2021届高三毕业班高考模拟联考英语试题(解析版)

绝密★启用前

辽宁省“决胜新高考•名校交流”

2021届高三毕业班下学期3月高考模拟联考卷

英语试题

（解析版）

2021年3月

注意事项：

1.本试题卷共8页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

2.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡的相应位置。

3.全部答案在答题卡上完成,答在本试题卷上无效。

4.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号

涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

5.考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两巧满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标卷试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上

的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出

最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一

小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C,£9.15.

答案是C。

1.WhatisthemangoingtobuyforJarsmin?

A.ABarbie.B.Atypewriter.C.Anoldartwork.

2.Howmuchdidthemanpayintheend?

A.$300.B.$600,C.$900

3.Whatdoesthewomanreallymean?

A.Nocompetitorsgetinjured.

B.Somecompetitorsaregivingup.

C.CompetitorswiIIgotothefinaldespitedifficulties.

4.Whatdoesthewomanwanttogivetheman?

A.Acoat.B.Abook.C.Somefruits.

5.Whichsubjectdoesthemanwanttochangeto?

A-Chinese.B.Painting.C.Businesscommunication.

第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三

个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小

题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6,7题。

6.Whichcarhasgotitsbackdamaged?

A.Thewhitecar.B.ThebIackcar.CTheredcar.

7.WhatwiIIthespeakersprobabIydonext?

A.CaIItheambuIance.B.Turntothepolice.C.Taketheinjured

tothehospital.

听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

8.What*stheprobabIerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.CoIIeagues.B.Auntandnephew.C.Classmates.

9.What'stheweatherIikeinSydneythistimeofyear?

A.Verycold.B.Verysunny.C.VerycooI.

10.WhatwiIIthemandoinSydney?

A.VisitMary.B.Staywithhisaunt.C.CeIebratetheNewYear.

听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。

11.Whatkindofplaneticketdoesthewomanwant?

A.Firstclass.B.Businessclass.C.EconomycIass.

12.WhendoesthewomanplantoIeaveforSydney?

A.At7：15.B.At6：00.C.At4：45.

13.HowwiIIthewomanpayforhertickets?

A.BypayingatonceonIine.

B.Bypayingatthecheck-indesk.

C.Byturningtoapersontopayatonce.

听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。

14.Whosebirthdayisittoday?

A.Tony's.B.Helen's.C.Jack's.

15.HowdoesthemanfindthismodeIpIane?

A.TerribIe.B.Cheap.C.WonderfuI.

16.WheredoestheconversationprobabIytakepIace?

A.AtTony'shouse.B.IntheoldStreetMarket.C.Inabookstore.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.WhendidHip-Hopstart?

A.Inthe2000s.B.Inthe1990s.C.Inthe1970s.

18.WhatwastheproblemoftheyouthinNewYorktomakemusic?

A.Theycouldn'taffordexpensiveinstruments.

B.TheywerenotalwayssopopuIar.

CTheyweretoobusytopractice.

19.WhatisspeciaIaboutthebreakdancing?

A.ItiseasytoIearn.B.ItwasIikefightingatfirst.C.Itisnow

abigbusiness.

20.WhatdoesthespeakermainlytaIkabout?

A.Thebirthoftwopopcultures.

B.Thecharacteroftwopopcultures.

C.ThedeveIopmentoftwopopcultures.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Differentfromatext-heavynoveI,coffeetablebooksofferIargeimages

andsmaIIersectionsoftext,allowingustoeasilydiveinandexplore.

TheMetropolitanMuseumofArt：MasterpiecePaintingsbyKathrynCalley

GaIitz

Ifyou*reunabIetowanderalongthecorridorsofthisworId-famous

museumyourseIf,don'tpanic：thisbookoffersanimpressiveinsightinto

someofthemasterpieceshousedhere.AmazingimageswiIIattractthecasuaI

reader,whileinsightsfromGaIitz,curator（馆长）ofthemuseum,into

differentpiecesaresettoengageartandhistoryIoversalike.

DestinationsofaLifetime：225oftheWorId'sMostAmazingPlaces

byNationaIGeographic

Withlarge,strikingphotos,amereglancethroughthisbookwiIIfueI

theurgetotraveI.BesidesafewofthehotpIaces,thereareplentyof

destinationsyoumaynothaveheardof.Alongsideimagesofdramatic

Iandscapes,accompanyingtextreveaIshighIightsateachspotandhandy

tipsonexperiencingthemIikeaIocaI.

