毕业论文格式

附录北京工业大学外国语学院英语系本科生毕业设计（论文）撰写规范（修订版）毕业设计（论文）是学生在校学习的最后阶段，是培养学生综合运用所学知识、分析和解决实际问题、锻炼创新能力的重要环节。毕业设计（论文）是记录科研成果的重要文献资料，也是申请学位的基本依据。为了保证我院本科生毕业设计（论文）质量，特制定《北京工业大学外国语学院英语系本科生毕业设计（论文）撰写规范（修订版）》。一、论文印装毕业论文用A4纸单面打印。要符合一般学术论文的写作规范，英文统一用TimesNewRoman小四号字，行间距1.5倍，标点符号后空一格；每页出现的标题用 4号字，并加粗，中文用宋体，中文版面页边距上 3cm下、左、右2.5cm;页眉加“北京工业大学毕业设计（论文）”字体为隶书3号字居中，字体下为长横线，页眉距边界2cm；页脚距边界1.75cm，页码用小五号字底端居中。二、论文结构及要求毕业论文由以下部分组成：封面及毕业设计（论文）任务书；致谢；英文摘要、中文摘要及关键词；目录；正文；参考文献；附录。（一） 封面及毕业设计（论文）任务书封面及毕业设计（论文）任务书按照学校统一规范印制。论文中文题目不得超过 20个汉字（题目用黑体3号字），要求对论文内容高度概括，简明、易读、准确，可分两行。任务书由指导教师填写，并由系主任签字。（二） 致谢对指导教师和论文撰写过程中给予指导或协助完成的组织和个人表示感谢。要求文字简捷、实事求是，切忌浮夸、庸俗之词。（三） 中英文摘要及关键词论文摘要是对论文内容的简要陈述，应尽量概括全文主旨。包括：研究内容、目的、方法、主要成果、特色和结论等，应短小、精炼，不含图表，不加注释，具有独立性和完整性。要求英文摘要200单词左右，中文摘要一般为400字左右。“摘要”字样位置居中。关键词是反映毕业论文主题内容的概念性名词，供检索文章时使用。关键词条应为通用技术词语，不得自造关键词，尽量从《汉语主题词表》中选用。关键词一般为 3~5个，按词条外延层次（学科目录分类），由高至低顺序排列。中文关键词与英文关键词一般应该保持对应。关键词排在摘要正文部分下方。（四） 目录目录按三级标题编写，要求层次清晰，且要求与正文标题一致。一般应包括致谢、摘要、绪论、正文主体、结论、主要参考文献及附录等。（五） 正文论文正文部分一般包括：绪论、论文主体及结论。题目中主标题居中，副标题左对齐。所有题目的开头字母均须大写， 主标题中其它有实意词的第一个字母也需大写。绪论部分应说明论文选题目的和意义，以及论文所研究的主要内容。论文主体是论文的主要组成部分，要求层次清楚，文字表达准确、通顺，重点突出，符合一般学术论文的结构规范。格式是保证文章结构清晰、纲目分明的重要手段。撰写不同学术领域论文应采用相应领域论文的统一格式，同时应参考北京工业大学本科生毕业论文规范中的相关规定， 应保持前后统一，不得混杂使用。格式除题序层次外，还应包括分段、行距、字体和字号等。（六）参考文献为了反映论文的科学依据和尊重他人研究成果的严肃态度， 同时向读者提供有关信息的出处，正文之后一般应刊出主要参考文献。参考文献一般不少于 10篇，列出文中所有引文的出处和所依据文献的版本情况。条目按作者姓， 名的字母降序排列，中外文分别列出，英文在前，中文在后。具体格式根据论文研究方向可采取 MLA（适用文学方向）或APA格式（适用商务、跨文化、语言学、教学法、翻译等方向） 。详见范例：范例1:MLA（美国现代语言协会）论文格式，适用于文学方向。该格式仅供参考，具体写作中未尽事宜请与导师请教。TOC\o"1-5"\h\zAcknowledgements iAbstract.. ii摘要 iiiContentsIntroduction 1Chapter1GenderandMadness 2 _2A 1 / _5A _61 _J7Chapter2RaceandMadness 8小标题格式同上Chapter3.WomanWarriorstheRebels 9小标题格式同上Conclusion 10Bibliography 11DocumentationofSourcesInacademicclasses,instructorsmayaskyoutodocumentthesourcesofoutsideinformationyouuseinapaper.Therearetwostepstothisprocess.Insertashortreferenceinthebodyofyourpaper.Thisiscalledanin-textcitation.Preparealistdescribingallyoursourcescompletely.ThislististitledWorksCitedandappearsasthelastpageofyourpaper.In-TextCitationsThepurposeofanin-textcitationistoreferthereadertotheworks-citedlistattheendofyourpaper.In-textcitationsarealsocalledparentheticalreferencesbecausetheyareenclosedinparentheses.Placein-textcitationsimmediatelyaftertheborrowedinformation,usuallyattheendofasentence,beforethefinalperiod.—universallanguagecouldbringcountriestogetherculturallyandeconomicallyaswellasincreasegoodfeelingsamongthen|(Kispert27).ThenameKispertinparenthesesattheendofthissentencetellsusthattheideasinthesentencecamefromaworkwrittenbyapersonwhoselastnameisKispert.Thepagenumber27isgiven,onwhichthearticleappears.In-textcitationsareasshortaspossible.Theycontainonlyenoughinformationtoallowthereadertofindthefullreferenceinthelistofworkscitedattheendofyourpaper.Herearesomeguidelines.OneAuthor(Clinton17)Usethelastnameoftheauthorandapagenumber(ornumbers,iftheborrowedinformationappearsonmorethanonepage).Usenopunctuation.TwoorMoreAuthors(BambergerandYaeger62)(Singletonetal.345)Iftherearetwoorthreeauthors,giveallthenames.Iftherearefourormore,usethefirstauthor'snameandtheLatinabbreviationetal.