chapter 5《现代物流专业英语》-易牧农-电子教案-3846

TheRoleofTransportationFactorsAffectingTransportationDecisionTransportationModeChapter5TransportationStrategyDesignOptionsforTransportationNetworkTrade-offinTransportationDesignKeypoints:

transportationDifficultpoints:

crossdocking;customizedproductRequirements:Bytheendofthislesson,youshouldbeabletounderstandtheroleoftransportation.

5.1TheRoleofTransportation

Transportationplaysakeyroleineverysupplychainbecauseproductsarerarelyproducedandconsumedinthesamelocation.Transportationisasignificantcomponentofthecostmostsupplychainsincur.FreighttransportationcostsintheUnitedStatesin1996were$455billion,whichamountedtoabout6percentofthegrossdomesticproduct.TheRoleofTransportation

Transportationreferstothemovementofproductfromonelocationtoanotherasitmakesitswayfromthebeginningofasupplychaintothecustomer'shands.

SentenceExplanations运输是指产品从供应链的开始到顾客手中的空间位置的移动一个位置的移动过程。

2.Toachieveahighlevelofproductavailabilityatareasonableprice,Wal-Martcarriesalowlevelofinventoryatitsstoresandreplenishesfrequentlyasproductissold.SentenceExplanations沃尔玛运输业已经有效地使用了一种灵活的运输体系降低它的总开支。

3.Tolowerthetransportationcostoffrequentreplenishment,Wal-Martaggregatesproductsdestinedfordifferentretailstoresontrucksleavingasupplier.SentenceExplanations为了以合理的价格达到较高的产品可用性水平，沃尔玛在商店保持较低的存货低水平，对于畅销的产品进行频繁的补货。

4.Atdistributioncenters,Wal-Martusescrossdocking,aprocessinwhichproductisexchangedbetweentruckssothateachtruckgoingtoaretailstorehasproductsfromdifferentsuppliers.

SentenceExplanations

在配送中心，沃尔玛使用越库，越库是产品在卡车之间交换的过程，以便去每个零售店的卡车装载来自不同供应商的产品。

5.7-ElevenJapanhasagoalofcarryingproductsinitsstorestomatchtheneedsofcustomersastheyvarybygeographicallocationortimeofday.

SentenceExplanations日本的7-11根据其店铺的地理位置和营业时间段的顾客需求的不同为其所有店铺制定了一个相匹配的目标。

6.7-Elevenusesaresponsivetransportationsystemalongwithaggregationtodecreaseitstransportationandreceivingcostswhileensuringthatproductavailabilitycloselymatchescustomerdemand.

SentenceExplanations减少的7-11启用了一个回应运输系统把货物集中起来降低其运输和进货成本，以确保产品可用性与顾客的需求相一致。

Whatistransportation？2.Whatistheroleoftransportation?Questions

5.2FactorsAffectingTransportationDecisionKeypoints:shipper;carrier;transportationdecision

Difficultpoints:

overheadcostRequirements：Bytheendofthislesson,youshouldbeableto

understandtwokeyplayersinanytransportation.describefactorsaffectingcarriertransportationdecisions.describefactorsaffectingshippertransportationdecisions.

Therearetwokeyplayersinanytransportationthattakesplacewithinasupplychain:Theshipperisthepartythatrequiresthemovementoftheproductbetweentwopointsinthesupplychain,andthecarrieristhepartythatmovesortransportstheproduct.Forexample,whenDellusesUPStoshipitscomputersfromthefactorytothecustomer,DellistheshipperandUPSisthecarrier.FactorsAffectingTransportationDecision

Thevehicle-relatedcostisincurredwhetherthevehicleisusedornotandisconsideredfixedforshort-termoperationaldecisionsbythecarrier.SentenceExplanations

无论车辆是否被使用该费用都会发生，它是运输公司在短期运营决策中必须考虑的问题。

2.Thecostisalsoconsideredvariablewhenmakingoperationaldecisionsthataffectthelengthanddurationofatrip.

SentenceExplanations当旅途的长度和持续的时间变化时，该费用在进行操作决策时，也被认为是可变的。

3.Whenatruckingcompanyinvestsinroutingsoftwarethatallowsamanagertodevisegooddeliveryroutes,theinvestmentinthesoftwareanditsoperationisincludedinoverhead.SentenceExplanations一家货车运输公司投资允许经理设计更好的货运路线的软件时，对软件及操作的投资被归入营业成本。

4.

