大题冲关秘笈-第6辑阅读理解话题类（下）四史地常识类

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精 历史地理类文章一般涉及某个国家、地区、河流、山脉、海洋、城镇等的地理位置以及与之相关的社会生活、社会风情、政治经济、人文历史、自然资源、文化习俗、文化遗产等方面的情况，相当一部分文章还附有图表供理解或选择.文章选材来源于英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件、历史年代；命题以细节题为主,有一定的主观推断题;涉及一定的地理常识或历史知识。阅读史地类文章时，要重点弄清楚各个地名、人名之间的相互关系和各个国家、地区或城镇之间的地理方位。如果文章或试题有附图或附表，一定要把附图或附表看懂、看明白。附图或附表的存在就是帮助我们更好地读懂和理解文章，辅助我们做好有关试题.Passage1（2014·湖北D） You’veflownhalfwayaroundtheworld；you’vesniffedoutthisplacethatnobodyinFalonglandorThailandseemstohaveeverheardof;sowhatonearthistheretodohere？Youconsiderthisquestionasyousinkintoanoldwoodenbeachchairthatholdsyouabovethesand. ItwasalongjourneyfromBangkoktoHuaplee。Bythetimeyoufoundthebusstationandgotyourselfsortedout，ittookalmostaslongastheflightfromFalongland. HuapleeislocatedjustsouthofHuaHin,abouttwohundredkilometresfromBangkok,downthewestsideoftheGulfofThailand.Notmanytouristsfindthisplace，andtheonesthatdowonderiffindingithasbeentheirpurposeallalong。 There’sanapparentlazinessthatsurroundsyouhere。It'swhatthisplaceoffers，andit'sfreeofcharge。Thesmallwavesthattaptheshorelineseemtosloweverythingdown.Yousettleintoyourbeachchairinpreparationforalongrest.Yousitthereandwatchthesea. It'searlyafternoon,sothecookcomesoutandaskswhatyou'dliketoeatthisevening.Beforelonghe’srushedofftothemarkettobuytheingredientsforwhateveritwasthatyouordered-everymealfreshandtoorder.Nomenuhere. Thereisnopoolsidenoiseherebutjustthatwonderfullywarm，clearbluesea。There’snostreetnoise。Theonlysoundsarethemurmursofnature. Fornowyoujustcountyourblessings（福祉),listingtheminthesandwithyourtoe（脚趾).Youdon'thavetoworryaboutbeinglateforwork.Youdon’thavetodoanything。 Thebeachtoyourrightstretchesofftothehorizon(地平线）,slowlynarrowingtonothingnessonlytore—emergeagainonyourleft，nowsteadilywideninguntilitcoversthechairbeneathyou。Sandtoyourleftandsandtoyourright;it'sunbroken,endless.Nostart，noend,justsand，sun，andpeace.Stepoffit,andyoure—entertheworldoftraffic，stress,work，andhurry. Normallyyou’rethetypewhocan'tsitstillformorethantenminutes,butyou’reonHuapleeLazyBeachnowand,intherightframeofmind，itstretchesallthewayaroundtheworld. "Howcouldittakemesolongtofindit?"youwonder。1。WhentheauthorfirstwenttoHuapleeBeach，. A.hefounditunworthwhile B。hefailedtosorthimselfout C。hebecamesensitivetosmell D.hehaddifficultyinfindingit2.WhatisspecialaboutthefoodserviceatHuapleeBeach？ A.Nomenu. B.Freefood。 C.Selfservice. D。Quickdelivery.3。Intheauthor’sopinion，atouristcanenjoyHuapleeBeachmostwhenhe. A.sitsinabeachchair B。forgetshisdailyroutine C.plansadetailedschedule D.drawspicturesinthesand4。Whatdoestheauthorimplybyhisquestionattheendofthepassage? A。Heshouldn’thavecountedhisblessings. B.Heshouldhaveunderstoodthewonderofnature. C。Heshouldn’thavespentsomuchtimeonthetrip. D.Heshouldhavecometotheplaceearlier。Passage2（2011·安徽D） Irelandhashadaverydifficulthistory.Theproblemsstartedinthe16thcenturywhenEnglishrulerstriedtoconquer（征服）Ireland.Forhundredsofyears,theIrishpeoplefoughtagainsttheEnglish。