陶瓷砖和卫生陶瓷分类及术语

陶瓷砖和卫生陶瓷分类及术语标准类型标准号GB/T9195—1999标准公布单位国家标准局公布范围本标准规定了建筑卫生陶瓷中陶瓷砖和卫生陶瓷的名称、定义及有关术语的涵义。本标准适用于陶瓷和卫生陶瓷的设计、生产、质量检验、贸易、科学争论、教学等领域，也可供建筑施工部门参考。定义陶瓷砖ceramictile由粘土或其他无机非金属原料，经成型、烧结等工艺处理，用于装饰与保护建筑物、构筑物墙面及地面的板状或块状陶瓷制品。也可称为陶瓷饰面砖ceramicfacingtile)卫生陶瓷ceramicsanitaryware用做卫生设施的有釉陶瓷制品。3分类陶瓷砖瓷质砖porcelaintile吸水率〔E〕不超过0.5%的陶瓷砖。炻瓷砖vitrifiedtile0.5%3%的陶瓷砖。细炻砖finestonewaretile3%6%的陶瓷砖。炻质砖stonewaretile6%10%的陶瓷砖。陶质砖fineearthenwaretile吸水率大于10%的陶瓷砖，正面施釉的也可称为釉面砖。挤出砖extrudedtile将可塑性坯料经过挤压机挤出，再切割成型的陶瓷砖。干压陶瓷砖powder-pressedtile将坯粉置于模具中高压下压制成型的陶瓷砖。其他成型方式陶瓷砖tilesmadebyotherprocesses通常生产的干压陶瓷砖和挤压陶瓷砖以外的陶瓷砖。内墙砖interiorwalltile用于装饰与保护建筑物内墙的陶瓷砖。外墙砖exteriorwalltile用于装饰与保护建筑物外墙的陶瓷砖。室内地砖indoorfloortile用于装饰与保护建筑物内部地面的陶瓷砖。室外地砖outdoorgroundtile用于装饰与保护室外构筑物地面的陶瓷砖。有釉砖glazedtile正面施釉的陶瓷砖无釉砖unglazedtile不施釉的陶瓷砖平面装饰砖瓦patterntile正面为平面的陶瓷砖。立体装饰砖stereoscopictile正面呈凹凸纹样的陶瓷砖。陶瓷锦砖ceramicmosaictile用于装饰与保护建筑物地面及墙面的由多块小砖拼贴成联的陶瓷砖〔也称马赛克。广场砖plazastone用于铺砌广场及道路的陶瓷砖。配件砖trimmers用于铺砌建筑物墙脚、拐角等特别装修部位的陶瓷砖。抛光砖polishedtile经过机械研磨、抛光，外表呈镜面光泽的陶瓷砖。渗花砖color-penetratedtile将可溶性色料溶液渗入坯体内，烧成后呈现颜色或花纹的陶瓷砖。劈离砖splittile由挤出法成型为两块反面相连的砖坯，经烧成后敲击分别成的陶瓷砖。卫生陶瓷便器wcpan用于承纳并冲走人体排泄物的有釉陶瓷质卫生器。按排泄口部位，有下排污和排污之分。蹲便器squattingwcpan使用时以人体取蹲式为特点的便器。分为无遮挡和有遮挡；其构造有返水弯和无返水弯两种。坐便器sittingwcpan使用时以人体取坐式为特点的便器。按冲洗方式分有冲落式、虹吸式、喷射虹吸式、旋涡虹吸式。a冲落式坐便器wash-downwcpan 借冲洗水的冲力直接将污物排出的便器。其主要特点是在冲水、排污过程中只形成正压，没有负压。虹吸式坐便器siphonwcpan主要借冲洗水在排水道所形成的虹吸作用将污物排出的便器。冲洗时正压对排污起协作作用。喷射虹吸式坐便器siphonjetwcpan在水封下设有喷射道，借喷射水流而加速排污并在肯定程度上降低冲水噪音的坐便器〔利用水封隔音。连体式坐便器integralsittingwcpan 与水箱为一体的坐便器。其冲洗管道有虹吸式，也有冲落式。3.2.旋涡虹吸式连体坐便器siphonvortexintegralsittingwcpan利用冲洗水流形成的旋涡加速污物排出的虹吸式连体坐便器。壁挂式坐便器wall-hangsittingwcpan挂装在墙面上的坐式大便器。冲洗管道有冲落式和虹吸式。挂箱式坐便器wall-hangcisternsittingwcpan水箱挂装在墙面上的坐便器水箱cistern与便器配套，用以盛装冲洗水的有釉陶瓷质容器。高水箱uppercistern与蹲便器配套的无盖水箱，利用高位差产生的水压将污物排走。低水箱lowercistern 与坐便器配套的带盖水箱。依据安装方式有挂式、坐式。小便器urinal专共男性小便使用的有釉陶瓷质卫生设备。有壁挂式和落地式。 3.2.7.1壁挂式小便器wall-hangurinal挂装于墙壁上的小便器。 3.2.7.2落地式小便器stallurinal直立于地面的小便器。洗面器wash-basin 供洗脸、洗手用的有釉陶瓷质卫生设备。有悬挂式、立柱式和台式。壁挂式洗面器hungwash-basin 安装于墙面或托架上的洗面器。 3.2.8.2立柱式洗面器pedestalwash-basin下方带有立柱的洗面器。3.2.8.3台式洗面器vanitywash-basin与台板组合在一起的洗面器。浴盆bidet 传供洗浴用的有釉陶瓷质卫生设备。净身器bidet带有喷洗的供水系统和排水系统，洗涤人体排泄器官的有釉陶瓷质卫生设备。按洗涤水喷出方式，分直喷式、斜喷式和前后穿插喷洗方式陶瓷成品mugMeatPlate,Round-edge荷口汤盘SoupPlate汤盘Teacup茶杯TeaSaucer茶杯碟Creamer奶壶Bowl(Ricepot,Fan-zong)饭碗Coffeecup/Saucer咖啡杯碟Teacup/Saucer茶杯/碟Milkpot奶壶SaladBowl沙拉Shaker筛Tureen汤窝Duckbowl鸭碗RiceBowl饭碗RicebowlFlaring反口碗Ricebowlrope反口碗Saucer,thickbody厚碟Bowlwithcover盖碗CylindricalDecor直身杯碟TeaPot,PersimmonShapeNo.22号筛壶Platewithhandle/heatplate,thick带把手的厚碟4.5”RiceBowlPlatter大浅盘Vase花瓶FishBowl鱼缸FruitPlate水果盘DeepPlate深盘

