新高考英语二轮复习课时练第1部分阅读理解与阅读七选五专题2第1 利用设空位置快解阅读七选五

阅读七选五主要考查考生对文章整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和把握。考试形式是在一段约300词的短文中留出5个空白，要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。年份卷别体裁主题语境考查类型考情分析段首段中段尾2022全国乙卷说明文人与社会·良好的人际关系与社会交往3111.选文以说明文为主，记叙文、议论文为辅。题型以段中句为主，段首句和段尾句为辅。2.话题与当代社会生活紧密相关、人文气息浓厚，引导学生关爱自我、关3.选项特点：2019年全国卷回归到了七个整句的设题模式；2020年全国卷Ⅱ的第37题和第40题需要填入半句话(主从结构或并列结构)；2021年全国甲卷的第37题和2022年全国甲卷的第38和40题均需要填入半句话。全国甲卷说明文人与社会·不同民族文化习俗与传统节日131新高考全国Ⅰ卷说明文人与社会·体育与健康0412021全国乙卷说明文人与社会·社会交往221全国甲卷说明文人与自我·生活140新高考全国Ⅰ卷记叙文人与社会·跨文化沟通1402020全国Ⅰ卷说明文人与自我·生活与学习131全国Ⅱ卷说明文人与社会·人际交往140全国Ⅲ卷说明文人与社会·社会习俗221新高考全国Ⅰ卷说明文人与自我·生活与学习131解答阅读七选五题目时，方法会因人而异，所以我们在复习备考中，根据题型特点和平时的教学总结了三种比较实用的解题技法：利用设空位置，快解阅读七选五；依据线索词汇，巧解阅读七选五；根据逻辑关系，化解阅读七选五。这三种技法各有特色，没有优劣之分。有的试题仅仅运用一种方法不能找出答案，可以综合运用三种方法，灵活解题。除了这三种方法外，考生还可以利用语篇分析妙解七选五。第1讲利用设空位置，快解阅读七选五命题人常采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式。句子在段中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。出题者正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，来考查学生的逻辑思维能力。技法一段首设空题(2022·全国乙·片段)·Practiseempathy(共情)38.Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.·39Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Althoughtechnologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible，extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends’birthdaysandotherimportantdateswillmakesurenothingslipsbyyou.·Don’trelyontechnologyalone40，butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.Trytoseekoutchancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendface-to-facetimetogetherwheneverpossible.A．RememberimportantdatesB．CompensatebywritinglettersC．ItisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendshipkeeperD．TrytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoitE．FriendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunicationF．ItiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmediaG．Youmaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind38．答案G解析此空考查段落主旨句，可运用“中心词法”。下文“Thefriendwhoisremaining”和“Theoneinthenewenvironment”提到朋友的两种不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“thefriendwholeft”和“theonewhowasleftbehind”分别对应下文“Theoneinthenewenvironment”和“Thefriendwhoisremaining”。故选G。39．答案A解析此处考查段落小标题，依据其他段落小标题为祈使句，可在选项A、B、D中确定答案，再根据下文“Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.”可知，周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“记得重要的日子”。故选A。40．答案F解析根据本段小标题以及空后句“butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain”可知，维系异地友谊不能只依靠科技，我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”肯定了科技的作用，并同下文衔接紧密。故选F。技法二段中设空题段中设空即主题句的展开句。尤其注意分析空格前后的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意各句间的衔接手段。其特点主要是以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充前文的具体事实、事例和说明。解此类试题时首先应确定所缺的句子是过渡句还是细节句，对于这两类句子，我们将采用不同的方法来解题。(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ·片段)FitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticletitled“FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkoutPartner”．Onereasonwas：“You’llactuallyshowupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthegym，”whileanotherread：“36”Withaworkoutpartner，youwillincreaseyourtrainingeffortasthereisasubtle(微妙)competition.A．Yourfirstmeetingmaybealittleawkward.B．Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneedstolivecloseby.C．You’llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.D．Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?E．Howcanyouwriteagood“seekingtrainingpartner”notice?F．Justacceptyourdifferencesandlearntoworkwitheachother.G．Anynoticeforatrainingpartnershouldincludesuchinformation.36．答案C解析此处考查细节句，上文提到感谢健身伙伴的一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼”，再根据“whileanotherread”可知，这里陈述另一个感谢健身伙伴的理由。所以C项“如果你和别人一起锻炼，你会更努力”符合语境。故选C。技法三段尾设空题(2021·浙江6月·片段)You’vegotmail...andit’sapostcardPauloMagalhaes，a34-year-oldPortuguesecomputerengineer，lovestoopenhismailboxandfindabrightlycoloredpictureofRome’sColosseum.OrAfrica’sVictoriaFalls.OrChina’sGreatWall.31“Ioftensendpostcardstofamilyandfriends，”hesaystoChinaDaily...A．Andthat’stotallyfine.B．Thatmakesitextrahardtolearnandpracticeit.C．Helikestothinkofsendingpostcardsasafamily-friendlyhobby.D．Manylovetomakeaconnectionwithsomeonefromacrosstheworld.E．OnAugust5，thenumberofpostcardsexchangedbymemberstopped31million.F．Similarly，ifyouspeakonlyChinese，receivingacardinSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.G．Inshort，helovespostcards，andtheexcitementofgettingahand-writtennotefromsomeonefaraway.31．答案G解析此处考查总结句。根据上文可知，Paulo喜欢打开邮筒，收到一张色彩鲜艳的罗马斗兽场的图片，或者是非洲维多利亚瀑布的图片，或者是中国长城的图片，由此可知，G项“总而言之，他喜欢明信片，以及收到远方某人手写的便条时的那种兴奋感”符合语境。G项中的“loves”“postcards”分别与上文中的“loves”及下文中的“postcards”相对应，而且G项中含有总结性词语inshort。A(2022·安徽马鞍山三模)Sustainabletourismfocusesonreducingtourism’snegativeimpactsandonmaximizingitspositivebenefitsforcommunities，cultures，ecosystems，andtheplanet.There’sneverbeenabettertimetorethinkpasthabitsandreshapethewaywetravel.1Asyouread，thinkaboutwhichpracticesyoucanadopt.Useefficientmeansoftransportation.Ingeneral，planesandcarstendtobetheleastefficientmeansoftransportation.Whenvacationingtocloserdestinations，travelbytrainorcoachtocutyourcarbonfootprint.Onceyou’reinyourdestination，considertakingthebus，orcyclingaroundtown.2Conservewaterandenergy.Beyondtransportation，tourismalsoreliesonenergyforheating，lighting，andcentricity.Thisalongwithintensivewaterusebytouristscanputgreatpressureonlocalwatersuppliesandenergyservices.3Therefore，whenyou’reonvacation，dowhatyoucantoconservelocalresources.Slowdownandstayawhile.Onceyou’vereachedyourdestination，you’lllikelyspendthemajorityofyourvacationrushingfromoneplacetoanother.4Instead，you’dbetterslowdownandparkyourselfinanareaforawhile.Itwillallowyoutobuilddeeperconnectionswithlocalpeopleandgettoknowtheuniqueculture.5Travelofferstouristsanopportunitytoexperienceothertraditions，beliefsandwaysoflife.Whereveryougo，rememberthatthedestinationyouarevisitingissomeoneelse’shome.Beconsiderateoflocalpeopleandtreatthemwithdignity.Doyourbesttoleaveplaceslikeyoufoundthemsothatfuturegenerationsoftravelersandresidentscanenjoythemtoo!A．Respectlocalcommunities.B．Experiencemoreaboutlocallife.C．Manydestinationsstruggletokeepupwiththedemand.D．Therearestillplentyofbusinessesthatdon’tseethevalue.E．That’swhywe’veroundedupourtipsforsustainabletravel.F．Thenyou’llmissoutonactuallygettingtoknowthedestination.G．Actually，there’snoone-size-fits-allguidelineforwhichmethodtouse.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。作者认为，可持续旅游的重点是减少旅游业的负面影响，并最大限度地提高其对社区、文化、生态系统和地球的积极利益，于是提出了几条有利于发展可持续旅游业的建议。