Finally,in1921，theBritishgovernmentwasforcedtogiveindependencetothesouthofIreland。Theresultisthattodaytherearetwo＂Irelands＂。NorthernIreland,inthenorth，ispartoftheUnitedKingdom.TheRepublicofIreland,inthesouth,isanindependentcountry。Inthe1840sthemaincrop，potatoes，wasaffectedbydiseaseandabout750，000peoplediedofhunger.This,andashortage(短缺）ofwork，forcedmanypeopletoleaveIrelandandliveintheUSA,theUK，AustraliaandCanada.Asaresultoftheseproblems，thepopulationfellfrom8.2millionin1841to6。6millionin1851.Formanyyears,themajorityofIrishpeopleearnedtheirlivingasfarmers。Today，manypeoplestillworkonthelandbutmoreandmorepeoplearemovingtothecitiestoworkinfactoriesandoffices。Lifeinthecitiesisverydifferentfromlifeinthecountryside，wherethingsmoveataquieterandslowerpace. TheIrisharefamousforbeingwarm-heartedandfriendly.OscarWilde，afamousIrishwriter,oncesaidthattheIrishwere＂thegreatesttalkerssincetheGreeks＂.Sinceindependence,Irelandhasrevived（复兴)itsowncultureofmusic,language,literatureandsinging。DifferentareashavedifferentstylesofoldIrishsongswhicharesungwithoutinstruments.OtherkindsofIrishmusicusemanydifferentinstrumentssuchastheviolin,whistles,etc.5。WhatdoestheauthortellusinParagraph1? A。HowtheIrishfoughtagainsttheEnglish。 B。HowIrelandgainedindependence。 C.HowEnglishrulerstriedtoconquerIreland。 D。Howtwo＂Irelands＂cameintobeing。6.WelearnfromthetextthatinIreland.

A。foodshortagesinthe1840sledtoadeclineinpopulation B。peoplearemovingtothecitiesforlackofworkinthecountryside C。itishardertomakealivingasafarmerthanasafactoryworker D.differentkindsofoldIrishsongsareallsungwithinstruments7。Thelastparagraphismainlyabout。

A.theIrishcharacter B。Irishculture C.Irishmusicalinstruments D.afamousIrishwriter8。Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext? A。LifeinIreland B。AVeryDifficultHistory C。Ireland,PastandPresent D。TheIndependenceofIrelandPassage1 【语篇解读】本文介绍了泰国一个静谧的海滩。在这里,你可以享受沙滩、阳光和宁静;在这里，你可以忘掉职场上的疲惫。1。D【解析】考查推理判断.根据文章中的”flownhalfwayaroundtheworld"”alongjourneyfromBangkokto Huaplee"及"ittookalmostaslongastheflightfromFalongland"可知，选D。2.A【解析】考查细节理解。第五段说到作者在这里就餐的情况:你说要吃什么，厨师就去市场买,没有现成 的菜单，一切都是新鲜的,按要求定做的，因此选A。3。B【解析】考查推理判断.第七段说,来到这个海滩,用脚趾在海滩上把自己的那些福祉列出来,你不必担心 上班迟到，你什么都不用干，这与B项描述是一致的，即:忘掉你的日常生活。4.D【解析】考查推理判断。通读文章内容可知，作者在文章结尾说"我怎么花了那么长时间才找到这里呢?" 不是表达"他不该数自己的福祉””他应该早点了解大自然的神奇”或者”他不该在路途上花太多时间"的 意思。而表达的意思是D,即”他应该早点来这里"。【长难句解读】Youconsiderthisquestionasyousinkintoanoldwoodenbeachchairthatholdsyouabovethesand.分析:本句中as引导时间状语从句,that引导定语从句。译文:当你在海滩上，颓然倒进一把陈旧的木制海滩椅子里时就会思考这个问题。Passage25.D【解析】段落大意题。本段的后半部分叙述的是最终结果,所以第一段作者意在阐述两个＂爱尔兰＂是 如何形成的。6.A【解析】细节理解题。第二段提到在19世纪40年代，由于土豆被疾病感染，大约75万人死于饥饿,由此 可知这一时期的食物短缺导致了人口下降。本段最后一句话也是线索提示。7.B【解析】段落大意题.通读本段内容尤其是根据本段中间部分的＂Sinceindependence,Irelandhas revived（复兴)itsowncultureof…＂可知本段主要阐述的是爱尔兰文化。其余选项都不具有概括性。8.C【解析】主旨大意题。文章回顾了爱尔兰艰辛的独立过程以及曾经的艰难岁月,接着概述了爱尔兰如今 的风貌，所以＂爱尔兰今昔＂作文章标题最合适。