2018年届高三年级摸底考试英语(A卷有答案解析)

………………○………………外………………○………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○………………此卷只装订不密封./绝密★启用前2018届高三摸底考试原创卷A卷英语〔考试时间：90分钟试卷满分：120分第一部分阅读理解〔共两节,满分40分第一节〔共15小题；每小题2分,满分30分阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。A●NATURALBEAUTY:OURENVIRONMENTAnneBowen,anartteacher,alwaysemphasizedenvironmentalthemesinherclasses.Shechannelsherconcernfortheenvironmentintoherartwork,whichyoucanseeinher＂OurEnvironment＂exhibition,attheCarrollwoodCulturalCenterinTampa.Bowenusesmixedmedia<penandink,coloredpencilsandpaint>todescribenature,usingpatternsthatechothesymmetry<对称>foundthere.She’salsointerestedinthewaysanimalslivetogetheringroups,whichsheexploresinherpieceMonarchButterflies<pictured>.Shehopesherartinspiresviewerstocomeupwithsolutionstoenvironmentalproblems.Bowen’scommitmenttoenvironmentalpreservationisn’tjustlipservice;she’lldonatehalfofhersalesprofitstotheSierraClub.Inadditionto＂OurEnvironment＂,membersoftheExhibitingSocietyofArtistshaveanexhibitioninthegallery.Theopeningreceptionforbothshowsis5—8p.m.Friday.4537LowellRoad.<813>269-1310.●ABSTRACTIONS:UNFURLEDLocalartistDominiqueMartinez,thecreativeforcebehindRusticSteelCreations,boughtandrenovatedtheoldUnfurled＂,featuresabstractartistsStephanieOngandLauraKmetz.Ong’spaintingsareaformofcommunicationusinglight,scaleandcolor.Herlatestseries,＂Habitats＂,explorestransitionsinlife.Kmetz’sworksaredeepconcentrationsofnatureandobjects,whichsheexploresthroughmultilayered,mixed-mediaworks.Sheseekstorevealtheessenceofthings,findingtheirmeaningandofferassociationswithdisplacement,loss,search,recoveryandpreservation.Theopeningreceptionis7—10p.m.1910NFloridaAve.Thegallery’shoursafterthatarebyappointment.1.WhatisthethemeofAnneBowen’＂OurEnvironment＂exhibition?A.Herinterestinherartwork.B.Herexperienceinherteaching.C.Herwaystoprotecttheenvironment.D.Herconcernfortheenvironment.2.WhatisAnneBowen’sintentionofdisplayingherMonarchButterflies?A.Toremindpeopletocareabouttheenvironment.B.Toexhibitherdiscoveryinenvironmentalproblems.C.Toshowhercontributioninenvironmentalpreservation.D.Tocallonviewerstodonateforenvironmentalprotection.3.WhatdoStephanieOngandLauraKmetzshowinthisFriday’sexhibition＂Unfurled＂?A.Picturesofhumanfigures.B.Visualaesthetic<美感>ofnature.C.Meaningofnaturalpreservation.D.Abstractworksthatshowtheirexploration.BMy10-year-oldnephewistimid.Iwasdelightedwhenhismother,mysister,askedmetotakehimtothecircus<马戏团>.＂Buyonebagofpopcorn,＂sheordered.＂Isthereanythingweshouldavoid?＂＂Yes,butyoucan’tavoidit.It’stheelephants’paradearoundthering.＂Thosebig,bigtears…＂So,eyesstilldry,sharingpopcorn,wewatchedsimian<猴的>castrushintotheringtoaburstofcheers.Thenwewatchedtheindividualacts—themonkeyfromtheBolshoi,thefamousclownwhoclimbedthetallestpole,hangingonbyafingerandaknee.Heraisedlaughterfromtheaudienceofchildren.Iftheclownslipped,thenetwouldcatchhim,althoughnonetcanbetrusted.It’seasytofallwrong,andifsoyoucanbreakyoursillyneck.IwouldkeepthatinformationfromDavid,Ipromisedmyschoolteacher.Iwasthecooladulthere.Atlastelephantscameanddidtheirparade,eachwearingahat.Myarmslippedaroundmybelovednephew.＂AuntElla,theyaresounhappy.＂＂Ibelievetheyare.Butsomedaythisactwillbeoutlawed.＂＂Really?＂＂Yes.TheelephantswillbereturnedtothegrasslandsinAfricaandspendtherestoftheirliveseatinggreenstuff,neverhavingtograbatail.＂Iputmyarmsaroundhimandwhisperedinhisear,＂Iloveyou.