1．答案E解析上文“There’sneverbeenabettertimetorethinkpasthabitsandreshapethewaywetravel.”说明了改变和重塑旅游方式势在必行。根据下文“Asyouread，thinkaboutwhichpracticesyoucanadopt.”可知，作者建议大家采用下文提出的方式。E项“这就是为什么我们收集了可持续旅行的建议”承上启下。故选E项。2．答案G解析上文“Whenvacationingtocloserdestinations，travelbytrainorcoachtocutyourcarbonfootprint.Onceyou’reinyourdestination，considertakingthebus，orcyclingaroundtown.”表明作者建议游客们按照自己的需求来选择合适且低碳的出行方式，G项中的method对应上文的bytrainorcoach和takingthebus等，故选G项。3．答案C解析上文“Beyondtransportation，tourismalsoreliesonenergyforheating，lighting，andcentricity.Thisalongwithintensivewaterusebytouristscanputgreatpressureonlocalwatersuppliesandenergyservices.”说明了游客的交通、供暖、用水等需求给旅游地造成了巨大的压力，所以选项要说明带来的影响。C项中的demand与上文的transportation，energy和wateruse等相呼应，故选C项。4．答案F解析上文“Onceyou’vereachedyourdestination，you’lllikelyspendthemajorityofyourvacationrushingfromoneplacetoanother.”说明可能会花费大部分假期从一个地方赶往另一个地方。F项“然后你会错过真正了解目的地的机会”承接上文，说明上文所产生的影响。故选F项。5．答案A解析下文“Travelofferstouristsanopportunitytoexperienceothertraditions，beliefsandwaysoflife.Whereveryougo，rememberthatthedestinationyouarevisitingissomeoneelse’shome.Beconsiderateoflocalpeopleandtreatthemwithdignity.”表明游客要尊重当地人和他们的文化，A项“Respectlocalcommunities.”总结本段，符合题意。故选A项。B(2022·福建师大附中质检)Wantarelaxingbutfunchallengeathome？1Puzzleshavebeenaroundformorethan250yearsandthechallengeofworkingoutwhereeachpiecegoesandcarefullyrecreatingthesceneontheboxlidcankeepyoubusyforhours，daysorevenweeks.Puzzlescomeinahugerangeofsizesanddifficultylevels.Forbeginners，a100-piecepuzzleisusuallyagoodstartingpoint.2Trygroupingpieceswiththesamecoloursordesignbecausetheywillprobablygointhesameareaoncethepuzzletakesshape.3Thosepiecesareeasiertofindbecausetheyhaveastraightside.Staypatientasyousearchthroughandtrytomakeitfittogether.Youmaynotfindanyconnectingpiecesforagesbutthenseveralmaysuddenlyappear.Forarealtest，puzzlesthathave1,000piecesormoreareatoughtaskandit’sbesttocompletethemwithfriendsorfamilyifyoucan.Choosingascenethatinterestsyou，suchasafavouritefilm，sportorlocation，canhelpkeepyouinterestedanddeterminedtoworktothefinalpiece.Youcangetfuneducationalpuzzles，too.4Someofthebestplacestopickuppuzzlesarecharityshops.They’reoftenonsaleforlessthan￡5.Onceyouhavecompletedapuzzle，it’snicetoexchangeitwithafriend.5Youjustuploadanimage，suchasafamilyscene，andtheywillmakeapuzzlefromitandpostittoyou.Itmakeslovelyandunusualpresent.A．Sootherscanhaveago.B．Youcan’tbeatagoodpuzzle.C．Somecompaniesmakepersonalisedpuzzles.D．However，agoodstartdoesn’talwaysleadtoagoodresult.E．Mostpeopleliketostartbygettingthefouredgesofapuzzlelaidout.F．Itcangetyouusedtosortingouthowtheshapes，patternsandcoloursgotogether.G．Forexample，youmaytryamapoftheworld，historicaltimelinesortheperiodictable.eq\x(语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了拼图的玩法。)1．答案B解析根据下文“Puzzleshavebeenaroundformorethan250years...”可知，此空要引出本文主旨——拼图。B项(一个好拼图再好不过了)承上启下。故选B。2．答案F解析根据下文“Trygroupingpieceswiththesamecoloursordesignbecausetheywillprobablygointhesameareaoncethepuzzletakesshape.”可知，此处讲拼图的技巧。F项(它可以让你习惯把形状、图案和颜色组合在一起)讲述拼图的技巧，符合题意，引起下文。故选F。3．答案E解析根据下文“Thosepiecesareeasiertofindbecausetheyhaveastraightside.”可知，they指的是拼图的四个边角；E项(大多数人都喜欢先拼出拼图的四边)中的fouredges对应“theyhaveastraightside”，引起下文。故选E。4．答案G解析根据上文“Youcangetfuneducationalpuzzles，too.”可知，此段讲述有教育意义的拼图，G项(例如，你可以尝试世界地图、历史时间表或元素周期表)承接上文。