(—anolthers)fbllowedbyaperiod.AuthorAlreadyMentionedIfyouhavealreadymentionedtheauthor'snameinthetext,orifyouarecitingtwoconsecutivepiecesofborrowedinformationfromthesource,donotrepeatthenameinyourcitation.Forexample,ifyouintroducedtheborrowedinformationwithaphrasesuchas"AccordingtoClinton, fgiveonlythep:agenumberAsAmyLingobserves,—ForJadeSnowWong,silencewasanexternallyimposedcondition.Whenshebrokefreeofherfather 'scontrol,shebrokeintowords,reportingtheconditionsshehadovercometoarrivewhereshehad f(127).NoAuthor(—20020lympics,l.1?)arIfthereisnoauthor,useashorttitleinquotationmarks.QuotedQuotation(qtd.inHerper1)Ifyouusesomeone'swordsthatarequotedinasourcewrittenbyadifferentperson,beginthein-textcitationwiththeabbreviationqtd.in(forquotedin).EncyclopediaArticleWithNoAuthor(—GlobalWarmingIIForanencyclopediaarticle,usetheauthor'snameifyoudon 'tknowit.Ifyoudon'tknowit,usethetitleofthearticleinquotationmarks.Youdonotneedapagenumbersinceencyclopediaarticlesarearrangedalphabeticallyandareaderwillbeabletofindthesourceeasily.ElectronicSource(Kidder,par.7)(—2000Olympics,IIpar.12)(Gardiner,screens2-3)Foranelectronicsource(onlineorCD-ROM),followthesamesystemasforprintsources.Iftherearenopagenumbers,usewhatevernumberingsystemthesourcehas-sectionnumber(abbreviatedas —sec.II),paragraphnumber(abbreviatedas -or——pars.II),screennumber,ornonumber.PutacommaaftertheauthororsHierttitwhenyouuseparagraphnumbersorscreennumbers.AquotationmorethanfourlinesIfaquotationrunstomorethanfourlinesinyourpaper,setitofffromyourtextbybeginninganewline,indentingoneinch(ortenspaces)fromtheleftmargin,andtypingitdouble-spaced,withoutaddingquotationmarks.Acolongenerallyintroducesaquotationdisplayedinthisway,thoughsometimesthecontextmayrequireadifferentmarkofpunctuationornoneatall.Ifyouquoteonlyasingleparagraphorpartofone,donotindentthefirstlinemorethantherest.Aparentheticalreferencetoaprosequotationsetofffromthetextfollowsthelastlineofthequotation.Untilthen,havingbeenadocileandfilialdaughter,JadeSnownowdoesnotwanttomaintainhersilence,doesnotwanttobeanobedientdaughterandtobecomeatraditionalwomananymore;shewantstobeherself,anindependentfemale.Thus,sherebelsopenlyandfuriously:WhyshouldOlderBrotherbealoneinenjoyingthemajorbenefitsofDaddy'stoil?TherearenoancestralpilgrimagestobemadeintheUnitedStates!Ican'thelpbeingbornagirl.Perhaps,evenbeingagirl,Idon'wtanttomarry,justtoraisesons!PerhapsIhavearighttowantmorethansons!Iamaperson,besidesbeingafemale!