＂Hedidnotsob<呜咽>butnestledclosertome.Theelephantswerethelastactofthefirsthalfoftheshow,andenduringtheirperformanceearnedusanotherboxofpopcorn.4.Whydidtheauthor’ssisteraskhertobuyabagofpopcorn?A.Toshowanewfashion.B.TouseittohelpDavidkilltime.C.TouseittohelpimproveDavid’sattention.D.TouseittodistractDavid’sattentiontohisfear.5.Whatdoestheauthoruse＂clown＂inParagraph5toreferto?A.Thecircusmonkey.B.Thecircusworker.C.Thecircusaudience.D.Theamusingactor.6.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenwatchingthemonkeyacting?A.Shewastouchedbyitsacting.B.Shewasafraidofhernephew’sfear.C.SheregrettedtakingDavidtowatchit.D.Shewasworriedaboutthemonkey’ssafety.7.Whatwillthefollowingparagraphbeabout?A.Howtheauthorcomfortedhernephew.B.Whatthesecondhalfoftheshowwaslike.C.Whatlessontheauthorgotfromtheshow.D.Howmuchpopcornwasneededintheplay.CRetailersareexploringanewfrontierinsocialcommerceastheygobeyondsimplyofferingFacebookpagesandTwitterprofilesfortheircustomerstofollow.Fuelingthistrendiswebretailers’quickadoptionofsocialsign-on,whichallowsconsumerstologintotheirFacebookaccountinsteadofregisteringonane-commercesite.Socialsign-ongivesretailersaccesstorichprofileinformationfortargetingcustomers.＂BringingFacebookprofiledataintoretailsitesmakessensebecauseitinfluencesconsumers,＂saidJeffreyGrau,e-marketerprincipalanalystandauthorofthenewreport＂SocialCommerce:PersonalizedandCollaborative<合作的>ShoppingExperiences＂.＂Incontrast,manyconsumersonFacebookaremainlysocializingwithfriendsandfurtherremovedfrommakingpurchasedecisions.＂OverhalfofonlineretailerswhorespondedtoanAugust2016surveybyGigya,aproviderofsocialsign-onapplications,hadeitherimplementedthefeatureorplannedtoadditinthenearfuture.TheGigyastudyhighlightedthebenefitsthatonlineretailersandmedia-entertainmentpublishersgetfromofferingsocialsign-on.Atthetopofthelistwereincreasedreservation<84%>andricherprofileinformationfortargetingproductrecommendations,emails,promotionsandcoupons<优惠券><80%>.WhenconsumersgivearetailerpermissiontoaccesstheirpersonaldataonFacebook,theretailersseenotonlywhatthosepeoplehavewrittenintheirprofilesbutalsothecontenttheyhave‘liked’onothersites.＂Aseparatestudyoutlinedjustsomeofthedataavailablefromvarioussites—notcountingotherinformation,likewhichproducts,newsarticlesandcontentonthird-partysitestheylinktoinstatusupdates.Retailersmustalsobecarefulaboutdeliveringpersonalizedrecommendationsandtargetedads.Thesecouldmakeconsumersfeelthattheironlineprivacyisbeinginvadedandcreateabacklash,whichisalreadyaperennial<反复的>problemforsocialnetworkslikeFacebook.8.WhyareretailersturningtoFacebookandTwitter?A.Itiseasiertotradeonthesites.B.Theycantalkwiththeircustomersthere.C.Theiruserscanbeturnedintotheircustomers.D.E-commerceiseasierdonethansocialcommerce.9.Howdomostretailersreacttosocialsign-on?A.Theyreactslowly.B.Theyareresearchingit.C.Theyresponseactively.D.Theyarewaitingandseeing.10.WhatdoesGrauthinktheadvantageofretailersusingsocialnetworksis?A.Theysellmoreonline.B.Theygetmoresocialsupport.C.Theymakemorefriendsonline.D.Theyknowpeople’slikesandinterests.11.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Thetrendofe-commerceB.ConversionofcustomersC.ThefutureofsocialshoppingD.Advantagesofe-commerceDWouldYouPayToEatInADumpster<垃圾箱>?Mostofusdon’treachforthatgnarled<多瘤的>carrotwhenselectingourproduceatthelocalsupermarket.That’sexactlywhyAmericanswasteupto40%ofediblefoodeveryyear.Thisunbelievablenumberhassparkedthe＂uglyfood＂movement,inspiringmanycompaniestoselluglyfruitandvegetablestoconsumers,ratherthanthrowingtheminthetrash.OneSanFranciscoorganizationistakingauniqueapproach.TheSalvageSupperclubhostsfancydinnersinsidedumpsterswheretheyservedishesentirelypreparedwithfoodthatwouldhaveotherwisegonetowaste.JoshTreuhaft,founderoftheseuglyfooddinners,originallycameupwiththeideatobringabouttheawarenessofAmerica’sfoodwasteproblem.