初升高英语衔接专题一（句法）课件

2021级开学第一课---英语语法小常识初高衔接示范课

语法初高衔接（英语语法小常识）

解开语法谜团

形成整体架构英语侯课要求Agenda英语中的句子成分（一）英语中的句子成分（二）英语基本句式综合练习Teachingaims:教学目标：1、了解句子的主要成分——主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、

状语、补语、同位语以及它们在句中的功能和作用；2、掌握主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位

语的不同构成形式，强化词性意识；3、熟练区分句子的各构成部分，判断五种基本句子类型

。a(an)

art.

一（个、件……）△abandon[əˈbændən]v.抛弃，舍弃，放弃

ability[əˈbɪlɪtɪ]n.能力；才能

able[ˈeɪb(ə)l]a.能够；有能力的abnormal[æbˈnɔːm(ə)l]a.反常的，变态的aboard[əˈbɔːd]prep.上（船，飞机，火车等）about[əˈbaʊt]ad.大约；到处；四处

above[əˈbʌv]prep.在……上面a.上面的

abroad[əˈbrɔːd]ad.到（在）国外

absent

[ˈæbsənt]

a.

缺席，

不在

什么是英语句子？句子可以用来陈述一段事情、描述一种关系、表达某种情感等等。一个句子可以分解成单词或词组的组合。这些单词或词组在句子中有着不同的功能和位置，称为不同的句子成分。常见的句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语补语包括：宾语补足语和主语补足语（也即表语）什么是英语句子？1、句子成分主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语2、按句子结构分：简单句、并列句、复合句3、按交际功能分：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句此照片，作者:未知作者，许可证:CCBY-SA句子成分1：主语subject主语是一个句子的主体，一般在句首。英语中主语一般不省略。名词作主语代词作主语动名词作主语不定式作主语5.Thathewontheprizeexcitedeveryone.6.Itisimportantforustohaveourdreams.7.Itisobviousthathewaswrong.8.Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.主语从句作主语It作形式主语，tohaveourdreams不定式短语才是真正的主语It作形式主语，thathewaswrong主语从句才是真正的主语It作形式主语，cryingoverthespiltmilk动名词短语才是真正的主语覆水难收主语

subjectExerciseP4句子成分2：谓语predicate

谓语说明主语的动作、状态或特征。谓语由动词或动词短语充当，或者由“系动词+表语”构成。谓语的位置一般出现在主语之后。动词分为：实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。1、实义动词为行为动词，表示动作或者状态的词，能单独作谓语。可分为：及物动词和不及物动词2、系动词：系动词本身有意思为动词，但不能单独作谓语，后面必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等。5、助动词：have,

be,

do等。助动词一般没有意义，不能单独做谓语。助动词的作用主要帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定和疑问句。如:Heiswaitingforthebus.Hehasmadeuphismind.Doyouloveme?6、情态动词：can,could,may,might,must,should,need,haveto,oughtto,dare等

谓语

predicateExercise1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.Wecanmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Theletterisfrommyyoungestsister.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.谓语

predicateExerciseP51.Myheartsank.2.Finallyalltheminersweresaved.3.Sofar,

nobodyhasputforwardanyuseful

waysto

dealwiththeproblem.4.(2023·江苏沛县高一期末)Talkingabout

personalfeclingswithyourfamilymay

help.5.Themilkwentsour.6.Heturnedaroundandranawayquickly.7.Theboyisalwayswillingtohelpthe

disabledpeople.8.Don'tleaveoutanykeypointswhen

writingyouressay!9.Atthattime,educationwasdesignedforwhitesettlersonly.10.Lookingaround,

shecouldfindnobodyto

turnto.直接宾语(DO)多指物，间接宾语(IO)多指人。间接宾语通常置于直接宾语之前，若放在其后，一般须加介词for或to。宾语objectExerciseP51.Wouldyoupleaseshowyourpassport?2.Doyoumeanthat?3.Thedoctorisexaminingtheinjured.4,Irememberseeinghimsomewhere.5.Don'tforgettoturnoffthelight.6.Hepromisedthathewouldarriveintime

