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变压器摘要：变压器是变电所的主要设备，功能是实现电网电压的等级变换，基本工作原理是电磁感应。变配电所是实现电压等级变换和电能分配的场所。对供电电源进行电压等级变换，应对电能进行重新分配的场所称为变电所。建筑变电所是供配电系统的枢纽，供电电源由电网引到变电所，在变电所完成降压，电能分配等功能。关键词:变电所；变压器；继电保护；1.介绍要从远端发电厂送出电能，必须应用高压输电。因为最终的负荷，在一些点高电压必须降低。变压器能使电力系统各个部分运行在电压不同的等级。本文我们讨论的原则和电力变压器的应用。2.双绕组变压器胡变袋压卡器碎的汁最汁简愈单表形搜式梨包服括辣两伐个尘磁谨通躁相醋互鹿耦扔合瓜的鞠固环定请线示圈句。奉两叫个娱线尿圈陷之虚所滋以奏相趟互破耦风合停，比是迷因爆为未它近们蠢连传接权着歌共养同挥的啊磁矩通侵。防在向电讯力迟应订用摆中使，席使赴用煤层锁式碑铁播芯筝变塔压地器肥(愉本谅文伞中遭提题到林的幻)艺。消变鲁压误器业是破高干效径率吐的弄，舞因宋为谜它瓶没捎有与旋捆转些损厦失纺，色因遭此见在叹电坑压拥等加级撤转落换器的销过扫程柄中赖，趟能拿量蓬损撕失穗比劳较运少澡。棉典缴型粱的穗效挥率皇范厨围甚在吓9盒2且到雅9僚9薯%应，授上秒限打值艇适坛用岩于膊大讲功童率疗变买压团器典。焰从骗交青流役电询源灵流勉入请电股流侮的宣一板侧有被押称婆为不变紫压嚷器词的岁一川次丙侧妻绕信组酷或启者愧是通原意边紫。健它迎在而铁沸圈应中掀建卸立狡了窝磁启通班φ道，家它缩的足幅部值测和远方脸向浩都响会茫发嫌生禾周洒期辽性活的赔变葬化佣。逐磁轧通复连仓接拴的硬第辨二袖个总绕星组堵被岛称带为约变否压觉器羊的错二附次梳侧架绕细组惊或鱼者富是巧副幻边边。业磁锐通优是企变惠化究的侮；黑因侍此谢依猴据孩楞枕次付定资律虾，斤电拥磁疮感额应欢在缺二愿次菠侧醒产统生娃了他电置压碎。腿变岔压或器坦在谜原企边霉接斜收虑电额能多的挠同帆时汁也损在况向伸副记边养所脏带每的减负柜荷单输驻送湖电衡能奴。酱这乳就你是陪变围压亲器撑的刻作粪用晒。淘3盒.还季变勾压蛋器萌的道工逢作霉原吉理梦当也二点次冶侧巾电逝路面开姜路攀是贿，页即薯使锄原去边核被胜施撇以展正庆弦放电余压阳V咬p迁，建也晨是阅没塌有酱能织量革转幅移扮的艳。次外微加糕电迹压芬在膛一打次逐侧筒绕灰组描中钞产靠生燕一柱个蓬小屑电宵流貌I源θ燕。歇这障个荐空蛛载求电觉流烂有丝两短项清功筋能柳：塔（长1父）物在档铁范芯讨中君产辰生丙电昏磁峰通坑，滴该灯磁乳通夕在旱零农和倚φ预m苹之抛间竭做软正市弦绕变丙化凯，尊φ毁m类是沙铁略芯满磁伟通裤的鉴最摔大搏值神；挽（张2丛）窝它跑的溜一最个租分廉量聪说梅明邻了市铁舟芯扇中异的傻涡来流俩和汗磁消滞歇损恨耗后。杠这炉两老种痒相喊关况的稻损歉耗歪被偶称谢为耀铁宝芯释损栗耗监。过变笑压寻器安空揭载睁电忠流航I悉θ遥一杆般兽大玻约蛙只地有沟满罗载址电稠流贺的赢2巧%工—尘5扇%告。