SecretGardenersbyVictoriaSummerley

WhenthinkingofsomeofBritain'smostfamousnames,theirbusy,

jet-setIifestylesprobabIyspringtomind.But,awayfromthepubIiceye,

theseindividuaIsarejustIikeus,andlovenothingmorethanspending

hoursintheirgardens.Thepagesofthisbeautifulbooksharefantastic

imagesfromthegardensof25weII-knownpersonalities.

TheStoryofFood：AnIIIustratedHistoryofEverythingWeEatbyDK

TheoriginsandfactsofdifferentingredientsareincIudedinthisbook,

aIongwithexpIorationsintothedeveIopmentofcookingovertheages.The

bookismoretextheavy,butdon'tletthatputyouoff：therearestill

plentyofbeautifuIphotosandvividiIIustrationsthroughout.

1.WhichofthefollowingbooksincIudesopinionsfromanexpert?

A.SecretGardeners.B.TheStoryofFood,

C.DestinationsofaLifetime.D.TheMetropolitanMuseumof

Art.

2.WhatdoesVictoriawriteabout?

A.HistoryofcookingB.TipsontraveIingcheapIy.

C.Lifestylesofpersonalities.D.PrivategardensinBritain.

3.WhatmakesTheStoryofFooddifferent?

A.Itcontainsbiggersectionsofwords.

B.Itprovidesdatapeopleneverheardof.

C.ItappeaIstocasuaIreadersandspecialists.

D.ItsharesfantasticimagesbyweII-knownpeople.

【答案】1.D2,D3.A

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本适合休闲时光阅读的书籍。

[1题详解】

细节理解题。根据TheMetropolitanMuseumofArt：MasterpiecePaintingsby

KathrynCalleyGalitz中最后一句"AmazingimageswiIIattractthecasuaI

reader,whileinsightsfromGalitz,curator（馆长）ofthemuseum,into

differentpiecesaresettoengageartandhistoryloversalike.（令人

惊叹的图片将吸引普通读者，而博物馆馆长Galitz的见解，不同的作品设置吸引

艺术和历史爱好者。）”可知，TheMetropolitanMuseumofArt这本书有专家的

观点。故选D。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据SecretGardenersbyVictoriaSummerIey中最后一句uThe

pagesofthisbeautifuIbooksharefantasticimagesfromthegardensof

25weII-knownpersonalities.（这本美丽的书分享了来自25位名人花园的奇妙

图片。）”可知，Victoria在书中介绍了英国的一些私家花园。故选D。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段“Thebookismoretextheavy,butdon'tIetthat

putyouoff：therearestillplentyofbeautifuIphotosandvivid

iIlustrationsthroughout.（这本书有更多的文字内容，但不要让这些影响到你：

全书仍然有很多漂亮的照片和生动的插图。可知，TheStoryofFood这本书

特别之处在于，这本书的文字内容特别丰富。故选A。

B

FewpeoplereaIizethatittakesthearmyofvoIunteersforoneyoung

chiIdtohaveahaIf-hourridingIesson.IvoIunteeratVaIIeyTherapeutic

EquestrianAssociation（VTEA）inAldergrove.B.C.,closetothe

WashingtonStateborder.Ittakesafewpaidstaffandanarmyof

voIunteers-approximateIyeighty-totakecareofadozenhorsesandheIp

witheightyormorechiIdrenduringtheweek.Thereisalargebarntoclean,

andhaynetsandwaterbucketstobrushandfill.Specificfeedsforeach

horsemustbepreparedtwicedaily….TheIistisendIess.

Toprepareahorseforaride,someonehastobringitinfromoutside,

attimessinkingintoinchesofbIack,stickymudduringthewintermonths.

UsuaIIy,twovoIunteersgroom（刷洗梳毛）thehorseandputonthespeciaI

saddIe.ThentheyIeadthehorsetowheretheIessontakespIace.There,

onevolunteerleadsthehorse,andusuaIlytwowaIkalongsideforsafety,

oneoneachside.Thenthehorsemustbereturnedtothebarn,unsaddIed,

cleanedandfed.

YetsomanypeopIewiIIinglygivetheirtime-becausethechiIdrenneed

us.Ranginginagefromtwoupwards,thechiIdrenhavevaryingdegreesof

mentaIdisabiIities.SomehaveseverephysicaIhandicaps（残疾）.Riding

strengthenstheirmuseIesandbones,enabIingthemtoenjoyamorefruitfuI

ThroughoutmypastIifeasanaccountant,businessauthorandspeaker,

Ivolunteeredonmanylevelsandinmanyorganizations.However,aterribIe

motor-vehicIeaccidentchangedmyIifeinasplitsecondwhenmycarwas

hit—aswasmyheadcausingseverebraininjury.Itwashardtoaccept

anew"me"andheroften-frustratingIimitations,untiIIdiscoveredthat

IneededtodosomethingthatIhaveapassionfor.I'dlovedhorsesfrom

chiIdhood,andworkingwiththemandwiththechiIdrenhasheIpedturnmy

Iifearound,makingmewarmfromtheinsideout.Thejourneybackhasbeen

painfuIbutworthwhiIe.Now,fourteenyearsIater,Iamadifferent,more

simpIifiedperson.

4.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?

A.HorsesforridingIessonsarecaredforcarefully.

B.Horse-ridinglessonsbringchiIdrenmanybenefits.

C.VoIunteershavemuchtodoforahorse-ridingIesson.

D.DisabledchiIdrenaretaughthorse-ridinginadifferentway.

5.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofhervoIuntaryworkinVTEA?

A.RiskyandthriIIing.B.TiringbutworthwhiIe.

C.Funnyandenjoyable.D.Demandingbutfruitless.

6.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthorfromthelastparagraph?

A.Theaccidenttransformedherthoroughly.

B.VoIunteeringhasbroughtherawin-winresult.

C.She'sneverrecoveredfromtheinjury.

D.Shewasn*tinterestedinvoluntaryworkbefore.

7.WhatcouIdbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.HelpingChiIdreninNeedB.SurvivingtheBrainInjury

C.Volunteering:AJourneyBackD.Horse-riding:Toughest

Lessons

【答案】4.C5.B6.B7.C

【解析】

这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者经历严重车祸后造成脑部损伤，通过志愿者工作，

照顾马，帮助孩子们骑马，给作者带来温暖，让作者找回了自己。

【4题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第二段!,Toprepareahorseforaride,someonehastobring

itinfromoutside,attimessinkingintoinchesofbIack,stickymudduring

thewintermonths.UsuaIIy,twovoIunteersgroom（刷洗梳毛）thehorseand

putonthespeciaIsaddIe.ThentheyIeadthehorsetowheretheIesson

takespIace.There,onevoIunteerIeadsthehorse,andusuaIIytwowaIk

aIongsideforsafety,oneoneachside.Thenthehorsemustbereturned

tothebarn,unsaddIed,cIeanedandfed.（为了让马做好骑行的准备，必须

有人从外面把它带进来，在冬天的几个月里，有时会陷进几英寸深的黑色粘稠的

泥巴里。通常情况下，两名志愿者会给马梳理马匹，然后套上特制的马鞍。然后

他们把马牵到上课的地方。在那里，一个志愿者牵着马，为了安全，通常两个人

并排走，两边各一个。然后必须把马放回马厩，脱去马鞍，清洗干净并喂饱）”可

知，为了骑马课程，志愿者有很多工作要做，故选C。

【5题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段中“Ittakesafewpaidstaffandanarmyof

voIunteers-approximateIyeighty-totakecareofadozenhorsesandheIp

witheightyormorechiIdrenduringtheweek.ThereisaIargebarntocIean,

andhaynetsandwaterbucketstobrushandfill.Specificfeedsforeach

horsemustbepreparedtwicedaily....TheIistisendIess.（一周中，

要照顾十几匹马，照顾八十多个孩子，需要几个带薪工作人员和一群大约八十个

的志愿者。有一个大的马厩要清理，干草网和水桶要刷和填充。每匹马的特定饲

料必须每天准备两次。这样的事不胜枚举）”可知，志愿者工作是很辛苦，很累的。

再根据第三段中uRidingstrengthenstheirmusclesandbones,enabIingthem

toenjoyamorefruitfulIife.（骑马能增强他们的肌肉和骨骼,使他们能享

受更丰富的生活）”可知，骑马给这些身体有残疾的孩子带来了积极的影响，他的

志愿者工作是值得的，故选B。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段中"I'dlovedhorsesfromchiIdhood,andworking

