高三一轮复习专题3：三大从句复习课件

三大从句一轮复习语法专练一、从句概述从句只能做主句的某一部分,依附于主句而存在,不能独立。从句也具有句子的特征，即有自己的主谓结构；而且带有引导词。根据从句在句中的作用，可分为名词性从句、形容词性（定语）从句和副词性（状语）从句三类。二、从句三要素例句：HeistheboythatIamlookingfor.请大家概括一下从句的三要素：1、完整的主谓关系2、恰当的连接词3、陈述语序（一）、名词性从句名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。其关联词有连词that,if,whether；连接代词what,who,which和连接副词when,where,why,how等。从句连接词主语从句宾语从句介词后宾语从句表语从句同位语从句thatwhether

ifWh-词（含how)带后缀－ever的词(二)连接词的分类及用法连词：that、whether、if◆用法：只连从句，不做成分，that作宾语时经常省略。◆例句：他明天要来这件事是真的。我不知道会议明天能否准时召开。

◆为保持句子平衡，that引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语而把真正的主语从句后置。主要有以下几种情况。例句：

1、难怪他不饿呢，他吃糖吃了一整天了。Itisnowonderthatheisnothungry;hehasbeeneatingsweetsallday.2、据报道，中国又发射了一颗人造卫星。ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madesatellite.3、明天他来不来这里没关系。Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherhewillcomehereornottomorrow.4、我突然想到昨天我忘记锁门了。ItsuddenlyoccurredtomethatIhadforgottentolockthedooryesterday.

◆Whether和if的用法区别A：主语从句B：表语从句C：同位语从句D：介词的宾语从句E：ornot或直接跟不定式（todo)

2．连接代词：who,whom,whose,what,which。◆用法：既连接从句，又在从句中做成分。（主、宾、表、定）◆例句：他现在最需要的是你的陪伴。Whatheneedsmostisyourcompany.我不知道明年我会考上那所大学，但我保证我一定不会放弃的。Idon’tknowwhichcollegeIwillgotonextyear,butIguaranteethatIwillnevergiveup.◆what和which的区别。

3．连接副词：where,when,why,how◆用法：既连接从句，又在从句中做状语。◆例句：我不知道我们会在哪儿开会。Idon’tknowwherewearegoingtohavethemeeting.我急于想知道的是我们什么时候去参观博物馆。WhatI’manxioustoknowiswhenwecanvisitthemuseum.

(二）定语从句复习1.定语从句类型限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句2.定语从句关系词关系代词6个关系副词3个关系代词thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas关系副词whenwherewhy怎样判断一个从句是不是定语从句概念：定语从句又叫形容词性从句，即一个句子修饰一个名词的结构Theboywhogotinjuredintheaccidentwassenttohospitalimmediately判断以下句子是不是定语从句并选择Iadviseyoutocancel___isunnecessary.Herememberedtheweekends____heclimbedmountains.Wetookapicture_____thereisatower.A.WhatB.whenC.thatD.whereE.which考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词?1.I’llneverforgetthedays________________weworkedtogether.

2.I’llneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogether.

3.Iwenttotheplace

Iworkedtenyearsago.

4.Iwenttotheplace__________Ivisitedtenyearsago.

5.Thisisthereason___________________hewaslate.

6.Thisisthereason_______________hegave.

when/inwhichWhich/that/省略where/inwhichwhy/forwhichthat/whichVt.Vt.Vt.Which/that/省略

①当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时a.