(Wong109-110)Ifyouneedtoquotetwoormoreparagraphs,indentthefirstlineofeachparagraphanadditionalquarterin(orthreespacesonatypewriter).Ifthefirstsentencequoteddoesnotbeginaparagraphinthesource,however,donotindentittheadditionalamount.Indentonlythefirstlinesofthesuccessiveparagraphs.Wongsayssheis ——astonishedIIandhaving ——consideredthesituationanddecidedtosaynothing,IIandjust—walkedaway,eyesstraightaheadof:her,thinkingEverybodyknewthattheChinesepeoplehadasuperiorculture.Herancestorshadcreatedagreatartheritageandhadmadeinventionsimportanttoworldcivilization—thecompass,gunpowder,paper,andahostofotheressentials.Sheknew,too,thatRichard'sgradescouldn'tcomparewithherown,andhisfamilytrainingwasobviouslyamiss.Sheconcludedthatperhapstheforeignersweresimplyunwiseinthewaysofhumannature,andunawareoftheimportanceofgivingtheotherperson —face,Inomatterwhatone'spersonalopinionmightbe.Theyprobablycouldnothelptheirowninsensibility.(Wong68-69)Works-CitedListsThesecondstepincitingsourcesistolistallthesourcesyouactuallyusedinyourPaper.(Donotincludesourcesthatyoureadbutdidnotuse.)ListthemalphabeticallyBylastnameoftheauthoror,ifthereisnoauthor,bythefirstwordofthetitle(disregardingA,An,andThe).Includeinformationabouteachsourceasdescribedhere.Paycloseattentiontopunctuationandcapitalization,andindentthesecondline5spaces.Forkindsofsourcesnotincludedhere,consultamorecomprehensiveEnglishhandbook,suchasthMeLAHandbook.BookwithOneAuthorBryson,Bill.TheMotherTongue:EnglishandHowItGotThatWa.yNewYork:Avon,1991.Thisistheformofabasicbookreference.Dividetheinformationintothreeparts:(1)nameoftheauthor,(2)titleofthebook,(3)publishinginformation.Putaperiodandonespaceaftereachpart.Writetheauthor'slastnamefirstandputacommaafterit.Donotineludeaperson'stitles.Putacolonbetweenthetitleandsubtitle,andunderlineboth.Writethecityofpublication,acolon,thenameofthepublishingcompany,acomma,theyearofpublication,andaperiod.Getthisinformationfromthetitlepageorthebackofthetitlepageinsidethebook,notfromthebook'scover.Usethefirstcitylistedifthereareseveral.Includeanabbreviationforastateorcountryifthecityisunfamiliarorinanywayunclear.Usethemostrecentyear.ShortenthenameofthepublisherbyomittingwordslikePressPublishers,Books,Inc.andCo.BookwithTwoorMoreAuthorsHall,EdwardT.,andMildredReedHall.UnderstandingCulturalDifferences.Yarmouth,ME:lntercultural,1990.Usereverseorderforthefirstauthor'sname,andthenwriteallotherauthorsinnormalorder.Putacommaafterthelastnameofthefirstauthorandalsobetweenauthors.BookwithMoreThanOneEditionBaugh,AlbertC.,andThomasCableAHistoryoftheEnglishLanguage5thed.UpperSaddleRiver,NJ:PrenticeHall,2002.Putthenumberandtheabbreviation —ed.rde(2.n4tle(ed3,andsoon)afterthetitle,followedbyaperiod.EncyclopediaArticle—IntelligeneeTest.NewEncyclopediaBritannica:Micropedia.15thed.Usetheauthor'snameifitisgiven.Sometimestheauthor'snameappearsattheendofanencyclopediaarticleandsometimesnot.Ifthereisnoauthor,putthetitleofthearticlefirst.Enclosethetitleinquotationmarks.Underlinethetitleoftheencyclopedia.Puttheeditionnumberifthereisone,ifthereisnone,usetheyear.MagazineArticleBamberger,Michael,andDonYaeger.