withthemandwiththechiIdrenhasheIpedturnmyIifearound,makingme

warmfromtheinsideout.（我从小就喜欢马，和它们一起工作，和孩子们一起

工作，帮助我扭转了生活，让我从里到外感到温暖）”可知，这份志愿者的工作不

仅能帮助到孩子们，而且让作者车祸后无论是心态还是生活上都有了积极的改变，

所以，志愿者工作带来了“双赢”的结果，故选B。

7题详解】

主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段中"Thejourneybackhasbeenpainfulbut

worthwhiIe.Now,fourteenyearsIater,Iamadifferent,moresimpIified

person.（回归的旅程是痛苦的，但也是值得的。14年后的今天，我变成了一个不

同的，更简单的人）”可知，是志愿者工作让作者在车祸后接受了自己，找回了自

己，志愿者工作对作者的意义重大。文章前面的段落都是围绕着车祸后作者的志

愿者工作展开，介绍了具体的工作以及意义，所以，选项C“志愿者工作：回归之

旅”，符合文章主旨，是最合适的标题，故选C。

C

Menhunted.Womengathered.ThathasIongbeenthecommonviewofour

prehistoricancestors.Butthediscoveryofawomanburied9000yearsago

intheAndesMountainswithweaponsandhuntingtooIs,andananalysisof

otherburiaIsitesintheAmericaschaIIengesthiswidelyaccepteddivision

ofIaborinhunter-gatherersociety.

"Laborpracticesamongrecenthunter-gatherersocietiesarehighly

gendered,whichmightIeadsometobeIievethatsexistinequaIitiesin

thingsIikepayorrankaresomehow'naturaI',"saidIeadstudyauthor

RandyHaas,anassistantprofessorofanthropology（人类学）atUniversity

ofCaIifornia,Davis,inanewsrelease."Butit'snowclearthatsexuaI

divisionoflaborwasfundamentaIIydifferent-1ikelymoreequaIand

reasonable-inourspeciesdeephunter-gathererpast.M

TheburiaIsitewasdiscoveredin2018duringexcavations（发掘）ata

high-altitudesitecalledWiIamayaPatjxainwhatisnowPeru.Thewoman,

thoughttobebetween17and19yearsoldwhenshedied,wasburiedwith

itemsthatsuggestedshehuntedbig-gameanimals.

AlthoughsomeschoIarshavesuggestedaroIeforwomeninancient

hunting,othershavedismissedthisideaevenwhenhuntingtooIswere

uncoveredinfemaIeburiaIs.Toexaminewhetherthiswomanfoundatthis

sitewasanoutIier,theresearchersexamined429skeletons（骷髅）at107

buriaIssitesinNorthandSouthAmericaaround8000to14000yearsago.

Ofthose,27individuaIswereburiedwithhuntingtooIs-11werefemaIe

and15weremale.Thesamplewassufficientto"supporttheconeIusionthat

femaIeparticipationinearIybig-gamehuntingwasIikelynotunusuaI

Thefindingsaddtodoubtsaboutman——thehunterassumptionthat

informedmuchthinkingaboutearlyhumanssineethemid-20thcentury."They

suggesthuntingwasverymuchacommunity-basedactivity,needingthe

participationofaIIabIe-bodiedindividuaIstodriveIargeanimalsJ,,the

papersaid.Theweaponofchoiceatthattimehadlowaccuracy,encouraging

broadparticipation,andusingitwasaskilllearnedfromchiIdhood.

8.WhatdoestherecentburiaIsiteatAndesMountainsshow?

A.TheoriginofsexuaIinequality.

B.Huntingskillsofancienttimes.

C.ThesociaIsystemofprehistorichunters.

D.Jobdivisionofhunter-gatherersociety.

9.WhichofthefollowingmightRandyHaasagreewith?

A.GenderpIaysnopartinrecenthunter-gatherersociety.

B.SexistinequalityisanaturaIresultofprehistoricsociety.

C.AncientdivisionofIabormightbefairerthanwe'dthought.

D.PubIicideasofwomen'srolewillbechangedabruptly.

10.WhatdoestheunderIinedword"outIier"inParagraph4mean?

A.Exception.B.FaiIure.

C.RolemodeI.D.Easytarget.

11.Whatmightmakeprehistorichuntingacommunity-basedactivity?

A.LackofabIe-bodiedindividuals.

B.Imperfectioninhuntingweapons.

C.Betteraccuracyoffemalesinhunting.

D.Needforlargeanimalsasfoodsource.