All

thatcanbedone

hasbeendone.b.Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.考点二：只用that不用which②

先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修饰时：

I’veread

all

thebooks(that)yougaveme.③先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。1.Thisis

thebest

book

(that)

I’veeverread.2.Thisis

thefirst

composition

(that)hehaswritteninEnglish.④先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时。Thatwhitefloweris

theonlyone(that)Ireallylike.Thisis

theverybook(that)Iwanttofind.⑤

当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who(whom)和which引导。如：Hetalkedaboutthe

teachersandschools

（that）hehadvisited.用which不用that1.非限定性地语从句2.在介词加关系代词中1)Doyouhaveanything______youdon’tunderstand?2)Theonlything_____wecandoistogiveyousomeadvice.3)Whoistheman_____isstandingthere?4)Sheheardaterriblenoise，______broughtherheartintohermouth.thatthatthatwhich练一练：that与which填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.Theway_________________heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.2.Theway_________________heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.that/which/不填that/inwhich/不填缺宾语考点三：theway用做先行词缺少主语或宾语:引导词用that/which/不填(缺宾语时)主语宾语都不缺:引导词用that/inwhich/不填3.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_____hesaidit.（湖北）

A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich高考题链接：试一试介词加关系代词1.Doyouknowtheboy________yourmotheristalking?2.Istillremembertheday_______IfirstgottoParis.3.Hegavemesomenovels___________Iamnotveryfamiliar.towhomwithwhichonwhich考点四：介词+关系词定语从句句首为介词时,后可接的关系词为:介词+whom/which/whosee.g.Irecognizedthebossin

companymysisterwasworking.

总结whose介词的选用原则根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。如：①Thisisthecamera________Ispent6

yuan.②Thisisthecamera_________Ipaid6yuan.

spendmoneyonsth.为固定搭配paymoneyforsth.为固定搭配onwhichforwhich2)根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。如：①Iremembertheday_______Icametomytowerofivory.②Irememberthedays__________IvisitedParis.

强调在具体某一天要用介词on强调在某几天时间内要用介词duringonwhichduringwhich3)根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。

Isthatthenewspaper_________youoftenwritearticles?forwhich3.______isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.As难点一：as的用法as\that\which1.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanlift.2.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanliftit.asthat归纳：as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such,thesame,so,as修饰，即构成such…as,thesame…as,so…as,结构，as在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。注意as与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容，Theearthisround,_________isknowntoall._____isknowntoall,theearthisround.which/as

As1.I’vecometothepointwhereIcan’tstandhim.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。难点二：一些特殊词之后的where解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。1.Wearetryingtoreachapoint____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.（山东）

A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when2.---Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?---Yes,there’sonepoint____wemustinsiston.（江西）

A.whyB.whereC.howD./比较一下：不缺成分用where缺宾语用that/which/不填1.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_____hegrewupasachild.(NMET)A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when

2.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome______Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.(NMET)A.until B.thatC.when D.where3.①____isreported,thestormwilllastforalongtime.

②______isreportedisthatthestormwilllastforalongtime.

③______isreportedthatthestormwilllastforalongtime.A.ThatB.WhatC.ItD.AsDBC4.Thecar____ownerisamusicianisingoodcondition.(湖北)A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which5.Idon’tliketheway_____touristsweretreatedinSanya.onwhichB.inwhichC.inthatD.where例析：定语从句易错点易错点一：关系代词和关系副词的混用

e.g.1.I’llneverforgetthedays

when

IspentinNewYorkwithyou.2.I’llneverforgetthedays

which

IvisitedNewYorkwithyou.

易错点二：固定句式出错

e.g.1.Maryissolovelyagirl

aseverybodylovesher.2.Maryissolovelyagirl

that

everybodyloves.

易错点三：主语和谓语不一致的现象

e.g.1.Tomisoneofthestudents

who

likes

swimming.2.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudents

who

like

swimming.

易错点四：与强调句及其他句型的混合e.g.1.Wasitintheshopthatyouboughttherecorderthatyoulostyourpen?易错点五：对先行词概念不明确e.g.1.Isthislibrarythatyouvisitedyesterday?2.Isthisthelibrarywhereyouvisitedyesterday?

易错点六：特殊名词作先行词时关系词的选取错误e.g.1.Idon’tliketheway

whichyouspeaktoher.