Passage1（2017届唐山市第一中学高三12月调研） TheParthenon(帕特农神庙)inAthensisabuildingwithalongandcomplexhistory.Builtnearly2，500yearsagoasatemplecelebratingtheGreekgoddessAthena,itwasforthousandsofyearsthechurchoftheVirginMaryoftheAthenians,thenamosque(清真寺),andfinallyaruin。Thebuildingwaschangedandthesculptures(雕塑）muchdamagedoverthecenturies.By1800onlyabouthalfofsculpturesremained. Between1801and1805，LordElgin，theBritishambassador（大使)totheOttomanEmpire(奥斯曼帝国），whichcontrolledAthens，actingwiththefullknowledgeandpermissionoftheOttomanauthorities,removedabouthalfoftheremainingsculpturesfromthefallenruinsandfromthebuildingitself.LordElginlovedGreekhistoryandtransportedthesculpturesbacktoBritain。ThearrivalofthesculpturesinLondonhadahugeeffectontheEuropeanpublic,greatlyincreasinginterestinancientGreekcultureandinfluencingcontemporary（同时代的）art。TheBritishMuseumgotthesesculpturesfromLordElginin1816andsincethenthesesculptureshaveallbeenonshowtothepublic，freeofcharge。 Sincetheearly1980s,however,theGreekgovernmenthasaskedforthereturntoAthensofalltheParthenonsculpturesintheBritishMuseum。TheyhavealsochallengedtheBritishMuseum'slegaltitle（合法所有权）tothesculptures. TheBritishMuseum，however,insiststhatitexiststotellthestoryofculturalachievementthroughouttheworld,fromthedawnofhumanhistoryovertwomillionyearsagountilthepresentday.Themuseumconsidersitselfanimportantresourcefortheworld:thewidthanddepthofitscollectionallowstheworldpublictore—examineculturalidentitiesandexplorethecomplexnetworkofworldcultures. Italsosaysthat，theParthenonsculpturesareanimportantrepresentationofancientAtheniancivilization(文明).EachyearmillionsofvisitorsadmirethesculpturesandunderstandonhowancientGreeceinfluenced-andwasinfluencedby—theothercivilizationsthatitmet。1。WhatcanwelearnaboutLordElginfromthepassage? A。HeisgreatlyadmiredinGreece. B.HeworkedfortheOttomanEmpire. C。HesavedtheParthenonsculpturesfrombeingdestroyed。 D。HehadadeepinterestinGreekculture。2。Theunderlined＂it＂(inParagraph4）refersto＂______＂. A.theBritishMuseum B.theGreekgovernment C.theParthenon D.BritishMuseum'slegaltitle3。Whatcanweinferfromthepassage？ A.ThesculpturesintroducedancientGreekculturetothewest. B.AncientGreekculturehasgreatlyinfluencedworldculture. C。TheBritishMuseumhasmademuchmoneyfromtheParthenonsculptures. D。OnlytheBritishMuseumhasthebesttechnologytokeepthesesculpturessafe.4.Theauthor’smainintentioninwritingthispassageistotell______. A.thevalueoftheParthenonanditssculptures B。whatpeoplecanseeintheBritishMuseum C.whytheBritishMuseumrefusestoreturnthesculptures D.theinfluenceofGreeceonBritishculturePassage2（2017届西安市第一中学高三上学期第二次月考) TheTajMahal（泰姬陵）isconsideredtobeoneofthemostbeautifulbuildingsintheworldandthefinestexampleofthelatestyleofIndianarchitecture（建筑)。ItisatAgrainnorthernIndia。ItliesbesidetheRiverJumnainthemiddleofgardenswithquietpools. TheTajMahalwasbuiltbytheMogulemperor（皇帝)ShahJehan,whoruledIndiaintheseventeenthcentury。Itisinmemoryofhisfavoritewife，ArjumandBanuBagam,knownasMumtazMahal，whodiedin1631。Thebuilding，whichwascompletedbetween1632and1638，wasdesignedbyalocalMuslimarchitect（建筑师),UstadAhmadLahori。