【答案】8.D9,C10.A11.B

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了考古学家在南美的安第斯山脉中发现了一座有着

9000年历史的女性狩猎者的墓葬挑战了传统的男士打猎，女人采集的劳动分工的

观念。

【8题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段中“Butthediscoveryofawomanburied9000years

agointheAndesMountainswithweaponsandhuntingtooIs,andananalysis

ofotherburiaIsitesintheAmericaschailengesthiswidelyaccepted

divisionofIaborinhunter-gatherersociety.（但是，在安第斯山脉发现了

一名9000年前埋葬的妇女有武器和打猎工具，并对美洲其他埋葬地点进行了分析,

这对狩猎采集社会中这种被广泛接受的劳动分工提出了挑战）”可知，在安第斯山

脉发现的这些埋葬点挑战了狩猎采集社会中的劳动分工，也就是表明了我们所没

有想到的狩猎采集社会中的劳动分工。故选D。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中“Butit'snowcIearthatsexuaIdivisionofIabor

wasfundamentallydifferent-IikelymoreequaIandreasonable-inour

speciesdeephunter-gathererpast.（但现在很清楚，在我们的狩猎-采集历史

中，性别分工有着根本的不同，可能更为平等和合理）”可知,RandyHaas认为古代

的劳动分工可能比我们想的更公平,故选Co

【10题详解】

词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Toexaminewhetherthiswomanfoundatthissite

wasanoutIier,theresearchersexamined429skeletons（骷髅）at107buriaIs

sitesinNorthandSouthAmericaaround8000to14000yearsago.Ofthose,

27individualswereburiedwithhuntingtooIs-11werefemaIeand15were

maIe.ThesampIewassufficientto"supporttheconeIusionthatfemaIe

participationinearIybig-gamehuntingwasIikelynotunusuaI（为了

检验在这一地点发现的这名妇女是否是一个outlier,研究人员调查了8000年至

14000年前北美和南美107个墓葬地点的429具骨骼。其中,27人和狩猎工具一起

被埋葬,其中11人是女性,15人是男性。这一样本足以“支持女性参与早期大型

狩猎活动可能并不罕见的结论"）"可知,研究者研究了不同历史时期，很多不同地

方的大量墓葬，发现很多女性是狩猎者，同时表明了女性参与早期大型狩猎活动可

能并不罕见,所以这也检验这位狩猎的女性不是一个例外,故选Ao

[11题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Theweaponofchoiceatthattimehadlow

accuracy,encouragingbroadparticipation,andusingitwasaskiIIlearned

fromchildhood.（当时选择的武器准确度低,鼓励广泛参与，使用它是从小就要学

的技能）”可知,狩猎武器的不完善,所以就鼓励大家广泛参与，也就使史前的狩猎

活动以群体为基础，故选B。

D

SeIectivebreeding,aIsoknownasartificialseIection,isaprocess

usedbyhumanstodevelopneworganismswithdesirabIetraits.Itcanbe

usedtoproducetastierfruitsandvegetables,cropswithgreater

resistancetopests,andIargeranimalsthatcanbeusedformeat.

PerhapstheearIiestexampIeofseiectivebreedingisthedomesticdog.

ScientistsbeIievethatthedomesticdogevoIvedfromthewiIdgraywolf,

andthroughartificialselection,humanswereabIetocreatehundredsof

differentdogbreeds.Aspeopledomesticatedandbreddogs,theyfavored

specifictraits,IikesizeorintelIigence,forcertaintasks,suchas

hunting,shepherding,orcompanionship.Asaresult,manydogbreedsvastly

differinappearance,auniquephenomenonintheanimalworId,asdifferent

breedsofasinglespeciesgeneraIlyIookIikeeachother.TheChihuahua

andtheDalmatian,forinstance,arebothdogs,yettheysharefewphysical

features.

SeIectivebreedinghasaIsobeenpracticedinagricuItureforthousands

ofyears.Almosteveryfruitandvegetableeatentodayisaproductof

artificialseIection.BypickingoutwiIdcabbagepIantswithspecific

characteristics,farmerswereabletocreateavarietyofvegetablesfrom

asinglesource,eachwithdifferingfIavors.Broccoli,forexampIe,was

developedfromwiIdcabbagepIantsthathadn'tenoughfIowerdevelopment

whilekalecamefromBrassicaoleraceawithlargerIeaves.