4.5`反口碗PepperJar胡椒瓶peppercellarSaltJar盐瓶SaltsellarSeasoningDish格碟FoodMixingBowl斗碗TablewaresSet餐具Teacupwithsaucer茶杯碟ChristmasToys小丑GoddessofMercy观音EightImmortalsofancientFigures八仙Godoflongevitywithlad寿星Godofwealth/Treasure/Longevity财神Porcelainfiguring人物Mask面具Ovalplate鱼盘MeatPlate拼盘FlatPlate平盘SoupPlate汤盘Porcelainfordailyuse日用陶瓷Porcelainforartistic工艺陶瓷Porcelainfordisplay陈设陶瓷theimitationofantiqueporcelain仿古陶瓷labelsforporcelain花纸Gold-embossedporcelain刷金vats盆Corrugatedcardboardboxes皱硬纸板箱Fleurbouquet花篮13pecChineseTeaPot6pecDecoratedMugsetCowmobile6/s动态牛Singleunicorn独角兽〔麒麟〕SpoonRestCandleholder烛座Vaseopen-work通花瓶flowerpot花瓶Pairofhorse,brown棕色对马15pes“chaozhou”teaservice15头潮州茶具Sugarpot糖罐innerboxbubble气泡袋Pollyfoampolybag胶袋Lampstand灯台FoamedPlastic泡莫塑料Lampshade灯罩Candlestick烛台其它Others陶瓷类型TypesofPottery碧玉细炻器jasper薄胎瓷thinchina彩陶器,釉陶faience陈设瓷,摆设瓷displaychina瓷porcelain,china(China„中国‟来自‟Chin‟‟秦‟,在英文中‟中国‟和‟瓷‟同一单词)赤陶terracotta,terracotta,redearthenware代尔夫精陶delft德化陶瓷Te-huaporcelain,Dehuapottery高温陶瓷refractorychina工业陶瓷industrialceramics工艺瓷,美术瓷,艺术瓷artporcelain,artandcraftchina,artpottery,artisticchina骨瓷bonechina官瓷mandarinporcelain光瓷lusterware黑色陶器basalt裂变瓷crackledporcelain斑点speck半透亮translucence,translucency,translucent不渗透的nonporous不透亮的opaque茶叶罐caddy单色的monochrome多色的polychrome高白highwhite,Gaobai工艺品artware鬼工，鬼爷神工demonswork,kueikung景德镇Jingdexhen,Ching-te-chen景泰蓝cloisonné绝缘子insulator考古学archaeology可塑的plastic流变学rheology琉璃瓦glazedtile模型、模特model模子mould耐热heat-proof配方formula盆栽bonsai漆器lacquerwork器皿ware秦始皇陵兵马俑life-sizeterra-cottasoldiersandhorsesinChintomb青铜器bronzework人类学antropology渗透的porous手印，指印fingermark丝网印刷silkscreenprinting四周体tetrahedral搪瓷，珐琅enamel陶瓷的ceramic陶瓷专家，陶瓷艺术家ceramist陶工potter瓦tile碗bowl卫生洁具sanitaryware温度temperature硬度hardness釉工glazier圆块，雕球，瘤knob砖brick陶瓷英语词汇〔1〕stoneware:粗瓷dolomite：白云土terracotta:红土construction/buildingmaterial:建白材料typeofglaze:matt:哑光transparent:透亮釉opaque:不透亮釉pigmented:色釉crackled:裂纹釉pearlized:珍宝釉underglazed:釉下彩on-glazed:釉上彩浮雕：relief,embossbisquefiring:素烧glostfiring:釉烧gild：镀金decal：贴花trinketbox：首饰盒silkscreenprinting:丝网印素彩瓷