故选G。5．答案C解析根据下文“Youjustuploadanimage，suchasafamilyscene，andtheywillmakeapuzzlefromitandpostittoyou.”可知，此处讲述个性定制的拼图。C项(一些公司制作个性定制的拼图)引起下文，符合题意。故选C。强化练(十八)阅读七选五(1)ACultureTripistheonlytravelwebsitethattakesyoufrominspirationtoplanningandbookingandwe’reevenwithyouwhenyou’reawayviaourapptoshowyouaround.1Ouraward-winningcontentinspiresyoutotrulyexperienceaplace.2Sincethen，ourglobalcommunityoftravelexpertsandlocalinsidershavewrittenabouttheworld’sbestbits:theysharetheirknowledge，recommendationsandstoriesfromeverycornerintheworld.We’reproudthatformorethanadecade，travelershavetrustedus.CultureTripisdifferentbecausewenotonlyinspireyouwithourcontentbutwealsohelpyoutoturntheinspirationdirectlyintorealitybybookingwhatyoureadabout.Thesemultidayadventurescomewithamissiontoletyouexperienceextraordinaryplacesinunexpectedways，togetherwithotherculturallycurioustravelers.3Theycombineauthenticexperiencesandlocalactivitieswithuniqueplacestostay.Allaroundtheworld，therearesomanyhotelsandthingstodo.4Ourtravelexpertsdothehardworkforyouandhand-pickhotelsweloveandexperiencesyoushouldn’tmiss.Weareyourtrustedshortcuttobookingtravelthat’sgood，andmakesyoufeelgood.5Buttravelalsoconnectsusallandbringsopportunitiestopeoplearoundtheworld.Sowehelppeopletravelresponsiblyandwithpurpose.Wecanallmakechangestothewaywetravel—andhoweversmall，theycanstillhaveapositiveimpact.A．So，wehelpyouthroughallthese.B．Peoplehavedifferentchoicesastowheretogo.C．Herearesometipsforanunforgettableculturetrip.D．Weknowthattraveloftenmeansagreatercarbonfootprint.E．Thetripsareorganizedbytravelexpertsandguidedbylocalinsiders.F．CultureTripwascreatedin2011toinspirepeopletoexploretheworld.G．Here’swhatwedotoallowustokeepyoucompanyinanewworldoftravel.eq\x(语篇解读本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了旅游网站“文化之旅CultureTrip”提供的服务。)1．答案G解析开头介绍出该文的主题：“文化之旅”网站，空格处位于句末，是该段的总结句，同时又承接下文，介绍网站具体服务之意。G项中“Here’s”与下文一致。故选G。2．答案F解析下文“Sincethen，ourglobalcommunityoftravelexpertsandlocalinsidershavewrittenabouttheworld’sbestbits...”说明旅游专家和业内人士经常在网站上分享自己的旅游经历和最好的地方。F项中“in2011”与下文中“Sincethen”意义衔接合理。故选F。3．答案E解析根据下文“Theycombineauthenticexperiencesandlocalactivitieswithuniqueplacestostay.”可知，这里介绍文化之旅提供的服务和组织的旅行所具备的特点。E项中travelexperts和localinsiders与下文中的They相呼应。故选E。4．答案A解析上文“Allaroundtheworld，therearesomanyhotelsandthingstodo.”说明全球有很多酒店，并且要做的事很多，下文“Ourtravelexpertsdothehardworkforyouandhand-pickhotelsweloveandexperiencesyoushouldn’tmiss.”说明文化之旅如何帮助解决这些问题，空格处承上启下。A项中allthese与上文一致，help与下文一致。故选A项。5．答案D解析本段最后两句提到文化之旅帮助人们负责任地、有目的地旅行，而且可以帮助改变旅行方式，可推测与低碳旅游相关。D项中carbonfootprint与下文相呼应。故选D。BWhetherit’spainting，orsculptingtinycupcakesoutofclay，makingartisgoodforyourmindandbody.1Butyoudon’thavetobeafull-timeartisttogetthosehealthbenefits.Allyouneedtodoisjustmakingart.Andthemoreyoudoit，thebetter.Herearethingsyouneedtoknowtostartyourcreativearthabit.2“Wetendtothinkthatonlypeoplewhoareveryskilledatartcancallthemselvesartists，buteveryoneiscapableofcreativeexpression，”saysKaimal，aleadingresearcherinarttherapy.Herresearchhasshownthattherearenodifferencesinhealthoutcomesbetweenexperiencedartistsandgreenhands.3Startwithwhatyouenjoy—maybesomethingyou’vedonebefore，maybesomethingyoulovedasakid.Keepanopenmind.Anythingthatengagesyourcreativemind，suchasfingerpainting，baking，knitting，etc，isgoodforyou.Anddon’tfeellikeyouhavetosticktoonething.4Thinkaboutmakingartlikeanyhealthyhabit.Justasyoumaketimetoworkout，youshouldmaketimeforyourartisticcreation.5Kaimalsuggestssettingupacornertableforyourartsupplies.Yourcreativecorneris“kindoflikeareminder，”shesays.