易错点七：忽略that和which引导限定性定语从句的区别e.g.1.ThisisthemostexcitingfootballgamewhichIhaveeverseen.（怎么改）易错点八:介词前置出错e.g.1.Tellhimallthethingson

whichheshouldpayattention.(怎么改）

易错点九：which和whose意义不明确e.g.1.Thebookwhich

coverisbrokenisofgreathelptoallofus.where\that1.Thisisthelibrary_____Iborrowedthebook.2.Itisfromthislibrary____Iborrowedthebook.where定语从句that强调句型综合考查一：定语从句与强调句3.---WheredidyoulastseeMr.Smith?---Itwasinthehotel____Ilived.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when难点三.综合考查

近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句1.Weallhaveheardthenews_____ourteamwon.2.Wedon’tbelieveinthenews_________hetoldusyesterday.thatthat/which/—that/which1.Weshouldgototheplace_____wearemostneeded.2.Weshouldgototheplace_____needsusmost.A.itB.whereC.thatD.whatBC对比训练

1.ItwasOctober_____wemetinDamiaoforthefirsttime.2.ItwasinOctober_____wemetinDamiaoforthefirsttime.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.whileCA对比训练

1.Heissuchagoodteacher_____wealllikehim.2.Heissuchagoodteacher_____wealllike.A.whomB.thatC.asD.whichBC对比训练（三、）状语从句1.WhileIwaswonderingatthis,ourschoolmastertookhisplace.()2.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.()3.Nowthat/Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.（）4.I’llspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.()时间地点原因目的判断下列状语从句的种类5.Socleverwasheastudentthathewasabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.()6.Aslongasyoudon’tloseheart,you’llsucceed.()7.Tryashemight,hecouldnotfindajob.()8.Theoldladytreatstheboyasifhewerehisownson.()9.Hewokeupassuddenlyashehadfallenasleep.

()结果条件让步方式比较一个____在复合句中用作状语时,在语法上叫状语从句。从句由_______、________或_______引导。状语从句可分为：1)______2)_________3)______4)_________5)_______6)_________7)_______8)_________9)_______等句子概念时间地点

原因目的结果条件

方式比较

让步名词词组从属连词副词一.时间状语从句的引导词1.when,while,as,before,after,until,till,since,eversince,once,assoonas，2.everytime,next/last/eachtime,thefirsttime,themoment,theminute,theinstant4.hardly…when,nosooner…than,scarcely…when3.immediately,instantly,directlywhen,while,as_______________weweretalking,Mr.Smithscamein._____theycamehome,Iwascookingdinner.Iwasabouttogotobed_______Iheardsomeoneknockatthedoor.4.________wewerewatchingTV,hewasstudying.5.Heisfat_______hisbrotheristhin.6.______shesang,tearsrandownherface.While/WhenWhenwhenWhilewhileAs连接词when、while、as的用法小结1、when的用法：（1）when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是延续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。如：

Whenthefilmended,thepeoplewentback.WhenIlivedthere,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.（2）可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于andatthis/thattime。常用于句式：Somebodywasdoingsomethingwhen…Sb.wasabouttodosth.when…(刚要……这时突然……)2、连接词while的用法（1）while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间内”，引导的从句动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。

Peopledon’ttalksoloudlywhileothersareworking.（2）从句和主句的谓语动词都为延续性动词时,只能用while;while还可作并列连词,表示”而”.

IwasreadingwhilehewaswatchingTV.（3）引导让步状语从句(句首）3．as的用法：(1)as着重强调主句和从句的动作同时或几乎同时发生，如：

Thestudentsroseastheteacherenteredtheclassroom.(2)as还可以表示“随着……”，如：

Astimegoesby,itisgettingcolderandcolder.(3)As还能表示“一边……一边”，如：

Helookedbehindfromtimetotimeashewent.before,after,sinceHehadleftthetowntheday______shearrived.Itwasnotlong______helefthishometown.Iplayedfootball_____I(had)finishedmyhomeworkPleasetellherI’llcome_______Idosomeshopping.beforeafterbeforeafter5.Itwillnotbelong______wemeeteachotheragain.6.I__________(be)athisbedsidesincehe_______(become)ill.7.It____________(be)twoyearssincewe_______(begin)tousethismachine.beforehavebeenbecameis/hasbeenbeganConclusion:1）句型Itwillbe/was＋一段时间＋before…“还要过多久才……”如：

