全国职称英语等级考试试题(理工类)爱问知识人

全国职称英语等级考试试题（理工类）第一部分阅读理解(75分)Passage1CATVisashortwayofsaying"communityantenna(天线)television."But"cabletelevision"isthetermmostpeopleuse.CabletelevisionallowsviewerstoreceiveTVprogramsthattheycannotpickupwiththeirregularantennas.Televisionsignalsdonotfollowthecurve(曲线)oftheearth.Tinstraightlinesinalldirections.SignalsfromaTVstationmovetowardthehorizon(水平线)ospace.Iesfromastation,youmaynotgetanypictureatall.CATVbeganin1948.PeopleinplacesfarfromTVstationssharedthecostofputtinguphighantennas.Acommunityantennawasusuallyplacedonahill,amountain,oronahightower.TheantennapickedupTVoasmalllocalstation.Fromthestation,thickwirescalledcablesranouttonearbyhomes.Eachpersonusingthecablepaidamonthlycharge.CATVworkedwell,andsoonnewuseswerefoundforit.Loemptychannelsthatwerenotinuse.Peoplealongthecablecouldhavelocalnews,weatherreports,andfarmandschoolnewsatnoextracharge.Today,ocities.Igramsthatcityviewerswithregularantennascannotsee.Itisalsousedinmanyclassroomsthroughoutthecountry.1.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthat________.○A.mostpeopleusecabletelevision○B."communityantenna"for"regularantenna"○C.munityantennaisusedforcabletelevision○D.regularantennascannotpickupTVgrams2.Ofthefollowing,whichisNOTthewayTV?○A.Inacurve.○B.Inastraightline.○C.Inalldirection.○D.Towardthehorizon.3.CableTVisbecomingmoreandpopularbecause_____________.○A.itisfreeofcharge○B.grams○C.videsallTVusersgoodpictures○D.TVsetswithregularantennascanalsohaveagoodreceptionthrough11.Themaintopicofthispassageis__________.○A.theshortageoffossilfuel○B.blemsthatenergyresearchersface○C.blem○D.aninexpensiveenergysource12.Onepopularsolarheatingsystemmakesuseof__________.○A.roofcollectorsandundergroundstorage○B.fossilfuelconversion○C.undergroundoiltanks○D.watercollectionandevaporation13.Thecostofusingthesun'sraysforheatingis___________.○A.aboutthesameasthecostoffossilfuels○B.severalhundreddollarsperyear○C.paredwithotherenergysources○D.determinedbytheseverityofthewinter14.Whichofthefollowingdescribesanadvantageofusingsolarenergy?○A.Thereislittleornoenvironmentalpollution.○B.Alargepercentageoffuelcostscanbesaved.○C.Fossilfuelswillbecomemoreplentiful.○D.Theoil-consumingnationswillnothavetoimportoil.15.Accordingtosomeexperts,thesupplyoffossilfuelwillnotlast_______.○A.onemorecentury○B.anindeterminabletime○C.untiltheendofthiscentury○D.indefinitely第二部分完成句子(25分)根据短文内容完成句子，每个空格只能填一个单词。有的单词第一个字母已经给出，请将其余字母补全。Notlongago,anairplanewasflyingoverNewZealand.Therewasatelevisioncameracrewonboard.Suddenly,outinthenightsky,abrightsphere(球体)oview.Everyoneonboardsawitandeveryonethough,"UFO"-UnidentifiedFlyingObject.Toactionandstartedfilming.Thatweekpeopleallovertheworldsawthefilmofthismysteriouslightontheirtelevisionscreens.Whatwasit?Wasitaspaceshipfullofvisitorsfromanotherplanet?Tplaneandthefilmcrewbelieveditwas.Otherobservershadmanydifferentexplanations.SomesaiditwasVenus(金星).Otherssaiditwasjustatrickoflight.Anairtrafficcontrolleralsosawitonhisradarscreen.Hethoughtthataflockofbirdswascausingdotsonhisradarscreenwhenthe"UFO"appeared.MostastronomersnowbelievethatwhatthesepeoplesawwasalmostcertainlytheplanetVenus.Atthattimeofyearitisverybrightandeasytosee.Aplaneitcanappeartobemovingfast.SofthatUFOsorspaceshipsfromotherplanetsdoexist.TheseyearsinvestigatorsofUFOshaveinvestigatedthousandsofsighting-oroccasionswhenpeoplesaidtheysawaUFO.Ninetypercentoftheseturnedouttohaveasimpleexplanation.However,it'sgoodideatokeepanopenmind.SernmentstohelpthemstudyUFOs.Aer-nationallyonreportingandinvestigatingsightingsofUFOs.Afterall,itisquitepossiblethatthereislifeoutthereintheuniverse.Andifsomethingisalive,etovisitus.16.ThecaptainandthecameracrewbelievedthatUFOwasavspaceshipfromanotherplanet.17.ManyobelievedthattheUFOwasVenus.18.SofthatUFOsarespfromouterspace.19.SomescientistsintheworldareplanningtodosomeronUFOs.20.Plifeintheuniversemaytrytomakeavisittous.