plainporcelain高温陶瓷refractorychina窑：kilntunnel:隧道窑印花：stamping陶earthenware陶瓷pottery无釉陶、陶瓷素烧坯biscuit,unglazedware锡釉陶majolica工艺品artware鬼工，鬼爷神工demonswork,kueikung景德镇Jingdexhen,Ching-te-chen景泰蓝cloisonné绝缘子insulator考古学archaeology可塑的plastic流变学rheology琉璃瓦glazedtile模型、模特model模子mould耐热heat-proof配方formula盆栽bonsai漆器lacquerwork器皿ware秦始皇陵兵马俑life-sizeterra-cottasoldiersandhorsesinChintomb青铜器bronzework人类学antropology渗透的porous手印，指印fingermark丝网印刷silkscreenprinting四周体tetrahedral搪瓷，珐琅enamel陶瓷的ceramic陶瓷专家，陶瓷艺术家ceramist陶工potter瓦tile碗bowl卫生洁具sanitaryware温度temperature硬度hardness釉工glazier圆块，雕球，瘤knob砖brick细瓷finechina硬瓷hardporcelain赭色粘土陶器terrasigillata紫砂purplegranulated,purplesand,terra-cotta工艺技术Technology凹雕intaglio标记marking玻璃化vitrify车削turning成型forming冲压,冲压花repousse瓷土加工clayprocessing雕刻carving浮雕relief隔焰窑muffle工艺技术technology硅氧键silicon-oxygenbond技艺technique,craft连续窑intermittentkiln浇铸casting拉毛sgraffito连续窑continuouskiln镂雕、镂空piercing辘轳车jigger泥釉彩饰法trailing碾磨grinding抛光burnishing,polishing裂开chip嵌入inlay切刻incising筛子sieve烧制firing陶瓷科技ceramics陶轮potterswheel贴花、嵌花appliqué,decal凸雕，底切，拉底，底部掏槽undercut细裂纹craze性能property压印impressing窑kiln印花stamping釉上彩overglazedcolorfigure釉下彩underglazedcolorfigure预加工pre-processing粘性，粘滞性viscosity,stiffness转模片jiggeredpiece转印transferprint装饰décor,decoration其它Others斑点speck半透亮translucence,translucency,translucent不渗透的nonporous不透亮的opaque茶叶罐caddy单色的monochrome多色的polychrome高白highwhite,Gaobai陶瓷原料CeramicMaterialfeldsparpetunse,petuntse,petuntzeenamelpaint,enamellute高岭土kaolin,chinaclay硅石,silica,SiO2cordierite莫来石,andalusite泥果,claybodyslip石灰,生石灰,lime,calciumoxide,CaOtinoxideglazerawmaterialmica皂石,steatite陶瓷类型TypesofPottery碧玉细炻器jasper薄胎瓷thinchina彩陶器,釉陶faience陈设瓷,摆设瓷displaychina瓷porcelain,china(China„中国‟来自‟Chin‟‟秦‟,在英文中‟中国‟和‟瓷‟同一单词)赤陶terracotta,terracotta,redearthenware代尔夫精陶delft德化陶瓷Te-huaporcelain,Dehuapottery高温陶瓷refractorychina工业陶瓷industrialceramics工艺瓷,美术瓷,艺术瓷artporcelain,artandcraftchina,artpottery,artisticchina骨瓷bonechina官瓷mandarinporcelain光瓷lusterware黑色陶器basalt裂变瓷crackledporcelain裂纹瓷crazedchina米色陶器creamware青瓷celadon青花瓷buleandwhiteporcelain轻质瓷、轻瓷lightchina日用瓷householdchina,tableware软瓷softporcelain杀菌陶瓷antisepticpottery绳纹陶器Jomonpottery施釉陶器slipware炻瓷stoneware素彩瓷plainporcelain陶瓷术语英语翻译陶瓷原料CeramicMaterial白云土dolomitefeldsparpetunse,petuntse,petuntzeenamelpaint,enamellute高岭土kaolin,chinaclay硅石,silica,SiO