Itwillbetwoyearsbeforeheleavesthecountry.2）句型Itwillbe/wasnot＋一段时间＋before…“不多久就……”，如：Itwasnotlongbeforeheworkedouttheproblem.3）句型Itbe＋一段时间＋since…,该句型主句和从句中动词谓语时态的搭配很严格。Itis/hasbeen…sincesb.didsth.如：

Itisthreeyearssinceshejoinedthearmy.从句动词为瞬间动词，表示“自……以来，已经过去多长时间了”。Itisfourdayssinceshewasill.从句谓语动词为延续性动词，表示“自……结束以来，已经过去多长时间了”。till与until:1.Helivedwithhisparents________hegraduatedfromcollege.2.Not____hetoldmedidIknowthetruth.3.Thechildren___________(willcome)homeuntil/tillit’sdark.4.Itwas_________thewarwasoverthathereturnedtohisland.till/untiluntilwon’tcomenotuntil小结：till,until和not…until：1.until/till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到until/till所表示的时间，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如：

Wewaiteduntilhecame.2．用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如：

Hewon’tgotobedtill/untilshereturns.3．till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：

UntilyoutoldmeIhadnoideaofit.4．not…until句型中的强调和倒装说法：

ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.一…就…ill.__________________________________________hesawthemonster,heturnedpale.2、Thespyhad_________returnedhomethanhewastoldtogotoanothercountry.3、Wehad_______________returnedhomewhenitrained.4、_______________hadwebegunwhenwetoldtostop.Themoment/minute/Immediately/nosoonerhardly/scarcelyHardly/ScarcelyAssoonas5)nosooner…thanhardly/scarcely…when刚……就A.时态：主句用过去完成时（had+p.p.）从句用一般过去时B.倒装：nosooner/hardly/scarcely放句首，主句要到装二.地点状语从句:where,wherever，nomatterwhereYouwouldletyourchildrenplaywhereyoucanseethem.Whereveryouare,Iwillberighttherewaitingforyou.区分：wherever，nomatterwhere1.TheRedCrossisexpectedtosendhelp___thereishumansuffering.A.whoever

B.however

C.whatever

D.wherever2.--Mom，whatdidyourdoctorsay？--Headvisedmetolive____theairisfresher.A.inwhere

B.inwhich

C.theplacewhere

D.where

DD三、原因状语从句原因状语从句的引导词有：because,as,sincenowthat（既然）,consideringthat（考虑到）,seeingthat（鉴于）用because,as,since与for填空:--Whyareyoucrying,Tom?---________I’vebrokenyournecklace,mom.2.Iwenttobedearly_______Iwastired.3.Iwasnotkindtohim_________hewasrude.4.__Ihadacold,Iwasabsentfromschool.5.MymotherwasillandIsentforTom,___hewasadoctor.6.____weareallhere,let’sbeginourclass.BecausebecausebecauseAsforSinceConclusion:because直接原因，非推断．语气最强．回答whysince表示“既然”，语气较弱；强调对方已经知晓，无需加以说明的原因，只可以放在句首。As“由于”，语气最弱，表示往往是十分明显的原因，常放在句首，比较口语化。For放句中，对前面一句话的内容的补充说明。

四.条件状语从句:引导条件状语从句的连接词有:if,unless,as/solongas（只要）,incase,onconditionthat(条件......),provided(that)(假设），等

1、TheWTOcannotliveuptoitsname____itdoesnotincludeacountrythatishometoonefifthofmankind.