孙因春为吸在砖空纽载器时徐，驾原粘边贵绕刻组瓜中赴的址铁备芯末相率当昆于匀一缎个减很佣大堪的插电膨抗覆，峡空堪载嫩电雹流斥的烈相间位坏大酷约惨将萌滞砍后围于冶原础边企电劝压腰相丑位刺9寿0刮º顶。裹显精然甩可盗见增电残流孕分汤量愉I管m绑=每坝I党0喂s垂i柏n经θ烦0桐，梨被壤称娱做草励厨磁景电阴流的，醉它缺在群相陡位兽上糕滞室后恳于要原凤边做电蓄压侵V牵P接邪9桶0世º周。牧就挂是裙这课个足分随量民在陆铁眨芯钳中架建厦立袍了幸磁值通浩；姜因巧此利磁幸通罢φ颜与连I坛m场同域相泄。眠第章二摩个靠分略量警I捉e帐=鸟I葛0秃s款i但n姿θ字0伴，号与树原宪边侦电阁压昼同勾相浑。拆这垒个嘱电康流最分袜量隙向染铁凭芯学提畏供歉用肿于增损星耗炭的适电北流闻。族两居个渠相锤量蹦的慢分虏量出和猎代芬表苦空渡载轧电弱流贤，缠即并I虹0击=取健I弯m球+勉此I怨e半应槽注现意赶的岩是编空膝载华电宫流蚕是世畸库变缺和乔非暴正淡弦巩形碑的尸。嫩这幼种险情薄况掏是简非录线拘性少铁约芯勇材挣料锦造萄成瞎的详。局如中果拔假野定摔变光压山器斗中项没锈有义其华他餐的刊电今能风损亩耗酱一适次仆侧察的恐感候应谨电岭动偏势烧E秀p好和押二遵次溜侧扒的话感荒应畏电摧压博E热s夏可倍以殃表芹示修出牙来肌。月因扭为硬一借次坏侧赤绕沟组毒中夺的窑磁独通芦会星通看过康二翁次亲绕袍组妖，介依茎据夫法沃拉温第被电缸磁司感朝应蚁定占律茂，西二而次慨侧坏绕乳组筹中假将霞产条生趣一闹个政电盖动驳势耻E体，控即侍E务=客N柔Δ胸φ向/凡Δ作t钻。陵相述同阶的矩磁杨通愧会恐通种过艇原锈边痒自庄身讨，脱产击生把一端个运电奔动忘势韵E盆p万。据正晌如之前抹文浴中腔讨醋论蜜到捆的胁，看所秧产逼生技的远电伟压混必盒定桨滞集后桐于趣磁沟通肢9宜0阴º爸，真因让此桐，烛它犯于沙施扬加泻的袭电鱼压档有改1朽8疼0忽º捧的耍相适位吐差伴。钻因亮为规没鼻有豪电蹦流掌流协过册二迟次沫侧滥绕踢组醋，础E茄s帐=摆V激s蛋。风一储次领侧哄空弱载浸电爹流乘很犁小斤，栗仅辈为抹满舌载枝电旨流挎的滋百待分叶之反几色。芳因陕此榆原秃边蝶电祸压吹很它小船，为并间且研V衬p嫩的萝值屠近斑乎珍等厉于愧E努p拦。脚原含边传的聚电距压窗和持它赞产静生役的投磁背通续波房形克是毒正斥弦聋形荐的井；刮因现此办产显生甘电币动弓势置E筑p性和欧E佛s畜的糠值裙是乎做菠正匀弦胡变盛化亚的斥。和产矿生旗电钞压鞠的野平准均壶值编如视下耳E锈a招v哲g洒=定t腿u串r肢n季s符×悟即锋是须法员拉曲第罩定件律催在谨瞬垫时胁时艰间蒸里选的堆应处用莫。姜它递遵遣循益E卸a饺v饿g肤=阅N讨=剥4把f系N格φ根m滥其蔑中芬N讨是气指蹦线静圈尿的侧匝究数恼。屿从疮交世流冶电肚原丸理丘可促知耍，龟有截效罢值柄是址一苏个介正妹弦炸波雁，膀其催值果为岭平糖均臣电拴压恐的树1舒.债1仪1苏倍三；屋因践此纪E芝=诞4材.帜4侄4架f钳N约φ霉m涝因奇为剥一品次堆侧概绕毫组哈和肤二晨次垄侧久绕纹组泡的悬磁蜜通缺相树等海，需所勤以促绕暮组眨中丸每著匝芳的训电许压文也迹相严同怪。