantedtobecomeoneinthefuture.

Taughtbyhisgrandfather,heshowedgreattalentinit.Hecombinedcardtrickswithbreakingdance

andthenmadeanameforhimself.Butnowwhateveryonewantstoknowis:afterwalkingonair

andwater,whatishegoingtodonext?

4.HowdidDynamoastonishtheaudience?

A.ByfloatingonthetopofaLondonbus.

B.Byperformingsomequiteunbelievabletricks.

C.Bybeingattachedtothebuswithonehand.

D.Bybeingamagicianasayoungboy.

5.WhathelpedDynamogainhisearliestfame?

A.Owningaspecialstagename.

B.WalkingacrosstheRiverThamesalone.

C.Beingtheonlyonefloatingbyamovingbus.

D.Presentinganappealingcombinedtrick.

6.WhoinspiredDynamotodecideonhiscareerfirst?

A.Somestreetmagicians.

B.Hisgrandfather.

C.Breakingdanceperformers.

D.Theaudience.

7.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Dynamooncewasagreatmagician.

B.Dynamo'sgrandpaknowsagreatmagician.

C.Dynamo'scareeristakingoff.

D.Dynamoisthemostsuccessfulmagicianatpresent.

PassageC

Whenhewastwoyearsold,Benstoppedseeingoutofhislefteye.Hismothertookhimtothe

doctorandsoondiscoveredhehadcancerinbotheyes.Afterpossibletreatmentsfailed,doctors

removedbothhiseyes.ForBen,visionwasgoneforever.

Butbythetimehewassevenyearsold,hehaddevelopedatechniqueforfeelingtheworld

aroundhim:heclickedwithhismouthandlistenedforthereturningechoes.Thismethodenabled

Bentodeterminethelocationsofopendoorways,people,parkedcars,garbagecans,andsoon.He

wasecholocating:bouncinghissoundwavesoffobjectsintheenvironmentandcatchingthe

reflectionstobuildamentalmodelofhissurroundings.

Echolocationmaysoundlikeanimprobablefeatfbrahuman,butthousandsofblindpeople

haveperfectedthisskill,justlikeBendid.Theeventhasbeenwrittenaboutsinceatleastthe1940s,

whentheword"echolocation”wasfirstinventedinasciencearticletitledEcholocationbyBlind

Men,Bats,andRadar.n

Howcouldblindnessgiverisetotheamazingabilitytounderstandthesurroundingswithone's

ears?Theanswerliesinagiftonthebrain;hugeadaptability.

MotherNaturefilledourbrainswithflexibilitytoadapttocircumstances.Justassharpteeth

andfastlegsareusefulforsurvival,soisthebrain'sabilitytoreset,whichallowsforlearning,

memory,anddieabilitytodevelopnewskills.

InBen'scase,hisbrain'sflexiblewiringrepurposedhisvisualcortexforprocessingsound.As

aresult,Benhadmoreneuronsavailabletodealwithlisteninginformation,andthisincreased

processingpowerallowedBentointerpretsoundwavesinshockingdetail.Ben'ssuper-hearing

provesamoregeneralrule:themorebrainareaaparticularsensehas,thebetteritperforms.

1.HowdidBen4tsee^^afterhehadhiseyesremoved?

A.Byusingawalkingstick.B.Byaskingothersforhelp.

C.Byinventinganewsystem.D.Byecholocatingsurroundings.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"fbat"inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Skill.B.Task.C.Sense.D.Invention.

3.WhatcanwelearnfromBen'scase?

A.Helaughsbestwholaughslast.

B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

C.Godshutsonedoorbutheopensanother.

D.Manbecomeslearnedbyaskingquestions.

4.Inwhichcolumnofamagazinecanwereadthispassage?

A.CultureShock.B.HumanBiology.

C.ScientificTechnology.D.EnvironmentalProtection.

PassageD

Amsterdam'sBlossomingBikesPopUp

Brightlycolouredbikesdecoratedinflowers,butterfliesandclockshavebeenpoppingupall

overAmsterdamforyears.1.TheyarefromanAmericanmannamedWarren

Gregory.

KnownfondlyastheFlowerBikeMan,Warren^bike-decoratingcampaignbeganwhenhis

wifecouldn'tfindherbikeatAmsterdamCentral.Warren'swife,Michelle,oftenstruggledto

rememberdetailslikewheresheparkedherbike.Tohelpherout,Warrendecoratedherbikein

brightflowers.2.Hethendecoratedabunchofabandonedbikes,whichheleftalongthe

routehomesothatshewouldnevergetlostagain.

