unit1限制性定语从句知识点及练习题高中英语北师大版

高一英语教学案定语从句句子是一棵大树，主语、谓语、宾语（表语）是主干，定语、状语、补语是修饰语。1.定语：对名词或代词起修饰限定作用的词或短语翻译：……的，例如：她是一个漂亮的女孩。aredapple一个红的苹果形容词做定语abeautifulgirl一个美丽的女孩myfriend形容词性物主代词做定语hispenagirlinred一个穿红色衣服的女孩介词短语作定语(根据定语的位置分为前置定语和后置定语)2.定语从句：起修饰限定作用的句子。在句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词，或修饰整个主句的从句，叫做定语从句3.定语从句的构成：主句（先行词）+关系词+从句先行词：被修饰限定的那个人/物关系词1.关系代词：who，whom，whose，which，that2.关系副词：when,where,why关系词的作用1.连接主语和从句2.指代先行词3.在从句中充当成分4.怎么写定语从句？例句Heisanoldman.Hesendsgiftstochildren.Heisanoldmanwhosendsgiftstochildren.关系代词：指人指物主语宾语定语表语that√√√√√which√√√who√√√√whom√√whose√√√如何选择关系代词？口诀：先看先行词，辨清人或物，后看从句里，有无主宾语。例句：1.先行词指人，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略（1）Idon'tlikethemandoesn'tkeephisword.遵守诺言（2）I'dreallyliketofindafriendIcantrust.（3）Roseisthepersonyoushouldcareabout.练习：1.Doyouknowtheman_________istalkingwithyourmother?2.Ilikethosebooks_________topicsareabouthistory.3.Thisisthegirl_____________wetalkedaboutjustnow.2..先行词指事物，在定语从句中充当主语宾语，作宾语时可以省略。(1)Thelittlegirlishavinganappleisbigandred.(2)Theyoungmanwasveryhappytogetbackthegoldringhehadlostonthetrain.（3）Thesuitcaseliesonthegroundishers.3.whose可以指人也可指物，在定语从句中充当定语,可翻译成…….（1）Iknowthepersonhousewasdestroyedintheearthquake.（2）Helivesinaroomwindowfacesnorth.注意：1.关系代词在从句中做主语时，不能省略；作宾语时可以省略。2.在“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词指物用which，指人用whom.例：HehandedmeapenwithwhichIwrotedownhisphonenumber.特殊用法只能用that，不能用which的情况当先行词为all，everything，nothing，anything，much等不定代词。Allcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做了。先行词被序数词修饰时。ThefirstplacetheyvisitedinLondonwasBigBen.（大本钟）先行词被all,every,no,theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时。I'vereadallthebooksarenotmine.我已经读了所有那些不属于我的书。当先行词既指人又指物时。Weoftentalkaboutthepersonsandthingsweremember.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时SheisthemostbeautifulgirlIhaveseen.如何选择关系副词？

关系副词指代修饰作成分When表示时间的名词时间时间状语Where表示地点的名词地点地点状语Why表示原因的名词原因原因状语当关系词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词Wehaveenteredintoanagewhendreamshavethebestchanceofingtrue.Wehaveenteredintoanage.Dreamshavethebestchanceofingtrueinthisage.(when所指代的状语)Thereasonwhyhefailedintheexamwasthathewastoocareless.主句：Thereasonwasthathewastoocareless.定语从句：Hefailedintheexambecausethisreason.（why所指代的原因状语）Thisisthehotelwherewestayedlastmonth.Thisisahotel.Westayedatahotellastmonth.主+谓语+地点状语+时间状语注意：1.表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可以用关系代词和关系副词引导。2.若先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词。3.若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用关系代词。练习：（1）Idon'tbelievethereasonhegavemeforhisbeinglate.（2）Thesearethereasonswedoit.1.WearelearningEnglish_______isusedinmanyfieldsintheworld.2.Thismagazinebelongstotheteacher________teachesuschemistry.3.Anyone_______estoChinawillsurelyvisittheGreatWall.4.Thehouse_______standsonthetopofthehillwasbuiltafewyearsago.5.Themedicine________ heboughtisgoodforyourhealth.6.Doyoustillrememberthefarm________weworkedtogetherfiveyearsago?7.Thestudent______theteachersaretalkingabouthaswonfirstprizeintheEnglishcontest.8.Thenewspaper_______youarereadingisoutofdate.9.Doyourememberthetime______wegotlostinthepark?10.I’llneverforgetthetime________wespenttogetherinthearmycamp.11.Theyarebuildingahospitalnearthestreet_____weusedtolive.12.Thepresent_______hegaveheryesterdayeveningisstillunopened.13.Happinessisoneofthethings _______moneycannotbuy.14.I'llneverforgettheday_____IjoinedtheLeagueinmymiddleschool.15.Theman_____wifediedlastyearhasgonetoJapan.16.Tellmethereason_____theAmericanladyleftinahurry.17.Doyouknowtheboy _____waspraisedatthemeeting?18.Ellenisthegirl______willsucceedinthespeakingcontest.19.Themanagerwalkedtowardthegate_______theworkerswerewaiting.20.Herparentswouldn’tlethermarryanyone_______familywaspoor.21.Aperson______emailaccountisfullwon'tbeabletosendorreceiveanyemails.23.Thereason_______hedidn’tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.24.Despiteitsstigma(污名),cryingcanbeanact________re