脊因斩此怀E骂p虎=宏4滚.柜4肺4油f阿N股p预φ逐m副并议且祥E筛s键=炎4拦.演4俗4汗f剩N煮s唱φ荡m印其蜘中兔N刻p女和渔E妙s驶是再一胳次铅侧笔绕括组远和终二低次偿侧球绕御组弟的浓匝黎数预。粗一缸次很侧犹和坐二铜次谦侧炭电谊压嘉增竹长应的棉比言率怜称赖做悄变丰比盆。秆用架字妈母传a役来里表近示隔这起个喘比洪率上，凯如侨下蛇式蒙a令=违=窃假站设窃变共压出器恐输条出拴电冈能鼓等么于厘其遗输跌入修电木能捏—货—睁这焰个嫁假起设研适假用惕于吃高增效排率励的奏变亚压蹦器岸。镇实军际拨上酬我寄们到是仗考钟虑前一箭台冷理梨想鼓状劝态社下崭的本变虎压之器梅；汗这惰意康味额着沿它置没咸有被任绪何薯损嚼耗页。领因拢此历P港m榴=鼠P堂o脾u蛾t摔或轰者见V乡p固I简p草×临讽p流r卸i亏m千a友r不y御亦P徒F水侍=沿掌V闸s角I辩s满×件饰s普e寒c决o醒n肤d流a俱r狗y集覆P汇F懂这屠里两P稻F恨代卵表蜜功鸣率益因叛素炭。乳在兼上辱面败公嚼式策中蚂一路次默侧候和毛二奖次秘侧得的锻功做率回因税素匙是撒相成等许的倾；鲁因旁此盟V库p田I纸p跳川=映验V煌s次I雄s床从升上巡式嗓我川们星可缎以舌得轨知茧认=询海≌锋≌燕杨a曲它舅表框明束端厨电选压河比千等皮于哥匝碎数波比艇，细换弊句窃话痕说弦，凡一茄次辛侧充和千二悉次亦侧添电慢流耗比瓦与仅匝堂数河比瞎成雄反丹比碰。旧匝匹数球比叉可另以爬衡段量亭二救次碗侧被电勇压衫相估对园于供一储次庸恻虹电阵压密是家升彻高残或狡者适是胀降特低宁。艳为库了钩计辫算枕电喂压雕，晶我普们甘需婶要征更绳多肤数拴据远。偶终前端寨电月压漏的浊比哈率浴变璃化遗有且些韵根假据慈负筒载扑和拣它浊的谜功紧率娃因逐素贝。扣实尘际翠上影,挪乓变木比膜从孕标恨识冠牌潜数倘据趟获活得社,告川列寇出犯在武满胖载薄情著况赚下借原塌边把和妈副冤边泽电落压掘。坑璃阶巷胀当燕副例边轮电鼓压雷V洪s附相鉴对班于用原砖边变电即压总减株小局时炒，喘这兰个述变脊压掏器绿就迹叫播做绪降皇压销变娘压持器陷。驴如净果槽这情个登电抛压屑是沙升老高妇的晓，秆它斑就郊是摇一现个芦升压压巨变宽压株器独。缎在杰一偶个坑降栽压类变竹压海器很中尝传旗输墓变蓄比吩a笔远随大笼于英1幻(肺a秧>汤1默.沫0鞠)叹，哑同模样竹的纷，团一侧个测升旬压烘变素压剑器耗的眉变庸比屑小盗于朋1捡(揉a悼<炭1取.杜0念)挡。冰当日a母=掀1顺时谨，却变棕压扛器佣的就二昏次触侧分电患压缺就奇等莲于隔起师一伍次脉侧册电盾压诊。教这罩是胶一插种弄特鹿殊淋类语型买的设变央压尖器度，苍可性被烘应衔用允于港当色一止次厉侧枯和浅二疤次菌侧击需赠要膜相拳互季绝丝缘作以戏维欲持拔相暖同胞的决电丛压寸等届级膝的俊状孕况过下内。阅因番此可，黑我置们贡把绿这侮种泥类阴型律的库变股压羡器淡称遵为兆绝梳缘如型犹变姥压睬器豆。询显小然融，生铁原芯对中餐的圈电额磁氧通患形筋成容了蛋连猾接除原转边若和转副挤边庸的惕回训路线。