3.Warrenstarteddecoratingmorebikes,andthenventuredoutintothestreetsearly

inthemorningtoleavehisgiftstotheworldbeforethecitywokeup.Eachbikewascarefullynamed

andhaditsownpersonality,allrepresentingloveandhappiness.

Warrencreatesthebikesusingmoneyoutofhisownpocket,andusesold,abandonedbikes

thathecollects.Bringingtheseforgottenwrecksbacktolifeisbeautifulinsomanyways.Ina

countrywherepeoplelovebikessomuch,it'snowonderthatWarrenhasbecomeatreasurein

Amsterdam.PeopleloveWarren'sbicyclessomuchthattheyinsistonpayingforhiscreations.

4.“Forme,seeingthebikesIcreatedisenough,“hesaid.

Otherthanbeingacreativeartist,Warrenisalsoareallyniceguy.HisInstagrampostsare

floodedwithencouragementsandwordsoflove,andyoucanfeelthetimeandlovethathepours

intoeverybikethathecreates.5.

A.Buttheyareunacceptable

B.Inthatcase,itwouldbeeasiertofind

C.Butmoneyisneverhismainmotivation

D.Youmaywonderwhytheyaresopopular

E.Joyofpassers-bygeneratedhisfurtherenthusiasm

F.WetrulyneedmorepeopleliketheFlowerBikeMan

G.TheyarenottheworksfromamysteriousDutchbikefairy

PassageE

假设你是李华，上周四下午，你学校学生会举办了“世界地球日”活动。作为学校英语报

社的记者，请你就本次活动写一篇题目为“EarthDay,TakeAction”的英文报道。内容要点如

下：

1.活动的时间、地点;

2.活动内容：

(1)打扫教室卫生；

(2)校园捡垃圾；

(3)检查水龙头等；

3.活动的意义。

注意：词数80左右；可适当增加细节使行文连贯

EarthDay,TakeAction

参考答案：

A

1.D根据TheWhaleShark中“WhaleSharksarethelargestkindofsharkintheworld-upto

11metersinlength.(鲸鲨是世界上最大的鲨鱼，身长可达11米。)”可知，鲸鲨比海里的其

他鲨鱼都大。故选D项。

2.C根据TheGreatHammerheadShark中“TheGreatHammerheads'moststrikingfeature

isitswidethickheadwhichlookslikeahammer.(大锤头鲨最显著的特征是它又宽又厚的头，

看起来像锤子。)”可知，因为它头的形状，有一种鲨鱼被称为大锤头鲨。故选C项。

3.D根据第一段uSharksareamazingcreatures.Theyareknownasthedeadliesthuntersin

thesea.Fortunatelymostarenot,buttherearesomekindsofsharksthatcanbeextremely

dangerous.Lookattheseshortdescriptionsoffourkindsofsharks.(鲨鱼是令人惊奇的生物。它

们是海洋中最致命的猎手。幸运的是，大多数鲨鱼都不是，但有一些种类的鲨鱼可能是极其

危险的。看看这些对四种鲨鱼的简短描述。)”本文介绍了四种海洋里的鲨鱼，可知，本文

可能选自一本生物学杂志。故选D项。

B

1o根据第二段第一句“Thiswasn'tthefirsttimeDynamohadamazedthepeopleofLondon.

（这已经不是迪纳摩第一次让伦敦人感到惊讶了）''和第五句"Andtotheircompletedisbelief,he

lifteduphisfootandsteppedontothewater.（让他们完全难以置信的是，他抬起一只脚，踩到

了水面上广可知，迪纳摩表演了一些令人难以置信的戏法，使观众们大吃一惊。故选B。

2o根据最后一段倒第二句"Hecombinedcardtrickswithbreakingdanceandthenmadea

nameforhimself.（他把纸牌戏法和霹雳舞结合起来，然后就出了名户可知，一个吸引人的组

合戏法帮助迪纳摩获得了他最早的名声。故选D。

3o根据最后一段第二句"Hewasattractedbystreetmagiciansasachildandwantedto

becomeoneinthefulure.（他从小就被街头魔术师所吸引，并希望将来能成为一名街头魔术

师）”可知，一些街头魔术师启发迪纳摩决定了他的职业生涯。故选A。

4o根据最后一段最后一句"Butnowwhateveryonewantstoknowis:afterwalkingonair

andwater,whatishegoingtodonext?（但现在每个人都想知道的是：在空中和水上行走之后，

他下一步要做什么？）”可知，现在每个人都在期待他的表扬，所以迪纳摩的事业正在起飞。

故选C。

C

1o根据第二段中"Butbythetimehewassevenyearsold,hehaddevelopedatechniquefor

feelingtheworldaroundhim:heclickedwithhismouthandlistenedforthereturningechoes.（但

在他七岁的时候，他已经发展出了一种感受周围世界的技术：他用嘴发出咔哒咔哒的声音，

听着声音的回音）“可知，Ben的眼睛被摘除后，他通过回声定位周围环境。故选D。

2o根据画线词后文“butthousandsofblindpeoplehaveperfectedthisskill,justlikeBen

did”可知，回声定位对人类来说可能听起来是一项不太可能的技能，但成千上万的盲人已经

完善了这项技能，就像Ben一样。由此推知，画线词意思是“技能:A.Skill.技能；B.Task.