Thewholebuilding，withgardensandgatewaystructures,wascompletedin1643。TheTajMahalstandsatoneendofthegardentombwithmarble(大理石)path。Theroomissoftlylightedbythelightthatpassesthroughdoublescreensofcarvedmarblesethighinthewalls.Thebuildingnowiskeptingoodcondition。 Ittook22yearstobuildtheTajMahal。ShahJehanplannedasimilarbuilding，butinblackinsteadofwhite，tolieontheothersideoftheriver.Butbeforeitcouldbebuilt.ShahJehanwasimprisoned(监禁）byhissonandburiednexttohiswifeintheTajMahal.5。TheTajMahalwasbuiltfor________. A。Mumtaz B。Shah C。eitherMumtazorShah D。bothMumtazandShah6.WhydoyouthinkShahJehanwasburiednexttohiswife? A。Hisowntombhadn’tbeenbuilt。 B.Hehopedtobeburiedthere。 C。KingandQueenshouldbeburiedtogether。 D.HelikedMumtazallhislife。7。Thepassagemainlytellsus________。 A.whytheTajMahalwasbuilt B。thelovestorybetweenShahandMumtaz C。someinformationabouttheTajMahal D.theTajMahal―theprideofIndians8.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat________. A.theTajMahallooksmorebeautifulthanbefore B.theTajMahaldoesn’texistnow C.theTajMahalhascompletelychanged D。theTajMahalhasbecomeaplaceofinterestPassage1 【语篇解读】文章介绍帕特农神庙从开始时的辉煌到成为废墟，其中一些雕像被运到英国陈列在大英博物馆向公众展示.希腊政府要求英国归还这些雕像,却遭到大英博物馆的拒绝.1。D【解析】细节理解题.根据文章第二段的句子＂LordElginlovedGreekhistoryandtransportedthesculptures backtoBritain。＂可知,LordElgin对希腊文化有浓厚的兴趣。故选D。2.A【解析】3.B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的句子＂Eachyearmillionsofvisitorsadmirethesculpturesand understandonhowancientGreeceinfluenced-andwasinfluencedby—theothercivilizationsthatitmet.＂ 可知，希腊文化已经大大影响了世界文化。故选B。4.C【解析】写作意图题.根据文章第四段的句子＂TheBritishMuseum，however,insiststhatitexiststotellthe storyofculturalachievementthroughouttheworld，fromthedawnofhumanhistoryovertwomillionyears agountilthepresentday.＂可知，作者的写作目的是告诉我们为什么大英博物馆拒绝归还雕像。故选C。Passage2 【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了泰姬陵的一些信息。5.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段"Itisinmemoryofhisfavoritewife”可知应选A。6.A【解析】细节理解题.根据该文最后一段最后一句可知ShahJehan的坟墓还没有被建好就被儿子监禁了, 只好埋在他妻子的旁边,故选A。7.C【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要讲述有关泰姬陵的一些信息，故答案为C.8。D【解析】推理判断题。其他三项的信息文中并没有提到或涉及,用排除法可选D。Passage1 Plimoth，Massachusetts,aboutforty-fivemilesoutofBoston,isapopulartouristattraction.Plymouthwasthesiteofthesecondcolony(殖民地)inAmerica。OnNovember11，1620,asmallshipofEnglishsettlerslandedthereandstartedacolony，lookingforabetterlife。 OneofthemostpopularattractionsinPlymouthisPlimothPlantation。PlimothPlantationwasthedreamofHenryHornblowerII.Whenhewasaboy，HornblowerreadandheardstoriesaboutthepilgrimswholivedinPlymouth。Whenhewasolder,heworkedwitharchaeologists(考古学家)inPlymouthformanyyears.Theyfoundmorethan350,000artifacts(人工制品)formthetimeofthecolonists。Atthesametime，historiansstudiedpilgrims’fathergave$2,000tothePilgrimSociety,allowingittorebuildPlimothPlantation。TheSocietymadereproductionsoftheclothes,tools，furniture，andhousesofthe1620s。 Today,PlimothPlantationisalivingmuseumofmorethantwentyhomes，shops,andgradens。