forthemeeting.7,Ithinkitimportanttocareaboutour

environment.8.Thegirlconsidersitherdutythat

wheneverpossible,sheshouldoffera

helpinghandtothoseinneed.9.Heshowedmealotofphotosofhis

house.10.Thegirlofferedherseattoanaged

woman.Exploration:Mywifecallsme

a“moviefan”.Ifoundmyclassmatesandteachersfriendlyandhelpful./ontheplayground宾语补足语位于宾语之后，是用来补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的。可由名词、形容词、数词、介词短语等充当。系动词LinkingVerb

表语predicative表语表述主语的身份、特征或状态，位于系动词之后。名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语等均可用作表语。Exploration:5.Theteacherwaskindandfriendly.Themathshomeworklookseasy.1.Aftergraduationfromuniversity,heturneddoctor.2Shelookedworriedatthenews.3.Fourtimesfourissixteen.4.Nobodywouldliketobethelasttoleave.5.Timeispressing.Wemusthurryup.6.Thevillageisinperfectpeace.7.Themusicwasoninthenextroom.8.Alotofworkremainstobefinished.9.Theboy'sjobiscollectinganddelivering

lettersfromdoortodoor.10.Thereasonisthat

manypeoplelack

properexercise.表语predicativeExerciseP6Exploration:2.Ihadmyfirstmathsclassatseniorhighschool.3.Hetoldusafunnystory.Mymumboughtmeanewdictionary.4.My______wifecallsmea“moviefan”.Ifoundmyclassmatesandteachersfriendlyandhelpful.5.Theteacher_______

waskindandfriendly.

定语修饰名词或代词，用来说明人或事物的品质或特征。名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语等均可用作定语。lovelyinred

定语attribute

定语attributeExerciseP71.Theshoeshopliesattheothersideofthe

street,2.Doyouhaveanythingspecialtoshare

withyourclassmates?3.About20peoplewillattendthemeeting

tobeheldtomorrow.4.Thefallenleavesonthegroundmadethe

gardenevenmorebeautiful.5.Themanwearingablacksuitisournew

headmaster.6.Theboyseatedatthebackistheonein

needofyourhelp.7.Gonearethedayswhenwomenwere

lookeddownupon.8.Ourmonitor,whoisgoodathislessons,isalwaysreadytohelpothers.Exploration:1.Allofuslaughed./Wemustact./Hetalkedtoomuch.2.Ihadmyfirstmathsclassatseniorhighschool.3.____________,hetoldusafunnystory.5.Themathshomeworklooks_______easy.6.There’salottoexploreatseniorhigh.状语修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句。位置灵活。用来表示行为发生的方式、条件、目的、时间、地点、程度等。副词、形容词、介词短语等均可用作状语。Surprisinglyquite

状语adverbial状语adverbialExerciseP8l.Theyoftentakeawalkinthenearbypark

tokeepfit.2.Lostinthought,healmostranintothe

carparkedbytheroad.3.LiMinghelpedthefarmersgetinallthe

crops,tiredbuthappy.4.Thewaterlevelinthelakehasrisenby

halfametersince2weeksago.5.Theladysatbythewindow,readinga

bookwitharedcover.6.Thedoctordideverythinghecouldtosave

thegirl'slife.7.Weshould

servethepeopleheartand

soul.8.Comparedtomanywomen,shewas

indeedverylucky.Exploration:P8.1.Theyfoundhimlyingontheground.2.Withthemusicon,hefellasleep.3.Youshouldkeepthebottleoutofthereachofchildren.4.Hewaselectedchairmanagain.5.Theboywasmadetoworkwithoutanypayment.6.Weimaginehimtobealiar.补语是用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分，通常为名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词或不定式等。

ExerciseP8

1.Theyfoundhimlyingontheground.2.Withthemusicon,hefellasleep.3,Youshouldkeepthebottleoutofthe

reachof

children.4.Hewaselectedchairmanagain.5.Theboywasmadetoworkwithoutany

payment.6,Weimaginehimtobealiar.Exploration:1.We________mustact./He,______________,talkedtoomuch.4.Mywife,________,callsmea“moviefan”.