＂Thereisundevelopedpotentialintheirfoodthatforsomereason,nottotheirownfault,isgoingtowaste,＂hetoldSeeker’sLauraLing.Treuhaftisn’taloneinhisefforttoreduceAmerica’sfoodwaste.ApetitionlastyearcalledforWholeFoodstobecomepartoftheuglyfoodmovement.TheysoldmisshapenfruitsandvegetablesinNorthernCaliforniastores.Sellingimperfectproduceisstillrelativelyrarerightnow,whichcanbepartiallyattributedtoasupplyissueratherthanalackofwillingparticipants.Raley’s,aSacramento-basedgrocerychain,startedanuglyfoodpilotprogramcalled＂RealGood＂,butdiscontinueditafter90dayssayingtheyhad＂somechallengessourcingtheproduct＂.Agrowermighthavelargeamountsofuglyproduceoneyearduetoterribleweather,butmuchlessthenextyeariftheweatherisbetter.Harvestsconstantlyvaryandretailersaremorelikelytobuyuglyproduceinlargenumberratherthanjustafewpoundsatatime.ThisiswhyorganizationsliketheSalvageSupperclubareplayinganimportantroleinthepreventionoffoodwaste.TheSalvageSupperclubtakesitastepfurtherbynotonlybuyingtheuglyproduce,butturningitintoagooddiningexperienceaswell.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords＂ediblefood＂inParagraph1referto?A.Healthyfood.B.Expensivefood.C.Foodsuitabletoeat.D.Foodgrownlocally.13.WhydoestheSalvageSupperclubhavedinnersinsidethedumpsters?A.Tosharetheirfancyideas.B.Towarnpeoplenottowaste.C.Toshowwasteshouldbereused.D.Toadvisepeoplenottothrowdumpsters.14.What’sJoshTreuhaft’sadvicetoreduceAmerica’sfoodwaste?A.Peopleshouldmakefulluseofuglyfood.B.Peopleshouldjoinintheuglyfoodmovement.C.Peopleshouldbemoreawareoffoodshortage.D.Peopleshoulddeveloptheirpotentialinproducingfood.15.WhatmakesRaley’sstopits＂RealGood＂after90daysofitsoperation?A.Lackofsourcesofproduct.B.Retailers’pursuinglargerprofit.C.Badharvestsduetobadweather.D.People’sunwillingnesstobuyimperfectproduce.第二节〔共5小题；每小题2分,满分10分根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。FearofPuberty<青春期>Whenyoungpeoplegettopuberty,itcausesthephysicalandmentalchangesthatcanbringstressandevenfeartothem.16Considerhowoftenyouworryaboutit.Ifitregularlyhappensmorethantwiceaday,it’stimethatyoustartedtakingtheproblemseriously.Youshouldlookoutforfeelingsofpanicwhenyouthinkaboutpuberty.Youmayhavefrequentstressfuldreamsorfeeldepressedwhenyounoticechangesinyourbody.17Byidentifyingthem,youcanstarttodosomethingaboutthem.18Ifyouhavehadahappychildhoodit’snaturaltofeelsadthatit’scomingtoanend.Manyaspectsofadultlifecanbefearful,butrememberthatyoudon’thavetofacethemallatonce.Apartfromthese,someteenagersworryaboutputtingonweightorfeeldiscomfortwithhowpeopletreatthemorfeeltheirbodydoesn’tfitthem.Rememberthatthisfatisusuallytemporary.19Ifyoufeelstressful,findhelpfromyourteachers.Besidesparents,teachersandschoolmedicalstaff,thereareanumberofotherplaceswhereyoucanseekhelp.____20____Yourdoctorcanprovidesupportonbodyissuesandyoucaninsistonseeingthedoctoraloneifthatmakesiteasier.Youarenotaloneinyourfeelings.Therearewaystodealwithmanyofthespecificproblemspubertycancause.Thesooneryouseekhelp,thesooneritwillgetbetter.A.Getintothehabitoffocusingyourself.B.Youshouldknowthesourceofyourstress.C.Thesefeelingsshouldn’tbeacauseofworry.D.Youmayfeelgriefatthepassingofchildhood.E.Exerciseandhealthyeatingwillhelpyouriditsooner.F.YoucanturntoChildlineatanytimeofthedayornight.G.Knowingyourfeelingsbettercanmakeiteasiertodealwiththem.