桃在贪第独四括部静分锣我乎们档会贱了渠解蛛到估当撕变妄压腿器塞带傻负吹荷犁运狐行企时瓜一腿次慰侧信绕赌组鄙电恭流骗是大如酒何坟随佛着酷二邻次哪侧乡负献荷箭电掀流干变置化缝而姻变脱化拦的昆。乓从溜电帜源箩侧淋来读看康变贵压第器映，饶其探阻留抗充可序认凡为笼等示于根V桶p旦士/变I嫂p然。质从捐等莫式针车结=浇阵≌小≌幸薯a忍中舌我灵们超可悟知昌V谦p申僚=就若a立V查s顺并紫且店I览p阳截=哪鄙I谊s叮/仇a终。饰根湿据络V架s政和饼I躺s闲，望可胜得胜V柱p心和廉I翼p贱的余比庭例嫁是县骑=渡漂于=群峡但漠是桨V缝s屡散/奉I兄s飞脉负版荷吓阻黄抗识Z持L更，决因稿此冻我裤们探可旦以士这醋样逆表跟示胞Z哪m搂妇(暖p厦r经i掠m捧a浩r炕y越)瞒芳=烧梯a各2谣Z适L冲这菌个农等尽式靠表腥明川二荡次板侧祥连愉接疤的锹阻津抗才折鬼算飘到胖电册源暗侧套，寒其档值岸为止原侍来尿的叙a虹2猜倍纪。站我焰们辛把衬这波种耳折弦算左方挽式项称诊为档负腊载菠阻选抗汽向炸一峡次小侧洒的佛折半算魔。迅这轿个兰公拣式倡应比用轻于挪变惕压愿器怎的浇阻么抗坛匹扑配钢。步4苗.柏慕有芦载磨情总况幅下队的威变舟压摔器始一面次娃侧汪电屯压蔬和锈二寒次史侧窗电决压株有汗着碍相土同誉的银极着性绘，须一钥般禽习始惯芬上乘用沸点罗记圆号扶表悉示满。歌如闸果闲点捞号速同衔在急线且圈奋的赴上食端钥，宪就临意率味鼻着篮它搏们托的制极铅性晌相发同弓。嚼因六此系当跑二尼次补侧员连妻接捎着贪一涛个拥负召载裙时摇，五在目瞬斩间华就候有俊一惩个哗负待荷泥电音流悄沿携着盈这诉个闲方捞向盘产底生泼。拾换渗句烈话妹说盆，书极勺性纯的云标醒注屿可革以高表略明球当案电腿流企流惰过泼两泡侧贷的扎线备圈津时幅，纸线昌圈罪中泊的徒磁盼动统势思会艳增眯加淋。兄总演的寒来据说足，僚变垦压志器择为遇了忠保姐持荐磁粪通装是象常纷数辟，虫对住磁龟通屿变匪化喂的死响她应甚是室瞬三时浩的撑。满更浆重脚要置的康是贱，菜在后空龄载艇和衫满象载演时栋，冤主别磁祸通覆φ丙0尤的遣降雅落逮是变很僻少陷的拦（爬一怖般践在和）凉1心至章3傲%册。雀其格需储要蛙的或条棵件歉是刃E扇降召落呈很亚多亭来秩使男电摧流站I患p堆增犁加凑。束在排一勺次筋侧局，粗电遭流岸I愁p那’滥在芹一址次尤侧虑流蜂过尖以颜平抽衡土I雪s逝产盒生湾的纲影蛾响养。浇它饥的垫磁判动是势房N突p蚀I添p营’叮只册停棵留查在评一丹次葵侧贤。蔽因昏为贝铁牙芯田的忍磁蹈通羽φ糠0卡保惭持孤不晨变煎，盲变养压货器涨空端载赠时财空贞载唉电未流翁I稼0革必霉定帝会镰为散其垃提帆供恼能寿量冻。氏故叠一弹次舍侧伸电悉流垒I同p耽是侍电流流洪I乌p妖’带与丙I佩0疑’触的吉和被。泄因胆为岂空薯载则电醋流宅相蚕对般较毅小公，遭那烫么碍一盟次五侧妹的夸安尸匝菊数记与竭二脖次筹侧助的尾安租匝伍数受相纪等悼的洲假尽设跳是创成言立厘的趋。注因死为斧在躬这堂种度状外况塑下辛铁皂芯翅的参磁舟通或是仇恒猾定重的恐。棵因秩此率我绘们代仍捏旧宅可拨以罚认虫定答空滴载再电砍流药I顾0星相认对度于唉满狱载狡电侮流澡是蒸极堂其猎小捆的洗。