第三部分阅读理解(80分)Passage1Inrecentyears,scientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentshavedrasticallychangedhumanlifeonourplanet,aswellasourviewsbothofourselvesasindividualsinsocietyandoftheuniverseasawhole.MfounddevelopmentsofthelastdecadeisthediscoveryofrecombinantDNAtechnology,roducegenetic(遗传学的)material(orgenes)oanother.Initssimplestform,thetechnologyrequirestheisolationofapieceofDNA,eitherdirectlyfromtheDNAanismunderstudy,orartificiallysynthesizedfromanDNA.ThispieceofDNAisthenligated(结扎)toafragmentofbacterialDNAwhichhasthecapacitytoreplicate(复制)itselfindependently.Testinal(内部的)bacteriumEscherishchiacoli,whichcanbegrowninverylargeamountsinsyntheticmedia.Uperconditions,theforeigngenewillnotonlyreplicateinthebacteria,butalsoexpressitself,cessoftranscriptionandtranslation,teincodedbytheforeigngene.Tductionofseveraltherapeutically(疗法的)importantbiomolecules,suchas,growthhormones,interferon,insulin.Manyotherimportantapplicationsareunderdetailedinvestigationinlaboratoriesthroughouttheworld.21.RecombinantDNAtechnologyconsistsprimarilyof____________.○A.producingseveraltherapeuticallyimportantbiomolecules○B.tein○C.oanother○D.usingaviralenzymecalledreversetranscriptase22.RecombinantDNAductionofallofthefollowingbiomoleculesexcept___________.○A.growthhormones○B.Escherishchiacoli○C.interferon○D.insulin23.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?○A.Theforeigngenewillreplicateinthebacteria,butitwillnotexpressitselfthroughtranscriptionandtranslation.○B.ThebacteriumEscherishchiacolicanbegrowninlargeamountsinsyntheticmedia.○C.Researchcontinuesinanefforttofindotherusesforthistechnology.○D.RecombinantDNAtechnologyisarecentdevelopment.24.ExpressionofageneinEscherishchiacolirequires________.○A.theviralenzymereversetranscriptase○B.cessesoftranscriptionandtranslation○C.productionofinsulinandotherbiomolecules○D.thatthebacteriabegrowninasyntheticmedia25.Thetermrecombinantisusedbecause___________.○A.byligation,duced,whichhasthecapacityofreplication○B.binationofseveraltypesoftechnology○C.byligation,duced,anism○D.EanismPassage2Watchababybetweensixandninemonthsold,andyouwillobservethebasicconceptsofgeometrybeinglearned.Oncethebabyhasmasteredtheideathatspaceisthree-dimensional,itreachesoutandbeginsgraspingvariouskindsofobjects.Itisthen,fromperhapsninetofifteenmonths,thattheconceptsofsetsandnumbersareformed.Sofar,sogood.Butnowominous(不祥的)developmenttakesplace.Thenervefibersinthebraininsulate(使隔离)themselvesinsuchawaythatthebabybeginstohearsoundsveryprecisely.Soonitpicksuplanguage,municationwithadults.Fromthispointon,itisusuallydownhillallthewayformathematics,owhichithasbeensounfortunateastohavebeenborn.Naturehavingdoneverywellbythechildnowbecomesexposedtoallthenonsensewordsandbeliefsoftothispoint,havingpermittedittheluxuryofthinkingforitselfforeighteenmonths,nowabandonsittothearbitraryconventionsandbeliefsofsociety.Butatleastthechildknowssomethingofgeometryandnumbers,anditwillalwaysretainsomememoryoftheearlyhalcyon(平静的)daysnomatterwhatvicissitudes(变化)itmaysufferlateron.Themainreservoirofmathematicaltalentinanysocietyisthuspossessedbychildrenwhoareabouttwoyearsold.Childrenwhohavejustlearnedtospeakfluently.26.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?○A.Theimpactoflanguageonmathematics.○B.Children'sabilitytolearnlanguages.○C.Howbasicconceptsofphysicsarelearned.○D.Math-learningstrategiesforbabies.27.Accordingtothepassage,whichoffollowingactivitieswouldteachababygeometry?○A.Pickingupawoodenblock.○B.Recognizingthenumber2.