基于Zigbee 的智能家居系统设计外文翻译

外文文献UBIQUITOUSSMARTHOMESYSTEMUSINGANDROIDAPPLICATIONShiuKumarDepartmentofInformationElectronicsEngineering,MokpoNationalUniversity,534-729,Mokpo,SouthKoreaABSTRACTThispaperpresentsaflexiblestandalone,lowcostsmarthomesystem,whichisbasedontheAndroidappcommunicatingwiththemicro-webserverprovidingmorethantheswitchingfunctionalities.TheArduinoEthernetisusedtoeliminatetheuseofapersonalcomputer(PC)keepingthecostoftheoverallsystemtoaminimumwhilevoiceactivationisincorporatedforswitchingfunctionalities.Devicessuchaslightswitches,powerplugs,temperaturesensors,humiditysensors,currentsensors,intrusiondetectionsensors,smoke/gassensorsandsirenshavebeenintegratedinthesystemtodemonstratethefeasibilityandeffectivenessoftheproposedsmarthomesystem.Thesmarthomeappistestedanditisablesuccessfullyperformthesmarthomeoperationssuchasswitchingfunctionalities,automaticenvironmentalcontrolandintrusiondetection,inthelatercasewhereanemailisgeneratedandthesirengoeson.KEYWORDS:Androidsmartphone,Smarthome,HomeAutomation,InternetofThings(IoTs),RemoteControl.1.INTRODUCTIONWiththecontinuousgrowthofmobiledevicesinitspopularityandfunctionalitythedemandforadvancedubiquitousmobileapplicationsinpeople’sdailylivesiscontinuouslyincreasing.Utilizingwebservicesisthemostopenandinteroperablewayofprovidingremoteserviceaccessorenablingapplicationstocommunicatewitheachother.Anattractivemarketforhomeautomationandnetworkingisrepresentedbybusyfamiliesandindividualswithphysicallimitations.Iscanbedescribedasconnectingeverydayobjectslikesmartphones,internettelevisions,sensorsandactuatorstotheinternetwherethedevicesareintelligentlylinkedtogethertoenablenewformsofcommunicationamongstpeopleandthemselves.ThesignificantadvancementofIoTsoverthelastcoupleofyearshascreatedanewdimensiontotheworldofinformationandcommunicationtechnologies.Theadvancementisleadingtoanyone,anytime,anywhere(AAA)connectivityforthingswiththeexpectationbeingthatthisextendandcreateanentirelyadvanceddynamicnetworkofIoTs.TheIoTstechnologycanbeusedforcreatingnewconceptsandwidedevelopmentspaceforsmarthomesinordertoprovideintelligence,comfortandimprovedqualityoflife.Smarthomeisaverypromisingarea,whichhasvariousbenefitssuchasprovidingincreasedcomfort,greatersafetyandsecurity,amorerationaluseofenergyandotherresourcesthuscontributingtoasignificantsavings.Thisresearchapplicationdomainisveryimportantandwillincreaseinfutureasitalsoofferspowerfulmeansforhelpingandsupportingspecialneedsoftheelderlyandpeoplewithdisabilities,formonitoringtheenvironmentandforcontrol.Thereareanumberoffactorsthatneedstobeconsideredwhendesigningasmarthomesystem.Thesystemshouldbeaffordable,scalablesothatnewdevicescanbeeasilyintegratedintothesystem,anditshouldbeuserfriendly.Withthedramaticincreaseinsmartphoneusers,smartphoneshavegraduallyturnedintoanallpurposeportabledeviceandprovidedpeoplefortheirdailyuse.Inthispaper,alowcostwirelesscontrolledsmarthomesystemforcontrollingandmonitoringthehomeenvironmentispresented.Anembeddedmicro-webserverwithrealIPconnectivityisusedforaccessingandcontrollingappliancesandotherdevicesremotelyfromanAndroidbasedapp,whichcanbeusedfromanyAndroidsupporteddevice.TheArduinoEthernetisusedforthemicroweb-serverthuseliminatingtheuseofPCandthesystemrequiresuserauthenticationinordertoaccessthesmarthomesystem.Voiceactivationforswitchingapplicationshasalsobeenincorporatedtoaidusersespeciallyfortheelderlyandthedisabledpersons.Theremainderofthepaperisorganizedasfollows.InSection2,abriefdiscussionoftherelatedworkisprovided.Theoverallsystemarchitecture,implementationandthefeaturesoftheproposedsmarthomesystemarepresentedinSection3.Finallytheconclusionwithsomefurtherprospectiveworksispresented.2.RELATEDLITERATURESmarthomeisnotanewtermforsciencesocietyhowever,itisstillfarmoreawayfrompeople’svisionandaudition.Aselectronictechnologiesareconverging,thefieldofhomeautomationisexpanding.VarioussmartsystemshavebeenproposedwherethecontrolisviaBluetooth,internet,shortmessageservice(SMS)based,etc.Bluetoothcapabilitiesaregoodandmostofcurrentlaptop/notebook,tabletsandcellphoneshavebuilt-inadaptorthatwillindirectlyreducethecostofthesystem.HoweveritlimitsthecontroltowithintheBluetoothrangeoftheenvironmentwhilemostothersystemsarenottoofeasibletobeimplementedaslowcostsolution.InWi-Fibasedhomeautomationsystemispresented.ItusesaPC(withbuiltinWi-Ficard)basedwebserverthatmanagestheconnectedhomedevices.Theuserscanmanageandcontrolthesystemlocally(LAN)orremotely(internet).Thesystemsupportsawiderangeofhomeautomationdeviceslikepowermanagementcomponentsandsecuritycomponents.AsimilararchitectureisproposedinwheretheactionsarecoordinatedbythehomeagentrunningonaPC.Otherpaperssuchasalsopresentedinternetcontrolledsystemsconsistingofadedicatedwebserver,databaseandawebpageforinterconnectingandmanagingthedevices.ThesesystemsutilizeaPCwhichleadstoadirectincreaseincostandpowerconsumption.Ontheotherhand,thedevelopmentandhostingofthewebpagewillalsoresultinadditionalcosts.Thedesignandimplementationofamicrocontrollerbasedvoiceactivatedwirelessautomationsystemispresentedin.Theuserspeaksthevoicecommandsthroughamicrophone,whichisprocessedandsentwirelesslyviaradiofrequency(RF)linktothemaincontrolreceiverunit.Voicerecognitionmoduleisusedtoextractthefeaturesofthevoicecommand.Thisextractedsignalisthanprocessedbythemicrocontrollertoperformthedesiredaction.ThedrawbackisthatthesystemcanonlybecontrolledfromwithintheRFrange.Referencealsopresentsavoiceactivatedsmarthomeautomationsystem.Thissystemprovidesgraphicaluserinterface(GUI)usingMicrosoftVisualBasicsoftwarehostedbyaPC,andusesMicrosoftSpeechRecognitionengine.ThesignalisthantransmittedviaRFlinktothemicrocontrollertowhichthehomeappliancesareinterfaced.AgainaPCisusedthataccountforanincreasedcostandpowerconsumption.Asignificantcontributiontosmarthomesystemhasbeenmadebytheabovementionedsystems.However,aPCisusedasaserverthatincreasesthecostandpowerconsumptionwhileothersrequirewebpagehostingthataddsuptheextracost.ThevoiceactivationsystemseitherusePCsoftwareorseparatevoicerecognitionmoduleforspeechrecognition.SYSTEMDESIGN3.1SystemArchitectureIntheproposeddesign,alowcostsmarthomesystemforremotelycontrollingandmonitoringthesmarthomeenvironmentispresented.AnoverviewoftheproposedsystemarchitectureisshowninFigure1.ThesystemconsistsofanappdevelopedusingtheAndroidplatformandanArduinoEthernetbasedmicroweb-server.TheArduinomicrocontrolleristhemaincontrollerthathoststhemicroweb-serverandperformsthenecessaryactionsthatneedstobecarriedout.Thesensorsandactuators/relaysaredirectlyinterfacedtothemaincontroller.Thesmarthomeenvironmentcanbecontrolledandmonitoredfromaremotelocationusingthesmarthomeapp,whichwillcommunicatewiththemicroweb-serverviatheinternet.AnyinternetconnectionviaWi-Fior3G/4Gnetworkcanbeusedontheuserdevice.Thefeaturesthattheproposeddesignoffersarethecontrolofenergymanagementsystemssuchaslightings,powerplugsandHVAC(heating,ventilationandairconditioning)systems;securityandsurveillancesystemsuchasfiredetectionandintrusiondetectionwithsirenandemailnotifications;automaticsmarthomeenvironmentcontrolsuchasmaintainingacertainroomtemperature;voiceactivationforswitchingfunctionsandhasuserauthenticationtoaccessthesmarthomesystem.3.2.SoftwaredevelopmentoftheAndroidplatformappThereareseveralplatformsfordevelopingsmartphoneapplicationssuchasWindowsMobile,Symbian,iOSandAndroid.Intheproposedsystem,theAndroidplatformappisdevelopedasmostofthephonesandhandydevicessupportAndroidOS.JavaprogramminglanguageusingtheAndroidSoftwareDevelopmentKit(SDK)hasbeenusedforthedevelopmentandimplementationofthesmarthomeapp.TheSDKincludesacompletesetofdevelopmenttoolssuchasdebugger,libraries,ahandsetemulatorwithdocumentation,samplecodeandtutorials.Eclipse(runningonWindows7developmentplatform),whichistheofficiallysupportedintegrateddevelopmentenvironment(IDE)hasbeenusedoninconjunctionwiththeAndroidDevelopmentTools(ADT)Plug-intodevelopthesmarthomeapp.ThescreenshotsofthesmarthomeappdevelopedisshowninFigure2whiletheprocessingofthesmarthomeappisshowninFigure3.Thedesignedappforthesmarthomesystemprovidesthefollowingfunctionalitiestotheuser:Remoteconnection(viainternet)tothesmarthomemicroweb-server;requireserverrealIPanduserauthentication.Devicecontrolandmonitoring.Schedulingtasksandsettingautomaticcontrolofthesmarthomeenvironment.Passwordchangeoption.Supportsvoiceactivationforswitchingfunctions.Inordertosuccessfullyconnectandaccessthesmarthomemicroweb-server,theuserhastoenterthecorrectrealIPaddressandpassword(seeFigure2.a).Ifthemicroweb-servergrantsaccesstothesmarthomeapp,responsepacketcontainingresponsecode200willbereceived.Theappprocessestheresponsepackettodeterminethemicroweb-server’sresponse.Responsecode200indicatesthepasswordiscorrect,andtheappwillswitchtothemaincontrolpageandsynchronizeusingthedatafromtheresponsepackettoreflecttherealtimestatusesofthesmarthomedevices(seeFigure2.b).Ifthepasswordisincorrect,responsecode404willbereceived.ThegeneralresponsepacketlayoutisshowninFigure4.Theresponsecodeanddeviceswiththeirstatusesareseparatedbyaspacewhilethedeviceanditsstatusisseparatedbyacolon(:).ForexamplewhentheactionrequestedbytheuserfromtheapptoturnonLight1issuccessful,theresponsepacketwillbe“200Light_1:1”.Azeroindicatesoffstatewhileaoneindicatesonstateforthestatusforswitchingfunctions.TheusercanperformthedesiredactionfromtheGUIone’saccessisgranted.SwitchingactionscanalsobeperformedthroughvoiceactivationthatusestheGoogleSpeechRecognitionengineavailableonthedevice(seeFigure2.c).Thepasswordcanalsobemanagedbytheuserfromthesmarthomeapp.ClickingthepasswordchangebuttonontheGUIwillthenrequiretheusertoentertheoldandpassword(seeFigure2.b).Ifthenewpasswordsmatchthanthecommandpacketcontainingthenewpasswordissenttothemicroweb-server.Ifpasswordissuccessfullychanged,responsecode201willbereceived.Automaticmodecanalsobeactivatedwherethesmarthomeenvironmentwillbecontrolledautomatically,forexamplemaintainingacertainroomtemperatureandturningon/offcertainlightduringnight/day.Whentheuserperformsanactiononthesmarthomeapp,commandpacketissenttothemicroweb-serverviatheinternet.ThegenerallayoutofthecommandpacketisshowninFigure5.Thecommandpacketifformattedinsuchawaythatmicroweb-serveriseasilyabletoreadandextracttheinformationfromthepacket.Forexampleforturningonthefanwiththedefaultpassword,thecommandpacketsentwillbe“$1234$Fan_On”andforsettingthefanspeedto2thecommandpacketwillbe“$1234$FanSpeed_2”.3.3.Softwaredevelopmentofthesmarthomemicroweb-serverThemaincontrollerhostingthemicroweb-serveractsastheheartofthesmarthomesystemconsistingoftheserverapplicationsoftwareandtheArduinomicrocontrollerfirmware.Theserverapplicationsoftwareisthelibraryimplementationofthemicroweb-serverrunningontheArduinoMega2560usingtheArduinoEthernetshieldconnectedtotheinternetoverTCP/IP,whichcanactasboththeserverandclient.TheEthernetlibrary“<Ethernet.h>”isusedtosendandreceivedatainconjunctionwiththemicrocontroller.TheoutputmessagessenttothesmarthomeappisinJavaScriptObjectNotation(JSON)format.UtilizingWebservicesisthemostopenandinteroperablewayofprovidingaccesstoremoteservicesorforenablingapplicationstocommunicateamongsteachother.SimpleObjectAccessProtocol(SOAP)andRepresentativeStateTransfer(REST)arethetwoclassesofWebservices.However,RESTfulbasedWebservicehasbeenemployedduetoitslight-weightcomparedtotheSOAPbasedWebserviceofferingsimilarfunctionalities.StandardGETandPOSTrequestoperationshavebeenutilizedforcommunicationbetweenthesmarthomeappandthemicrowebserver.ThemaincontrollerstartsoffbyinitializingtheEthernetinordertoestablishconnectionbetweenthem.Variablesthatalsoincludethestatusvariableareinitializedandtheinterruptonthemicrocontrollerisenabled.Ifthemaincontrollerisrunforthefirsttimewiththesmarthomeservercodes,thenthedefaultpasswordof1234isinitialized.Otherwise,thepasswordisreadfromtheEEPROMandstoredinthepasswordvariable.ThepasswordisstoredinthemicrocontrollersEEPROMsothatitisstillavailableevenifthemaincontrollerstartsafteracompleteshutdown,whichcanbeduetoreasonssuchaslowornopowersupplyortheuserrestartsthesystem.Uponinitializing,thesystementersidlemodeuntilaclientismadeavailable.Figure7showsthegeneralflowchartforthemaincontroller.Whenclientsaremadeavailable,thecommandpacketisreceivedandtheinformationisextracted.Oncethecommandpacketisreceivedandthedataisextractedordecodedthentheperformoperationsub-routinethathandlestheauthenticationcheckandactiontobecarriedout.Figure8showstheflowchartfortheperformanceoperationsub-routine.Oncetheperformoperationsub-routineiscalled,theuserauthenticationthatisthepasswordisverified.Ifthepasswordisincorrect,theresponseissentbacktotheclient/userappandtheclientisdisconnected.However,iftheauthenticationiscorrectthentheactionrequestedisperformed.Theresponsecodessentfordifferentoperationsperformedhasalreadybeendiscussed.IfactionrequestedistochangethepasswordthennewpasswordiswrittentotheEEPROMandthepasswordvariableisinitializedtothisnewpassword.Aftereveryactionisperformed,theresponsepacketissenttotheclientafterwhich,theresponsecodeisinitializedto404.Themicrocontroller’sinterruptisusedtooverlooksecurityandsurveillancesuchassmoke,fire,gasorintrusiondetection.Ifanyofthesensorsaretriggered,interruptisgenerated.Themicrocontrollerthendeterminesthetypeofinterruptthathavebeengenerated.Oncethetypeofinterruptgeneratedisknown,thesirenisturnedonandemailnotificationsaresenttotheuserspecifiedpersonalsincludingtheuser.Forexample,ifafireisdetectedinthekitchentheemailreceivedbytheuserwillhaveemailsubjectas“SmartHomeAlert”andthebodyas“FireDetectedintheKitchen”.Theusercanswitchoffthesirenfromtheuserapporitwillturnoffautomaticallyafteracertainperiodoftimedependingonuserrequirements.3.4.ProposedsmarthomedevicesTheArduinoMega2560andtheArduinoEthernetshieldhavebeenusedtoimplementthesmarthomemicroweb-server.Arduinoisanopen-sourceelectronicsprototypingplatformbasedonflexible,easy-to-usehardwareandsoftware.TheArduinoMega2560microcontrollerboardisbasedontheATmega256having54digitalinput/outputpins.TheEthernetisinterfacedtotheArduinoviatheArduinoSPIpins.LowvoltageswitchingrelayswereusedtointegratethedeviceswiththeArduinofordemonstratingtheswitchingfunctionality.TheLM35temperaturesensorwasusedtomonitorthesmarthomeenvironment.TheCG313MQ5SmokeGasSensorModuleforArduinohasbeenusedforsmokedetection.Forintrusiondetection,theHC-SR501InfraredPIRMotionSensorModuleforArduinohasbeenutilized.4.CONCLUSIONSInthispaper,aninternetbasedsmarthomesystemthatcanbecontrolledremotelyuponuserauthenticationisproposedandimplemented.TheAndroidbasedsmarthomeappcommunicateswiththemicroweb-serverviainternetusingtheRESTfulbasedwebservice.Anyandroidsupporteddevicecanbeusedtoinstallthesmarthomeapp,andcontrolandmonitorthesmarthomeenvironment.AlowcostsmarthomesystemhasbeendevelopedwhichdoesnotrequireaPCasallprocessingishandledbythemicrocontroller.ThesystemalsousestheGooglespeechrecognitionenginethuseliminatingtheneedforanexternalvoicerecognitionmodule.ProspectivefutureworksincludeincorporatingSMSandcallalerts,andreducingthewiringchangesforinstallingtheproposedsysteminpre-existinghousesbycreatingawirelessnetworkwithinthehomeenvironmentforcontrollingandmonitoringthesmarthomeenvironment.中文翻译基于安卓平台的智能家居的设计与实现摘要本文提出了一种灵活的独立的，低成本的智能家居系统，它是基于Android应用程序与微Web服务器提供比切换功能的详细沟通。Android的以太网用于消除使用个人计算机（PC）的保持整个系统的成本降至最低，而语音激活掺入用于切换功能。设备，如电灯开关，电源插头，温度传感器，湿度传感器，电流传感器，入侵检测传感器，烟雾/气体传感器和警报器已经集成在系统中验证了智能家居系统的可行性和有效性。智能家居的应用程序进行测试，它能够成功地执行智能家居操作，如切换功能，自动环境控制和入侵检测，在生成的电子邮件和警笛的推移后一种情况。关键词：Android智能手机，智能家居，家庭自动化，物联网（IOT）的互联网，远程控制。1.介绍随着移动设备在其普及和功能的持续增长在人们的日常生活中无处不在先进移动应用的需求不断增加。利用Web服务是提供远程服务访问或启用应用程序相互沟通的最开放和可互操作的方式。家庭自动化和网络化的一个有吸引力的市场是忙碌的家庭，并与物理限制个人代表。IOTS可谓是连接日常物品像智能手机，互联网电视，传感器和执行器，其中设备的智能化连接，使人们之间的沟通的新形式的互联网和自己的。IOTS在过去几年的进步显著创造了一个新的层面的信息和通信技术的世界。进步是导致任何人，任何时间，任何地点（AAA）连接东西的期望是，这种扩展和创建IOT中的一个完全先进的动态网络。该IOTS技术可用于以提供情报，舒适度和生活质量的提高创造新的概念和智能家居广阔的发展空间。智能家居是一个非常有前景的领域，其中有各种福利，如提供更加舒适，更加安全，更合理地使用能源，从而有助于节省显著其他资源。这项研究应用领域是非常重要的，并会在未来增加，因为它也提供了强有力的手段帮扶老人的特殊需要和残疾人，监测环境和控制。那里是许多因素，需要设计一个智能家居系统时要考虑的。该系统应该是经济实惠，可扩展性，使新设备可以很容易地集成到系统中，它应该是用户友好的。随着智能手机用户的急剧增加，智能手机已经逐渐变成一个allpurpose便携式设备和日常使用提供了人。在本文中，用于控制和监视家居环境的低成本无线控制的智能家居系统提出。与真正的IP连接的嵌入式微型网络服务器用于从基于Android应用程序，它可以从任何Android中使用远程访问及控制设备和其他设备支持的设备。Android的以太网用于微万维网服务器从而消除了使用个人电脑和系统需要以访问智能归属系统的用户认证。语音激活开关应用也被纳入到帮助用户特别是对老年人和残疾人。2.相关文献智能家居是不是科学学会了一个新名词然而，它仍然是更远离了人们的视野和听力。随着电子技术正在融合，家庭自动化领域正在扩大。各种智能系统已经被提出，其中控制是通过蓝牙，基于互联网，短消息服务（SMS）等蓝牙功能是好的，大多数目前的笔记本电脑/笔记本，片剂和手机已经内置适配器，将间接减少了系统的成本。但是它限制了控制对环境的蓝牙范围内，而其他大多数系统都不太可行的实现为低成本的解决方案。在基于Wi-Fi家庭自动化系统提出。它使用管理连接家庭设备的PC机（带内置Wi-Fi卡）的Web服务器。用户可以管理和控制系统在本地局域网（LAN）或远程（网络）。该系统支持多种类似的电源管理组件和安全组件，家庭自动化设备。类似的架构中，其中的操作是由在PC上运行的归属代理协调提出。其他纸如，包括一个专用的网络服器，数据库和用于互连和管理设备的网页还介绍网络控制系统。这些系统利用一台PC这导致成本和功耗直接增加。另一方面，网页的开发和托管也将导致额外的费用。一个基于微控制器的语音激活无线自动化系统的设计和实施，提出在。用户说出通过麦克风，其被处理并通过射频（RF）链路无线发送到主控制接收器单元的声音命令。语音识别模块，用于提取语音命令的功能。该提取信号大于由微控制器处理以执行所需的操作。其缺点是，该系统只能从RF范围内进行控制。参考文献也呈现出语音激活智能家居自动化系统。这个系统提供了使用由PC主机的MicrosoftVisualBasic软件的图形用户界面（GUI），并使用微软语音识别引擎。的信号比通过RF链路发送到哪个家电被接口的微控制器。再一台个人计算机使用的占成本的增加和电力消耗。到智能家居系统中的显著贡献已经通过上述系统进行。然而，一台个人计算机用作增加了成本和功率消耗，而其他要求的网页的主机，增加了额外的费用的服务器。语音激活系统或者使用PC软件或独立的语音识别模块语音识别3.系统设计3.1系统架构在提出的设计，用于远程控制和监视智能家居环境中的低成本智能家居系统提出。包括使用Android平台和一个基于Android以太网微web服务器开发的应用程式。阿尔杜伊诺微控制器是承载微Web服务器，并执行需要进行必要的操作的主控制器。传感器和致动器/继电器直接连接到主控制器。智能家居环境可以控制和使用智能家居应用程序，这将与通过互联网的微Web服务器进行通信的远程位置进行监测。通过Wi-Fi或3G/4G网络的任何互联网连接可以在用户设备上使用。所提出的设计报价的能源管理系统，如照明，电源插头和HVAC（供暖，通风和空调）系统的控制的功能;安全和监控系统，如火灾探测和入侵检测与报警器和电子邮件通知;全自动智能家居环境控制，例如保持一定的室温;语音激活切换功能，具有用户验证才能访问智能家居系统。3.2Android平台应用软件开发有开发智能手机应用程序，如WindowsMobile，塞班，iOS和Android的几个台。在建议的制度，因为大部分手机和方便的设备支持Android操作系统Android平台的应用程序开发。使用Android软件开发工具包（SDK）Java编程语言已经被用于智能家居应用的开发和实施。该SDK包含了一套完整的开发工具，如调试器，