“Itshowsyourcommitmenttoinvestinyourselfandyourwell-being.”A．Focusonmaking.B．Letitgothatyou’renotanartist.C．Mixitup—dowhateveryou’reinthemoodfor.D．Besidestime，spareaphysicalspaceinyourhomeforart.E．Therearerulesforhowmuchtimeyoushouldengageinart.F．Theactofcreationcanreducestressandimproveyourmood.G．Sodespiteyourskilllevel，you’llfeelallthegoodthingscomingwithmakingart.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了艺术创作对健康有好处，以及一些开始你的创造性艺术习惯的建议。1．答案F解析根据本空上一句可知，本句承接上文具体说明艺术创作对身心有哪些好处。故F项符合语境。2．答案B解析根据本空后两句可知，研究表明，经验丰富的艺术家和新手的健康结果之间没有差异，可见是不是真正的艺术家并不影响创作。故B项符合语境。3．答案G解析根据本空上一句可知，经验丰富的艺术家和新手的健康结果之间没有差异，本句与设空处构成因果关系，指出不管艺术水平如何，都能感受艺术创作的好处。故G项符合语境。4．答案C解析根据本段内容可知，本段提到从喜欢的事情开始，且不要觉得必须坚持一件事，本句为本段最后一句，故建议可以混合起来——做任何你想做的事。故C项符合语境。5．答案D解析根据本空后面的内容可知，后文提到了创意角落，即在家里留出欣赏艺术的空间。故D项符合语境。CSeptemberusuallymarksthestartofanewseason.Butwhatyoucallthatseasondependsonwhereyouareandwhomyouask.1However，crosstheAtlanticandyou’llfindthatpeopleuseboth“fall”and“autumn”interchangeably(交替地)whenreferringtothistimeofyear.IntheEnglishlanguage，theseasonhastwowidelyacceptednames.2AccordingtoD，“fall”isn’tamodernnicknamethatfollowedthemoretraditional“autumn”．Thetwotermswereactuallyfirstrecordedwithinafewhundredyearsofeachother.Beforeeitherwordappearedinthelexicon(词典)，theseasonsseparatingthecoldandwarmmonthsdidn’thavecommonnames.Themainthingpeopledidduringthepre-winterperiodwasgatheringandpreservingcrops.3Then，inthe1600s，moreandmorepeopleleftruralfarmlandandmovedintocities.Withoutfarming，theterm“harvest”becamelessusefultocityresidents.4Theyknewleavesfellfromtreesduringthatseason.Sopeoplecalledtheseason“thefalloftheleaf”，or“fall”forshort.Butbytheendofthe1600s，autumn，fromtheFrenchword“autompne”andtheLatin“autumnus”，hadbeenintroducedinEnglandandovertook“fall”asthestandardtermfortheharvestingseason.Atthesametime，BritishcolonistsweremakingtheirfirstvoyagestoNorthAmerica.5Today，usingbothwordstodescribetheseasonisauniqueAmericanphenomenon.A．Whydoesithavetobesoconfusing?B．Soitwascalled“harvest”inOldEnglish.C．Somewordsoriginatedfromotherlanguages.D．IntheUK，peoplewilltellyouit’s“autumn”．E．Plantsorfruitswerecollectedatharvesttime.F．Theybroughtthewords“fall”and“autumn”withthem.G．SomeEnglishspeakersneededadifferentnamefortheseason.eq\x(语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于秋天的两种称呼“fall”和“autumn”的来历。)1．答案D解析D项中的“autumn”指上一句中的“thatseason”，“IntheUK”呼应“whereyouare”。D项与下文为转折关系。2．答案A解析根据上文可知，秋天在不同的地方有不同的名字，后文解释了原因。设空处承上启下，A项符合文意。3．答案B解析根据本空上一句可知，人们在冬季前做的事情主要是收集和保存作物。本空前一句是B项的原因。4．答案G解析根据本空上一句可知，设空处承接上文，说明针对上文的情况，一些英国人的做法。本空后一句中的“they”指G项中的“SomeEnglishspeakers”。5．答案F解析根据本空上一句和下一句可知，英国殖民者带来了“autumn”和“fall”这两个词。“‘fall’and‘autumn’”呼应“bothwords”。DIt’stimetobreakoutthatpictureofyouasakindergartengraduate.Placeitonthemantel(壁炉架)asyourreminder；you’llsoonbeattendingyourdreamcollegeoruniversity.1Andtheschoolyearyou’vebeenwaitingonhasfinallyarrived.You’renowleadersofthehighschool；SENIORS：TheClassof2022!Now，beforeyougettooexcited，youhavealotofworktodotoensu