Inventorycostsareconsideredfixedforshort-termtransportationdecisionsthatassigneachcustomershipmenttoacarrier.SentenceExplanations对于把每一个顾客的货物委托给运输公司这样的短期决策来说，存货成本被认为是固定的。

5.Ashipper'sdecisionsarealsoaffectedbytheresponsivenessitseekstoprovideitscustomersandthemarginsgeneratedfromdifferentproductsandcustomers.SentenceExplanations发货公司的决策也受公司寻求提供给顾客的响应速度，以及边从不同产品和顾客中产生的利润有关。

6.Forexample,Webvan,anon-linegrocer,promiseshomedeliveryofgrocerieswithina30-minutetimewindowselectedbythecustomer.

SentenceExplanations例如，Webvan，一个在线杂货商，许诺顾客选择交货时间在顾客预定时间的30分钟内。

7.Thetransportationnetworksdesignedbythetwocompaniesandthenumberofvehiclesrelativetodemandreflectthedifferenceintheirstrategies.

SentenceExplanations发货公司和运输公司的运输网络设计以及相对于顾客对于交通工具的要求反映了他们战略上的差别。

1.Whatarekeyplayersinanytransportation？2.Whatisoverheadcost?3.Explainthefactorsthataffectcarriertransportationdecisionsinyourwords.4.Explainthefactorsthataffectshippertransportationdecisionsinyourwords.Questions

Keypoints:

transportationmode

Difficultpoints:

less-than-truckload;locomotives;intermodalRequirements:Bytheendofthislesson,youshouldbeableto

understandthemodesoftransportation.describethecharacteristicsofthemodesoftransportation.

5.3TransportationMode

TransportationMode

Supplychainsuseacombinationofthefollowingmodesoftransportation:AirPackagecarriersTruckRailWaterPipelineIntermodalGiventhelargefixedcostsandrelativelylowvariablecosts,revenuemanagement,inwhichairlinesvaryseatpricesandallocateseatstodifferentpriceclasses,isasignificantfactorinthesuccessofpassengerairlines.SentenceExplanations

鉴于大的固定成本和相对低的可变成本，收入管理，其中航空公司改变位子价格并且把位子分配到不同的价格范围，是航空公司对客机管理成功的一个重要的因素。

2.Packagecarriersthatprimarilyuseair-planes,likeFedEx,aresimilartoaircargocarriersexceptthattheyseekoutsmallerandmoretime-sensitiveshipmentsforwhichtrackingandothervalue-addedservicesaremoreimportant.

SentenceExplanations象联邦快递一样主要使用飞机的包裹运输，除了他们寻找跟踪和其他的增值业务更重要的更小和时间要求高货物，与航空运输公司有相似之处。联邦快递使用卡车把分检的货物交付到最后的目的地。

3.Railroadperformanceishurtbythelargeamountoftimetakenateachtransition.

SentenceExplanations铁路性能在每一个中转站都要耗费大量的时间。

4.Delaysareexaggeratedbecausetrainstodayaretypicallynotscheduledbut"built";inotherwords,atrainleaveswhenthereareenoughcarstoconstitutethetrain.

SentenceExplanations由于货物运到时，火车时刻表却没有车次安排，所以延期的时间就被夸大，换句话说，当有足够的货物等待运输时，却没有火车。

5.Containersareeasytotransferfromonemodetoanother,andtheirusefacilitatesintermodaltransportation.

SentenceExplanations

集装箱从一种运输方式转移到另一种运输方式是非常容易的，并且易于采用复合运输。

6.Italsocreatesconvenienceforshippers,whichwoulddealwithonlyoneentityrepresentingallcarrierswhotogetherprovidetheintermodalservice.

SentenceExplanations它也为发送人提供了便利，他们只同一个运输公司打交道就可使用复合的运输服务。

7.Keyissuesintheintermodalindustryinvolvetheexchangeofinformationtofacilitateshipmenttransfersbetweendifferentmodesbecausethesetransfersofteninvolveconsiderabledelays,hurtingdeliverytimeperformance.

SentenceExplanations复合运输行业的关键问题包括：因为转运可能出现耽误，造成交货期的延误，因此，在不同运输模式转换时，货物信息的交流是一个问题。

1.Describethecharacteristicsofairtransportation.2.Whatisless-than-truckload(LTL)?3.Explainthesentence“Packagecarriersarethepreferredmodeoftransportfore-businesses”inyourwords.4.Describethecharacteristicsoftrucktransportation5.Whatismilkrun?6.Describethecharacteristicsofrailandwater.7.Discusstheadvantagesofintermodal.Questions

Keypoints:

transportationnetwork;optionDifficultpoints:

directshippingwithmilkruns;crossdockingRequirements:Bytheendofthislesson,youshouldbeabletodiscussthetypesoftransportationnetwork.describethedirectshipmentnetwork.definethedirectshippingwithmilkruns.understandallshipmentsviacentraldistributioncenter.

5.4

DesignOptionforTransportationNetwork

Awell-designedtransportationnetworkallows