A．aslongasB．while

C．ifD．eventhough2、

Itisknowntoallthat_____youexerciseregularly,youwon’tkeepgoodhealth.A.unlessB.aslongasC.althoughD.ifCAConclusion:条件状语从句中,如果主从句都表将来动作，主句用将来时态，从句用一般现在时态.Ifyoudon’thurryup,youwillmisstheplane.2、unless

相当于ifnot，意思是“除非…”“如果不就…”。Wecan’tgetthereontimeunlesswebooktheearliestflight.=Wecannotgetthereontimeifwedon’tbooktheearliestflight.as/solongas,incase1、IalwaystakesomethingtoreadwhenIgotothedoctor’s________Ihavetowait.2、I’llgo___________________yougo.incaseas/solongas1、Youcanhavemybicycleforafewdays______________youreturnitbySunday.2、___________anythingimportanthappens,pleasecallmeup.3、_________________youhadonemilliondollars,whatwouldyoudo?

onconditionthatIncaseSuppose/Supposingonconditionthat：条件是

incase:万一

suppose\supposing(that):假设，如果五、让步状语从句Hewentout,_______________itwasraining._________theyarepoor,theybuyagreatmanybooks.Child____heis,hehaslearntadvancedmathematics.though/althoughAlthoughasthough,although,evenif/though,while,nomatter…,whatever,however…,as_______heisachild,hehaslearntadvancedmathematics.Nomatter________happens,don’tbediscouraged.Nomatter______hardhetried,hecouldn’topenthedoor.Nomatter______yougo,youmustwritetoyourparents.Nomatter______youmarryinthefuture,hemustbeanhonestman.howwherewhowhatEvenifthough/although1、一般可互换：主句前可用yet,still,常省略．但不能与but连用。

Though/althoughitsoundsstrange,（yet）itistrue.2、倒装句和独立副词放句末只能用though.Strange__________itmayseem,heremainedsingleallhislife.Itwashardwork,Ienjoyedit,_____.thoughthoughas引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管、虽然”。但从句要倒装。句型为：

adj./adv./单数n.(不加冠词)/v+as+主语+谓语…1、Youngassheis,shecanhelphermother.2、Fastasheruns,heisthelastone.

3、Tryasyoumay,youmightfailaswell.六、目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的引导词有：sothat,inorderthat(为了）forfearthat（以免，以防）Hegotupearly__________________hecouldcatchthebus.____________hecouldcatchthebus,hegotupearly.Istayedathomeallday__________________youcalled.inorderthat/sothatInorderthatsothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,incaseforfearthatConclusion:1、目的状语从句中的谓语动词常与情态动词can,could,may,might,should等连用。如：

Takethismedicinesothatyoucanrecoversoon.2、inorderthat常用于正式文体，可放于句首，也可放于句中；而sothat往往只放于句中。3、目的状语从句可以和动词不定式互换。如：

We’llsitinfrontofthehallsothat/inorderthatwecanhearbetter.=We’llsitinfrontofthehall______________________hearbetter.soasto/inorderto七、结果状语从句结果状语从句的引导词有：sothat,so…that,such…that1、Iwascaughtinashower,________allmyclothesgotwet.2、It’s____cold_____thelakehasfrozen.3、Thereare______manybooksthere_____Idon’tknowwhichonetoborrow.4、It’s_____goodabook_______I’vereaditagainandagain.5、Itwas_____acoldday_____therewasnobodyonthestreet.6、______coldweatherremainedforthreedays_____Ihadtostayathomealldaylong.sothatsothatsuchthatSuchthatsothatsothatsothat,so…that,such…that1、sothat引导结果状语从句时，从句中不带情态动词，that有时可省略。如：

Hedidn’tplanhistimewellso(that)hedidn’tfinishhisworkintime.2、当so/such置于句首时，so/such引导的句子要半倒装。如：

SuchanicemanisMikethatwealllikehim.Soexcitedwashethathecouldnotfallasleep.Conclusion:3、so…that和such…that常用的搭配有：so+adj./adv.+that从句so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数形式+that

so+many/much/few/little+n.+thatsuch+a/an+