2cordierite莫来石,andalusite泥果,claybodyslip石灰,生石灰,lime,calciumoxide,CaOtinoxideglazerawmaterialmica皂石,steatite其它Others斑点speck半透亮translucence,translucency,translucent不渗透的nonporous不透亮的opaque茶叶罐caddy单色的monochrome镀金gild多色的polychrome高白highwhite,Gaobai工艺品artware鬼工，鬼爷神工demonswork,kueikung建白材料construction/buildingmaterial景德镇Jingdexhen,Ching-te-chen景泰蓝cloisonné绝缘子insulator考古学archaeology可塑的plastic流变学rheology琉璃瓦glazedtile模型、模特model模子mould耐热heat-proof配方formula盆栽bonsai漆器lacquerwork器皿ware秦始皇陵兵马俑life-sizeterra-cottasoldiersandhorsesinChintomb青铜器bronzework人类学antropology渗透的porous手印，指印fingermark首饰盒jewelcase丝网印刷silkscreenprinting四周体tetrahedral搪瓷，珐琅enamel陶瓷的ceramic陶瓷专家，陶瓷艺术家ceramist陶工potter瓦tile碗bowl卫生洁具sanitaryware温度temperature硬度hardness釉工glazier圆块，雕球，瘤knob砖brick裂纹瓷crazedchina米色陶器creamware青瓷celadon青花瓷buleandwhiteporcelain轻质瓷、轻瓷lightchina日用瓷householdchina,tableware软瓷softporcelain杀菌陶瓷antisepticpottery绳纹陶器Jomonpottery施釉陶器slipware炻瓷stoneware素彩瓷plainporcelain陶earthenware陶瓷pottery无釉陶、陶瓷素烧坯biscuit,unglazedware锡釉陶majolica细瓷finechina硬瓷hardporcelain赭色粘土陶器terrasigillata紫砂purplegranulated,purplesand,terra-cotta工艺技术Technology凹雕intaglio标记marking玻璃化vitrify车削turning成型forming冲压,冲压花repousse瓷土加工clayprocessing雕刻carving浮雕relief隔焰窑muffle工艺技术technology硅氧键silicon-oxygenbond技艺technique,craft连续窑intermittentkiln浇铸casting拉毛sgraffito连续窑continuouskiln镂雕、镂空piercing辘轳车jigger泥釉彩饰法trailing碾磨grinding抛光burnishing,polishing裂开chip嵌入inlay切刻incising筛子sieve烧制firing陶瓷科技ceramics陶轮potterswheel贴花、嵌花appliqué,decal凸雕，底切，拉底，底部掏槽undercut细裂纹craze性能property压印impressing窑kiln印花stamping釉上彩overglazedcolorfigure釉下彩underglazedcolorfigure预加工pre-processing粘性，粘滞性viscosity,stiffness转模片jiggeredpiece转印transferprint装饰décor,decoration陶瓷专业术语feldsparpetunse,petuntse,petuntzeenamelpaint,enamellute高岭土kaolin,chinaclay硅石,silica,SiO2cordierite莫来石,andalusite泥果,claybodyslip石灰,生石灰,lime,calciumoxide,CaOtinoxideglazerawmaterialmica皂石,steatitedolomite：白云土terracotta:红土construction/buildingmaterial:建白材料陶瓷质地和类型Qualities&TypesofPotteryWhiteBody白胎碧玉细炻器jasper薄胎瓷thinchina/egg-shellporcelain彩陶器,釉陶faience陈设瓷,摆设瓷displaychina/ornamentalporcelain瓷porcelain,china(China„中国‟来自‟Chin‟‟秦‟,在英文中‟中国‟和‟瓷‟同一单词)赤陶terracotta,terracotta,redearthenware代尔夫精陶delft德化陶瓷Te-huaporcelain,Dehuapottery高温陶瓷refractorychinalow-firedporcelain工业陶瓷industrialceramics工艺瓷,美术瓷,艺术瓷artporcelain,artandcraftch