第二部分语言知识运用〔共两节,满分45分第一节完形填空〔共20小题；每小题1.5分,满分30分阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Ioweagreatdealtomyracistfriends:theyhavegivenmeareasontotryandachievesomethinggreatinmylife.Myschoolisalmost21withwhitestudentswithonlyfivepercentAfrican-Americans.DuringMarchingBandfreshmenyear,Istartedtonoticehowfrequentlymywhitefriends22theblackpeopletheysaw.Oncemybest23friendcasuallyusedthen-word<nigger>afterIhaddescribedtohimtheisolationIfeltwhenthe__24__wasusedbyanyoneofanyrace.Ihave25numerousfriendsduetosimilarstatements.The26overtookmeforaperiodofthefreshmenyear.Inearly27myhighschoolinhopesoffindingahealthierenvironment.Finally,Ihadlearnedwhatitmeanttobe28inAmerica.Insteadofleaving,29,Ichosetostayandfighttheignorancepopularinmyschool.Myfirst__30__wouldbeBlackHistoryMonth.InsophomoreyearIwasaskedtocreateanactivityforBlackHistoryMonth.Ispenthours31blackauthors,poetsandspeakers,tryingtofinddifferentdiscussionpointsthatcouldbemadeintheclassroomsinmyschool.WhentoldthattheEnglishDepartmentatmyschoolagreedtousemy32,Ihadafeelingofaccomplishment33manyofmyclassmatesdoubtedmyability.However,Iremained34.Iquitbandandjoinedmyschool’snewspaperstaffinjunioryear,toaddresstopicstohelp35racerelations.Throughmyefforts,ameetingwasheldforstudentstodiscuss36suchas＂Shouldthen-wordbeused?＂Thoughmanywhitepeopledidn’tattendit,theconversationsIparticipatedin__37__manyothersattheschool.Thoughthemajorityofthepeopleatmyschoolhavenotleftme38memories,Iamgratefulfortheawarenesstheyhavehelped39inme.AsImoveontocollegeIamreadytogoon40ignoranceandinjustices.21.A.filled B.acquainted C.impressed D.interfered22.A.encouraged B.greeted C.influenced D.stereotyped23.A.considerate B.white C.enthusiastic D.intelligent24.A.standard B.method C.word D.opportunity25.A.made B.lost C.changed D.supported26.A.grief B.task C.challenge D.adoption27.A.comparedB.remind edC.left D.entered28.A.popular B.black C.stupid D.cautious29.A.thereforeB.also C.besides D.however30.A.choice B.attemptC.battle D.visit31.A.meeting B.admiring C.becoming D.researching32.A.honors B.resources C.materials D.powers33.A.so B.though C.unless D.because34.A.successful B.calm C.resolute D.painful35.A.ignore B.improve C.battle D.check36.A.topics B.impacts C.situations D.missions37.A.harmed B.gathered C.disgusted D.benefited38.A.deep B.special C.positive D.negative39.A.bringout B.takein C.holdup D.keepoff40.A.fighting B.ignoring C.proving D.witnessing第二节〔共10小题；每小题1.5分,满分15分阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。HowexcitingitistovisitChina!Chinacanofferwhatappealstoeveryvisitor,41giventhepopulation,thecrowdscanbeanissue.Beforegettingontheplane,train,orbus,learnfromthesemistakestoavoidthecrowdsandmakethe__42__<much>ofyourholiday.Therearecertain43<date>throughouttheyearwhentheentirecountrytakesavacationatthesametime.IfyoutravelinChinaduringoneofthese＂goldenweeks＂,youcanexpectnever-endinglines,44<crowd>publictransportation,andseasofstrangersappearinginthebackgroundofyourphotos.Soitisimportanttogetfamiliarwiththedates45<minimize>yourtravelstress.Ofcourse,anytriptoChinawouldn’tbecompletewithoutseeingmajorculturallandmarkslike46GreatWall,ortheForbiddenCity.However,therearesomanyworthwhileplacestoexperience47maynotbelistedinyourtourbook.Also,withafamilytotraveltogether,48<wake>upearlycanbeachallenge.Doyourbesttowakeupearlyandtakeyourbreakfasttogo;it’sworthit.Gettingtoan49<attract>earlywillallowyoutoexperienceit__50__<full>withoutthehindrance<妨碍>ofalargecrowd.第三部分写作〔共两节,满分35分第一节短文改错〔共10小题；每小题l分,满分10分假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号〔∧,并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线〔＼划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线