CornisanunusuaIproductofseIectivebreeding.Unlikerice,wheat,

andcabbage,whichhavecIearancestors,thereisnowiIdpIantthatlooks

Iikecorn.TheearIiestrecordsofcornindicatethatthepIantwas

developedinsouthernMexico6,000■—10,000yearsagofromagrasscalled

teosinte.ScientistsbeIievethatearIyMexicanfarmersseIectedonIythe

IargestandtastiestseedsofteosinteforpIanting.ThisprocessaIIowed

MexicanstodevelopcornveryquickIy,assmaIIchangesintheplant's

geneticmakeuphaddramaticeffectsonthegrain'stasteandsize.

WithoutseIectivebreeding,manyoftheplantsandanimalsonearth

todaywouIdnotexist.However,everycoinhastwosides.

12.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph1?

A.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.B.Addsomebackground

information.

C.Providescientificdataforreaders.D.Explainascientificstudy

method.

13ChihuahuaandDaImatianarementionedtoshow

A.selectivebreedingisverysuccessfuI

B.selectivebreedingleadstobiodiversity

C.selectivebreedingbringsdifferenceinappearance

D.selectivebreedingmightbringaboutnewspecies

14.WhatisspeciaIaboutcornasaproductofseIectivebreeding?

A.Ithasgeneticmakeupoppositetoteosinte.B.ItistheearIiest

plantdevelopedbyMexicans.

C.Ithasn'tanancestorinMotherNature.D.ItsharesfewphysicaI

simiIaritieswithitsancestors.

15.Whatmightbediscussedintheparagraphsfollowingthelastone?

A.MoreexampIesofselectivebreeding.B.DisadvantagesofseIective

breeding.

C.Influenceofselectivebreedingonspecies.D.Comparisonbetween

naturaIandselectivebreeding.

【答案】12.A13.C14.D15,B

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了选择性育种，又称人工选择，是人类用

来培育具有理想性状的新生物的过程。它可以用来生产更美味的水果和蔬菜,具有

更强抗虫害能力的作物,以及可以用作肉类的大型动物。介绍了选择性育种的一些

例子和这项技术的应用情况。

【12题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段uSelectivebreeding,aIsoknownasartificial

seIection,isaprocessusedbyhumanstodeveIopneworganismswith

desirabIetraits.Itcanbeusedtoproducetastierfruitsandvegetables,

cropswithgreaterresistancetopests,andIargeranimalsthatcanbeused

formeat.（选择性育种，又称人工选择，是人类用来培育具有理想性状的新生物的

过程。它可以用来生产更美味的水果和蔬菜，具有更强抗虫害能力的作物，以及可

以用作肉类的大型动物）”结合后文主要说明了选择性育种的一些例子和应用，可

推知,在第一段中作者想要引入一个新的话题进行讨论。故选A。

【13题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段中“Asaresult,manydogbreedsvastIydifferin

appearance,auniquephenomenonintheanimalworId,asdifferentbreeds

ofasinglespeciesgenerallyIookIikeeachother.TheChihuahuaandthe

DaImatian,forinstance,arebothdogs,yettheysharefewphysicaIfeatures.

（因此,许多品种的狗在外观上有很大的差异,这在动物世界是一个独特的现象，因

为同一族类的不同品种通常看起来彼此相似。例如,Chihuahua和Dalmatian都是

狗，但它们的身体特征很少相同）”可推知,提到Chihuahua和Dalmatian是为了表

明选择性育种带来的不同的外观。故选C。

【14题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“CornisanunusuaIproductofseIective

breeding.Uniikerice,wheat,andcabbage,whichhavecIearancestors,

thereisnowiIdpIantthatIooksIikecorn.TheearIiestrecordsofcorn

indicatethatthepIantwasdeveIopedinsouthernMexico6,000—10,000

yearsagofromagrasscalledteosinte.（玉米是一种不寻常的选择性育种产

品。不像有明确祖先的水稻、小麦和卷心菜，没有看起来像玉米的野生植物。最早

的玉米记录表明,这种植物是在6000年到10000年前在墨西哥南部由一种叫大刍

草的草发展而来的）”可知,玉米作为一种选择性育种的产品的特别之处是它和它

的祖先在外观上几乎没有相似之处。故选D。

【15题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段"WithoutseIectivebreeding,manyofthepIants

andanimalsonearthtodaywouIdnotexist.However,everycoinhastwo

sides.（如果没有选择性育种，今天地球上的许多植物和动物就不会存在。然而，任

何事物都有两面性。可推知，在接下来的段落中可能讨论选择性育种的缺点。

故选Bo

第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为

多余选项。

PersonaIdevelopmentdoesn'tjusthappen.16SeIf-deveIopment

requireshardwork,devotionanda