同位语用来说明或解释同一事物，通常放在其所说明的名词或代词之后。名词、代词、数词等均可用作同位语。

同位语appositiveeachmylittlebrotherSusanExerciseP9

同位语appositive1、Mr.Wang,ourheadmaster,willgo

abroadnextweek.2.Thetouristseachweararedcap.3.Areyoutworeadytostartyournewlifetogether?4.(2023·江苏南京高一统考)SuShi，a

famousscholaroftheSongDynasty,was

highlythoughtofinpoetry,proseand

painting.5.Wordcamethatawarbrokeoutbetween

thetwoneighboringcountries.英语句子成分与词类的关系：1.主语多由名词或代词担任；2.谓语由动词充当；3.表语位于系动词之后，多由名词或形容词充当；4.宾语分为动宾和介宾，由名词或代词充当；5.补足语补充说明宾语或主语；6.定语是用来修饰名词或代词的，多由形容词充当；7.状语修饰动词或全句，多由副词充当；8.同位语多由名词充当，用来说明或解释另一名词;9.独立成分一般是插入语、呼语、感叹语。

二、英语句子的9大句子成分主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接宾语，间接宾语，复合宾语）、补足语、定语、状语、同位语和独立成分。什么是英语句子？1、句子成分主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语2、按句子结构分：简单句、并列句、复合句3、按交际功能分：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句此照片，作者:未知作者，许可证:CCBY-SA1.S+V(主语+谓语)2.S+V+O

(主语+谓语+宾语)3.S+V+P(主语+系动词+表语)4.S+V+O1+O2

(主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语)5.S+V+O+C(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语)

一、简单句的5大基本句型:ReadandDiscussthesentencepatternsExploration:1.Allofus

laughed./We

mustact./He

talkedtoomuch.

2.I

miss

mygrandma.

I

had

myfirstmathsclassatseniorhighschool.

3.He

told

us

afunnystory.

Mymum

bought

me

anewdictionary.

SVO2SVSVSVSVOSVOSVO1O2O1双宾语Exploration:4.Mywife

calls

me

a“moviefan”.

I

found

myclassmatesandteachers

friendlyandhelpful.

5.Theteacher

was

kindandfriendly.

Themathshomework

looks

easy.

PVPSVCOSVOCSV复合宾语S

exerciseof“SV”P11.

SVSVSVSVSVSV

exerciseof“SVO”P11.1、Heagreedtodiscussthematterwiththeothers.2.Thefarmerkeptworkingintherain.3.Thekindmanhashelpedalotofpeopleinneed.4.(2023·江苏盐城期末)IsawaverydifferentkindofChinawithmyowneyes.5.Wefoundthatveryfewpeopleshowedinterestinthisproduct.6.Theboyiswonderingwhattodonextweek.7.Theylivedahappylifeinthemountainvillage.8.Manypeoplearoundhimjustmadefunofhim.

exerciseof“SVP”P12.1.Thestorysoundsunbelievable.2.Heisoneofthemostfamousscientistsintheworld.3.Theoldlady'shobbywasgrowingflowers.4.Theworkremainedundone.5.Histheoryprovedtobetruewithtime.6.Softmusicseemedoninmyneighboringhouse.7.Thevillagerswereingreatneedofcleandrinkingwater.8.Thereasonwasthathemissedtheearlybus.

exerciseof“SVO1O2”P12.l.Papatoldmeafunnystory.2.Isentatelegramtohim.3.Mumispreparingbrcakfastforthewholefamily.4.Heexplainedtomethathehadtobelefttotakeca