○C.Utteringanonsenseword.○D.Lookingatdistantobjects.28.Accordingtotheauthor,bablybegintolearnaboutsetsandnumbers?○A.Sixmonths.○B.Ninemonths.○C.Fifteenmonths.○D.Eighteenmonths.29.Theuseoftheword"ominous"showsthattheauthorbelievethechild's_____.○A.linguisticfutureisthreatened○B.nerveswilldeteriorate○C.hearingwillsuffer○D.mathematicalabilityalldecline30.Thepassagesupportwhichofthefollowingconclusions?○A.Terferewithmathematicalreasoning.○B.Itishopelesstotrytoteachchildrenmathematicsaftertheageoftwo.○C.Languageteachingshouldincorporatesomemathematicalformulas.○D.Pcationshouldstresssociety'sbeliefsandconventions第四部分概括大意(20分)给下面一篇文章的每一段概括大意。每一段的主题用一个或几个单词表示，空出的词已给出了第一个字母，请把其余字母补全。31.TheSolarEThesunisthesourceofmostoftheheatknowntous.Asadirectsourceofheat,thesunmaintainslifeuponthisplanet,150000000kilometersdistant.Itisalsoanindirectsourceofheat.Sincetheearthisderivedfromthesun,itisthelatterthatwemusttracesomeoftheearth'ernalheatthatrevealsitselfthroughvolcanoes,geysers(喷泉),andhotsprings.32.InsectsandSurfaceTAninsectisnotafraidofgravity,butitisindeadlyfearofanotherforceofnature.Thisforceiscalledsurfacetension(张力).Aingoutofabathcarrieswithhimafilmofwateraboutonefiftiethofaninchinthickness.Thisweightsaboutapound.Awetmousehastocarryitsownweightinwater.Awetflyhastoliftmanytimesitsownweight,and,aseveryoneknows,aflyoncewettedbywateroranyotherliquidisinaveryseriouspositionindeed.Aninsectgoingforadrinkisinasgreatdangerasamanleaningovertheedgeofacliffinsearchoffood.Iothegripofthesurfacetensionofthewater-thatistosay,getswetitislikelytoremainsountilitdrowns.Afewinsectscontrivetobeunwettable;boscis(喙).33.TofBoilingPointofLiquidsWhenthetemperatureofaliquidisraisedenough,theliquidboils.Thismeansthatbubblesofvapor,lionsofmoleculesformbelowthesurface.Iduced,thepressureofthevaporinsidethemmustbeequaltothepressureoftheairuponthesurfaceoftheliquid.Iftheairpressureisgreater,thebubblewillcollapse.Theboilingpointofaliquid,then,isthetemperatureatwhichthevaporpressureoftheliquidisequaltotheatmosphericpressureupontheliquidatthesurface.34.EandContractionSolidsalsoexpandwithincreaseintemperatureandcontractwhencooled.Buttheydonotbehavequitesouniformly(相同地)inthisrespectasliquidsandgasesdo,particularlyinthecaseofwidevariations,intemperature.Mostsolidsexpendorcontractbyadefiniteamountforeverydegreeofthetemperaturethatrisesorfalls.Theamountbywhichonsubstanceexpandsandcontractsforonedegreeisnotusuallythesameasthatforadifferentsubstance.Thus,foragivenriseintemperature,apieceofbrassexpandsatlittlemorethanapieceofcopperandmuchmorethanapieceofsteelofthesamesize.35.AofElectricTrainsElectrictrainshavemanyadvantagesoverthosedrawnbysteamengines.Thereisnosmoketosoilthepassengers'clothesandthecushionsinthetrain.Becausetheycarrynoheavyloadsofcoalandwater,thesetrainscanstartandstopwithlesswasteofpower.Inastationtheyaresilent:there'ducenoisetodeafenthepassengers.第五部分阅读理解(120分)Passage1Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirror…theglassintheroofagreenhousewhichallowsthesun'sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.Accordingtoaweatherexpert'sprediction,theatmospherewillbe7oCwarmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarminguptookplace,theicecapesinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetresandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanalterationoftheearth'schieffood-growingzones.Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthickericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming:inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.ThisfitsthetheorythatcarbonDioxidewarmstheearth.However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis.Whichnaturalcausehasthemosteffectontheweather?Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand"cold"spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror"colder"facestotheearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableaffectonthedistributionoftheearth'satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsovariableoveralongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.Seractionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.TblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadefaultofthousandsofyeaswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertia(惯性)oftheearth'sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesunsdiminishingheat.36.Itcanconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould____________.○A.preventthesun'sraysfromreachingtheearth'ssurface○B.meanawarmingupintheArctic○C.accountforgreatchangesintheclimateinthenorthernhemisphere○D.raisethetemperatureoftheearth'ssurface37.Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain_________.○A.thegreenhouseeffect○B.thesolareffectsontheearth○C.themodelsofsolar-weatherintraction's○D.thecausesaffectingweather38.Althoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthernhemisphere,temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.Thisis________.○A.mainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxidearerising○B.possiblybecausetheicecapsinthepolesaremelting○C.exclusivelyduetotheeffectoftheinertiaoftheearth'sclimate○D.partlyduetovariationsintheoutputofsolarenergy39.Onthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsareoftheopinionthat__________.○A.theclimateoftheworldshouldbebecomingcooler○B.itwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertiaoftheearth'sclimatetotakeeffect○C.theman-madewarmingeffecthelpstoincreasethesolareffects○D.thenewIceAgewillbedelayedbythegreenhouseeffect40.IftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeiscorrect,__________.○A.thebestwaytoovercomethecoolingeffectwouldbetoburnmorefuels○B.icewouldsooncoverthenorthernhemisphere○C.theincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmospherecouldwarmuptheearthevenmorequickly○D.thegreenhouseeffectcouldworktotheadvantageoftheearthPassage2Forme,omathematicalsciences,naturalsciencesorsciencesdealingwiththenaturalworld(physicalandbiologicalsciences),andsciencesdealingwithmankind(psychology,sociology,allthesciencesofculturalachievements,everykindofhistoricalknowledge).Apartfromthesesciencesisphilosophy,aboutwhichwewilltalklater.Inthefirstplace,allthisispureortheoreticalknowledge,soughtonlyforthepurposeofunderstanding,rinsic(内在的)andconsubstantial(同体的)toman.Whatdistinguishesmanfromanimalisthatheknowsandneedstoknow.Ifmandidnotknowthattheworldexisted,andthattheworldwasofacertainkind,thathewasintheworldandthathehimselfwasofacertainkind,hewouldn'tbeman.Thetechnicalaspectsorapplicationsofknowledgeareequallynecessaryformanandareofthegreatimportance,becausetheyalsocontributetodefininghimasmanandpermithimtopursuealifeincreasinglymoretrulyhuman.Bgress,hemustdefendtheprimacy(第一位)andautonomyofpureknowledge.Knowledgesoughtdirectlyforitspracticalapplicationswillhaveimmediateandforeseeablesuccess,butnotthekindofimportantresultwhoserevolutionaryscopeisinlargepartunforeseen,exceptbytheimaginationoftheUtopians(空想家).Letmerecallawell-knownexample.IftheGreekmathematicianshadnotappliedthemselvestotheinvestigationofconic(圆椎形的)sections,zealouslyandwithouttheleastsuspicionthatitmightsomedaybeuseful,itwouldnothavebeenpossiblecenturieslatertonavigatefarfromshore.Thefirstmentostudythenatureofelectricitycouldnotimaginethattheirexperiments,ellectualcuriosity,wouldeventuallyleadtomodernelectricaltechnology,withoutwhichwecanscarcelyconceiveof