——OvdheEdge.IISportsIllustrated14Apr.1997:62-70.Putthetitleofthearticleinsidequotationmarks.Underlinethenameofthemagazine.Includetheday,month,andyearforweeklymagazinesfollowedbyacolonandthepagenumberornumbersonwhichthearticleappears.AbbreviatethenamesofmonthsexceptMay,June,andJuly.NewspaperArticleEpstein,EdwardA.—ALessSocialSocietyIsBecomingShy.IISanFranciscoChronicle_14Sep.1995:A-1.ThisarticleappearedonpageA-lofthenewspaper.PersonalInterviewJones,John.Personalinterview.31Oct.2003.OnlineSourceKispert,RobertJ. —UniversalLangWoudjd.BookOnlineRefereneeCenter2004.WorldBook,lnc.25Mar.2004</wb/Article?id=ar576960>.Leroux,Kivi. —SubliminalMessages:PrimetimeTVProgramsEducateViewersontheEnvironment.EMagazineJuly-Aug.1999.14Sep-2004<http://www.emagazi/july-august_1999/0799curr_subliminal.html>.Citationsforonlinesourcesneedthesamebasicinformationasprintsources:author,title,anddateofpublication.Thedateofpublicationforanonlinesourceisthedateitwasputonlineorthedateitwaslastrevised.Sometimesyoucannotfindanauthororapublicationdate;inthiscase,justgivewhateverinformationyouareabletofind.Inaddition,youneedtogivethesetwopiecesofinformationforanonlinesource.Yourdateofaccess.Becauseonlinesourcesareoftenrevised,youneedtoshowexactlywhichversionyouused.Putthedateyouaccessed(visited)thesitejustbeforethesource'selectronicaddress.Theexactelectronicaddress.Copytheaddressfromthetopofyourcomputerscreenandencloseitinanglebrackets(<>).CopytheexactaddressoftheWebpageyouused,notjustthehomepageaddress.Ifyoumustdivideanaddressbecauseitistoolongtofitonaline,divideitonlyataslashmark(/).FormatoftheWorks-CitedpageAworks-citedlistiswrittenortypedonaseparatepage,whichisthelastpageofapaper.Usethefollowingformat.CapitalizethetitleoftheWorks-Citedlistandcenteritonthepage.Putthelistinalphabeticalorderbyauthor 'slastname(ortitleoftheworkifthereisnoauthor).Double-spaceeverything.Indentthesecondlineofeachcitation5spacesorl/2inch.ModelWorksCitedBamberger,Michael,andDonYaeger. —OvertlSpEdlg^Justrated14Apr.1997:62-70.Baugh,AlbertC.,andThomasCableAHistorvoftheEnglishLanguage.5thed.UpperSaddleRiver,NJ:PrenticeHall|,2002.Bruce,Meredith.Cybercrime.Newyork:Wexler,2004.Brunish,Cory.Letter.Time16Feb.2004:9.Clinton,Patrick. —MannedMarsFlight:ImpossibleDSpam?Scienee15Oct.2003:16-18.Downie,Andrew. —BrazilConsidersLinguisticBarricadHristianScienceMonitor