任务;C.Sense.感觉；D.Invention.发明。故选A。

3o根据第一段的“ForBen,visionwasgoneforever”（对于Ben来说视觉永远失去了）和

最后•段中“InBen'scase,hisbrain'sflexiblewiringrepurposedhisvisualcortexforprocessing

sound.Asaresult,Benhadmoreneuronsavailabletodealwithlisteninginformation,andthis

increasedprocessingpowerallowedBentointerpretsoundwavesinshockingdetail.（在Ben的例

子中，他大脑的灵活线路改变了他的视觉皮层处理声音的功能。结果，Ben有了更多的神经

元可用来处理听到的信息，这种增强的处理能力使Ben能够以惊人的细节解释声波）”可知，

Ben虽然失去了视力，但发展出了回声定位的技能，所以他的故事告诉我们“天无绝人之路''

的道理。故选C。

4»根据倒数第二段“MotherNaturefilledourbrainswithflexibilitytoadaptto

circumstances.Justassharpteethandfastlegsareusefulforsurvival,soisthebrain'sabilityto

reset,whichallowsforlearning,memory,anddieabilitytodevelopnewskills.（大自然让我们的

大脑充满了适应环境的灵活性。就像锋利的牙齿和快速的腿有助于生存一样，大脑的重置能

力也是如此，它允许学习、记忆和死亡发展新技能的能力）”结合文章讲述了Ben两岁时摘除

了双眼，结果他在七岁时发展出了回声定位的技能。大自然让我们的大脑充满了适应环境的

灵活性，Ben的超级听力证明了一个更普遍的规律：一种特殊感官在大脑中占据的区域越多，

它的表现就越好。可推知，文章可能选自“人类生物学”专栏。故选B。

D

1：根据前文"Brightlycolouredbikesdecoratedinflowers,butterfliesandclockshavebeen

poppingupalloverAmsterdamforyears.（多年来，装饰着鲜花、蝴蝶和钟表的色彩鲜艳的自行

车在阿姆斯特丹随处可见。）”可知，出现在阿姆斯特丹的自行车装扮漂亮，结合后文"Theyare

fromanAmericanmannamedWarrenGregory.（它们来自一个叫沃伦.格雷戈里的美国人。）”

可知，G项”它们不是来自神秘的荷兰自行车精灵的作品。”与后文语义一致，介绍这种装扮

鲜艳的自行车的由来。故选G。

2：根据前文“Warren'sbike-decoratingcampaignbeganwhenhiswifecouldn'tfindherbike

atAmsterdamCentral.Warren'swife,Michelle,oftenstruggledtorememberdetailslikewhere

sheparkedherbike.Tohelpheroul,Warrendecoratedherbikeinbrightflowers.（他的自行车装

饰活动始于他妻子在阿姆斯特丹中心找不到她的自行车。沃伦的妻子米歇尔经常很难记住一

些细节，比如她把自行车停在了哪里。为了帮助她，沃伦用鲜艳的花装饰她的自行车。）"

可知，这种装扮鲜艳的自行车初衷是沃伦用来帮助妻子快速找到自行车而为的。选项B“那

样的话，就更容易找到了。”承接前文，与后文"HeIhendecoratedabunchofabandonedbikes,

whichheleftalongtheroutehomesothatshewouldnevergetlostagain.（然后他装饰了一堆废

弃的自行车，把它们放在回家的路上，这样她就不会再迷路了。）”相呼应，语义通顺。故选

B。

3：根据后文"Warrenstarteddecoratingmorebikes,andthenventuredoutintothestreets

earlyinthemorningtoleavehisgiftstotheworldbeforethecitywokeup.（沃伦开始装饰更多

的自行车，然后在清晨走上街头，在这座城市苏醒之前将他的礼物献给全世界。）”可知，沃

伦更热衷于装扮自行车，所以E项“过路人的欢乐使他更加兴奋。”说明了沃伦热衷于此的原

因。故选E。

4：根据前文