召当王一资个肠电普流背流琴过假二贼次涂侧广绕穿组仗，墨它查的盟磁象动积势爹（天N来s盐I虹s命）港将鞭产厚生严一命个锅磁子通肾，放于立空它载银电胶流遣I粪0俗产六生蒜的冲磁滑通皂φ能0走不挡同凝，牵它袄只脉停书留怎在总二抛次廊侧狂绕吗组宽中潜。牌因莲为森这卸个冻磁均通阻不卷流毒过画一条次老侧勒绕急组趋，暂所拒以涂它糕不涝是细一今个稼公翅共须磁胳通倾。虾另嫌外辟，住流找过递一黄次餐侧与绕巡组怠的剖负鼻载姜电拣流辽只脆在末一艘次灶侧御绕烛组证中党产五生讨磁青通讽，结这卷个姨磁沾通玩被参称续为僚一女次延侧蝴的材漏庄磁填。坏二要次宰侧盐漏狡磁由将叠使欧电脱压当增骗大即以速保来持渴两赚侧居电朵压键的碗平装衡折。袍一抗次找侧项漏铁磁劫也柏一昌样进。答因株此沿，微这朴两闻个挪增亩大收的以电肿压俱具坑有爱电迷压零降秆的朱性昨质哀，舟总分称续为低漏市电配抗汗电马压雁降序。遵另减外轰，购两虹侧然绕相组缺同穗样育具演有杰阻膀抗脂，丘这担也秃将河产村生芳一微个那电讲阻晨压捐降灾。泻把碍这保些矛附蜻加股的笋电亚压勒降星也漂考界虑日在婚内犯，体这转样袖一坟个粗实画际肌的芝变晓压野器必的泪等浅值沿电涌路形图灿就裤完狠成格了姻。碗由析于正分延支归励肝磁蜓体赤现酷在箭电饼流离里饿，词为摄了净分辫析宜我铺们瓣可详以钓将荡它辫忽说略梦。剂这看就菜符搞我垮们退前放面馅计贺算好中末可违以乒忽吓略舟空垦载熟电伐流册的瞎假包设销。因这源证贞明忘了劝它擦对汪我屈们浑分协析秆变豆压学器毅时款所稠产考生租的顿影痒响汁微于乎词其再微爽。碑因辨为晚电暂压糠降动与榨负疑载筐电相流栋成粒比给例份关颤系面，宽这妈就岩意或味摇着丸空团载利情敢况屿下折一鄙次巨侧倾和圆二昌次锦侧谢绕志组凝的惕电只压旋降香都唱为仔零限。末T扁R浅A趋N笨S惑F拌O配R括M藏E伍R忍A弱b塔s坊t蚊r释a访c蚂t把：狠T奖h乏e筝歼t滋r你a却n异s绪f缘o布r握m却e声r挡救i龟s虹齿t电h绪e举控t馒r由a板n熄s住f许o掉r沫m完e些r瓣寨s向u企b屡s惯t决a领t市i矿o校n刻昏m个a匙j哪o掌r须党i喜n挽s盆t栋a扰l擦l兄a速t挺i飘o词n汇,帮显t自h束e鼻箩f怎u联n占c扣t悄i谷o躁n漠模r杀e锹a径l走i缸z惑e窝s琴将t苏h雷e白宽n健e阔t忌w念o秆r或k峡现v怠o辣l只t戚a闲g牢e垮派r他a族n拦k陈羞t晚r宜a淘n板s被f拴o弊r殖m假a众t丸i舱o握n去,哀浪t惊h上e拆买k绘e歇y刺耳j陡o伟b苏维p娃r励i育n错c第i绍p萌l态e嘱夺i侨s容掘t跪h织e饮运e吩l持e闻c观t失r若o死m巡a井g旦n郊e维t睁i盼c仇写i缺n袖d舌u垫c抖t照i批o夏n偶.淹C叮h劣a炼n声g唐e犹s汇尊t专h阴e松侍s抛u备b屡s兰t套a兼t弃i未o堂n折庭i许s誓亮r眯e彼a片l卵i症z幕e都s鸡盘t壁h纱e秩脖v理o蛮l沾t勒a骄g译e帝羊c幕l猾a住s屿s瑞带t良r凤a黑n耳s惰f愧o垂r橡m馒a辰t甜i婚o衰n酱炊a吼n剥d购剪t促h毫e典谋e开l阅e友c惊t愁r涨i纷c况a螺l底重e皆n崖e器r海g陪y昆却a泽s汗s伤i崭g纪n坡m角e去n奖t夺宣p列l男a撒c骑e维.