6Sep.2000.13Sep.2004<http://csmonitor.com/cgi-bin/durableRedirect.pl?/durable/2000/09/06/fp7s2-csm.shtml|>.Epstein,Edward. —ALessSocialSocietyIsBecomingSSnyFranciscoChronicle—Sc—ScyntepediaofMentalHealth.Henderson,Lynne,andPhilipZimbardo.SanDiego:AcademicPress,19pp.4May2004<http://www.shyness.corn/encyclopedia.html〉.Herper,Matthew.—PerformaneeDrugsOutruntheOlympi3rto.es15F^b.2002:30Mar.2004</2002/02/15/0215ped.htm>.Kispert,RobertJ.—UniversallangUage.BookIOnlineRefereneeCenterKispert,RobertJ.2004.WorldBook,Inc.12Sep.2004</wb/Article?id=ar576960>.Kluger,Jeffrey. —MissiontoMars:FirsttheRoverLands,andNowBushWantstoSendPeople.WeCanDoItEvenFasterThanPlanned,butHereIsWhatItWillTake.Time26Jan.2004:42-7l.Jones,John.Personalinterview.31Oct.2003.Leroux.Kivi. —SubliminalMessages:PrimetimeTVProgramsEducateViewersontheEnvironment.EMbgazineJuly-Aug.1999.14Sep.2004<http://www.emagazine.com/july-august_1999/0799curr_subliminal.html>.Pinker,Steven. —CanaComputerBeConsUoSsNews&WorldReport18Aug.1997:63-65.—The2000Olympics:GamesoftheDrugs?CBSNEWS.com9Sep.2000.30Mar.2004</stories/2002/01/31/health/main326667.shtml?CMP=ILC-SearchStories>.汉语文献ImagecanugMotherZheng,Xian［郑娴］.—CulturalConnotationofMothersImagecanugMotherRelationshipinAmyTan 'sNovEd.Ai-minCheng.AStudyofChineseAmericanLiterature.Beijing:BeijingUniversityPress,2003,266-276.(“论

谭恩美小说中的‘母亲形象’及母字关系的文化内涵•”程爱民主编：《美国华裔文学研究》，北京：北京大学出版社，2003。）关于MLA格式的补充：最新MLA论文写作格式1.英文文献：1）单个作者的著作:Chopin,Kate.TheAwakening.NewYork:CambridgeUP,1996.2）同一作者的多部著作：Scholes,Roberts.ProtocolsofReadingNewHaven:YaleUP,1989..TextualPower:LiteraryTheoryandtheTeachingofEnglish.NewHaven:YaleUP,1985.3）两人或多个作者的合著:Eggins,Suzanne,andDianeSladeAnalyzingCasualConversation.London:Cassell,1997.Quirk,Randolph,etal.AComprehensiveGrammaroftheEnglishLanguageLondon:Longman,1985.4）文章Nelles,William.-EdnaPontelliersRevoltagainstNature.IIAmericanLiteratureAusten,Jane.PrideandPrejudice.Ed.HenryChurchyard.1996.10Sept.1998</janeinfo/pridprej.html>.范例2:APA(美国心理学学会)格式，适用于商务英语、跨文化、语言学、教学法、翻译等研究方向。该格式仅供参考，具体写作中未尽事宜请与导师请教。注：更多关于APA写作格式的要求可以参阅FormandStyle:Researchpapers,reportsandtheses,(中文名：如何写研究论文与学术报告),tenthedition.ByCaroleSlade,foreignIanguageteachingandresearchpress,ISBN978-7-5600-1963-5ContentsAcknowledgements . .-.-.iTOC\o"1-5"\h\zAbstract ..… ii摘要 ..ivContents vChapteOneIntroduction 1ChapterTwoBusinessEnglsihandTrademarkTranslation 2 3 3 5 62.2.1 6 7ChapterThreeStrategiesAdopted 8小标题格式同上ChapterFourConclusion 9References 9引文格式：直接引用要加引号，女口Newmark(1980:66)haspointedout …用四行以上长段引文应单独成段，上、下各空一行，并缩进四格(半角) 、左对齐、字号较正文小一号，不加引号，句号在引文结束后、括号前。如： (Newmark1980:66)夹注格式：对论文的引文和所依据的文献以夹注的形式在括号内注明作者姓，出版年和引文页码。例如：(Yao1981:85)或(Bloomfield1933:203)。如引用同一作者同年两部以上著作可 (Newmark1980a:90)或(Newmark1980b:90)，以此类推。参考文献(References)格式：APA格式不采用文献编号的方式排列。中文部分和英文部分分开排列，但均以作者姓氏字母(由A到Z)依序排列。在此列出的文献必须都是在内文中引用到的，内文中没有引用过的文献不