Visitorscanwalkthroughthecolonialtownwhereeachhouseonthemainstreetlooksexactlylikeahouseofthe1620s.Thosewhoworkinthemuseumarethe＂colonists＂andtheydress,talk，andcarryouttheactivitiesofcolonialAmerica.TheywearthesamekindsofclothesthatthePlymouthcolonistsusedtowear.Thewomencookinopenfireplacesandfollowcolonialrecipes.Themanraisethesamevegetablesandcareforthesamekindsofanimalsthatwerepresentincolonialtimes。Everyoneusesthesamekindsfortoolsthatthepilgrimsusedalmostfourhundredyearsago。Whenvisitorstalktothe＂colonists＂,theyanswerwiththesameEnglishandthesameaccentthatthecolonistshad。 Overtheyears,PlimothPlantationhaschangedalot.Today，itisalsopossibletovisitareplica(复制品)ofMayflower-mayflowerII，theshipthepilgrimssailedfromEnglandtoPlymouth。ThereisalsoareproductionofaWampanoaghomesite,whichintroducesvisitorstothelifeoftheIndiantribe(部落)whohelpedthecolonistslivethroughtheirfirstyearsintheirnewcountry.1.Accordingtothetext，HenryHornblowerII______. A。livedinthelate1620s B。showedgreatinterestinhistory C.gotalotofmoneyfromthecolonists D。hadproblemsfittingintothePilgrimSociety2。InPlimothPlantation,the＂colonists＂_______. A.aregotgoodatraisinganimals B。arenotallowedtotalkwithvisitors C.livethesamelifeasthePlymouthcolonistsdid D.speakthesameEnglishasAmericansdo3.AsavisitorinPlimothPlantation,youmay______。 A。spendafewdayswiththeIndiantribe B。seewhatMayflowerIIislike C。findmanyshops，zoosandgardens D.learntocookintheoldhousesPassage2 DoyouknowAustralia？Australiaisthelargestislandintheworld.ItisalittlesmallerthanChina.Itisinthesouthoftheearth。Australiaisbig,butitspopulationisnotlarge.ThepopulationofAustraliaisnearlyaslargeasthatofShanghai. Thegovernmenthasmadeenoughlawstofightpollution(污染）.ThecitiesinAustraliahavegotlittleairorwaterpollution。Theskyisblueandthewaterisclean.Youcanclearlyseefishswimmingintherivers.Plantsgrowverywell。 LastmonthwevisitedPerth？ThebiggestcityinWesternAustralia，andwenttoawildflowers'exhibition.Therewesawalargenumberofwildflowerswehadneverseenbefore.Wehadawonderfultime.Perthisfamousforitsbeautifulwildflowers。InspringeveryyearPerthhasthewildflowers'exhibition。AftervisitingPerth，wespentthedayinthecountry—side.Wesatdownandhadarestnearapathatthefootofahill.Itwasquietandweenjoyedourselves.Suddenlyweheardbellsringingatthetopofthehill.Whatwesawmadeuspickupallourthingsandrunbacktothecarasquicklyaswecould.Therewereaboutthreehundredsheepcomingtowardsusdownthepath。 Australiaisfamousforitssheepandkangaroos(袋鼠).Afterashortdrivefromanytown,youwillfindyourselfinthemiddleofwhitesheep.Sheep,sheep，everywherearesheep.4.Australiais________。 A.thelargestcountryintheworld B。aslargeasShanghai C.notaslargeasChina D。thelargestislandinthenorthoftheearth5。Thegovernmentfightspollutionby__________。 A。makingmanylaws B。usinglittleair C.cleaningseawater D.growingspecialplants6。Perthisacity

. A。famousforhavingwildflowersinwinter B。biggerthananyothercityinAustralia C.standingonthetopofahill D.lyinginthewestofAustralia7。Whichofthefollowingcanwe