敬葱C狠a寻r烈r岭i矛e盲s孟德o箭n行是t超h锁e辟嗓v淡o验l扛t哀a蜓g弦e宫慧c虾l王a姑s桑s怖呢t相r恋a问n添s树f获o求r薄m仙a妨t绣i狠o胳n零抓t误o浓耕t扮h屋e缺炒e夜l撕e施c来t斥r始i班c胡居p占o漆w轿e曾r贪习s妙u季p扫p始l昆y叮,将研d抵e朗a桨l侄s爪昨w缘i谋t叔h踢沉t飞h戏e月粪p眼l请a拨c杂e舒毕w渡h启i盾c础h夏广t怪h薄e滔珠e萄l怕e吊c起t节r践i他c廉a拿l园折e搁n躲e杯r赠g特y拣棉c匆a取r裳r搂i膊e缺s痰廊o终n牵漂r闪e甩d薯i圾s屡t徐r警i稀b制u笔t喘e翻s听撕t惊o悼猜b历e熄尺c炸a发l狭l凳e云d泥表t泪h嘱e熔掠t鸭r叫a光n捏s爆f毅o侵r歌m狂e瓦r邪终s补u片b尚s英t代a松t捞i道o询n瓦.眉电C陷o仪n漫s航t绵r煎u厅c槽t遗s墙裕t轰h恶e冈失t拔r骄a某n额s铅f造o雁r晕m锦e递r负找s绍u璃b竟s毙t挺a织t悉i钳o只n灿玉i钓s呈剖f惧o抖r煎蜡e大l叙e际c揪t虹r捞i已c畏a缴l锄辛p争o扭w著e权r夹冤d辆i井s锄t堪r齿i生b杰u墓t喷i机o面n挣逐s衬y节s散t讨e丧m陆'些s汁乘k隆e炒y戒椒p筐o撒s熊i申t论i尊o据n束,杀牢t陵h尤e厕短e浴l盟e付c招t视r教i趋c俱花p式o阻w锡e稻r然塞s雾u奉p虽p最l梢y数镰d痒i筹r标e锯c再t咏s午诊t意h泥e抗伴t庄r山a品n左s锯f下o蚁r蛇m漫e桑r熟烤s梨u焦b致s纪t栗a栽t垮i艳o厉n焰锤f载r盲o张m职足t拨h向e喷肚e炸l娱e畜c信t平r粱i氏c求a伸l潜猾n笑e南t摆w州o储r钻k贩,研菌c域o惧m漂p舒l胜e娇t蹄e敲s还率t绢h绸e穷详v追o源l脊t纤a赶g乌e伸吉d青r久o涂p鱼p扬i侄n李g管藏i万n貌禾t菌h比e损辛t眯r羞a瞒n纱s昆f哲o磨r蚁m上e莫r芳话s淘u烈b委s狐t葱a使t棋i狠o汁n找,好膜f坚u顾n奉c浸t时i君o干n馅s担受a喊n赛d挡长s种o匆闻o弹n恩拦e际l映e亲c即t窄r肌i胀c萄a绸l解诸e侵n核e底r斩g缎y剧鬼a两s铅s群i洪g廉n希m解e切n绝t行.米K贿e滔y疲-位w益o清r蛛d抱s厕:读绞驶s恶u搬b蝶s橡t圆a轻t险i查o坑n甩；挪t灶r鉴a摊n吵s专f疲o圣r谢m俘e娱r见；爆R颗e姨l赤a壶y博笛p衔r是o都t条e普c畜t卧i幅o漠n背；攻1体.泉依I场N辫T嘱R逼O仔D敬U但C肾T厚I危O白N从T薪h望e觉冠h棍i读g谅h谅-养v滋o唇l删t芳a涂g尿e要品t轿r遮a愿n烘s摩m晓i争s弄s短i脆o棚n风撇w确a貌s吹昼n素e甩e横d跨耳f吹o课r怎廉t眨h娇e帝剃c治a席s归e薯册e蛙l乓e毙c恒t温r怎i该c撇a蔑l松件p视o纱w虫e最r婚正i歉s恼茧t萄o毫旧b呆e律驼p袍r爱o偶v语i托d抚e其d犯平a从t纲留c屯o拜n披s焦i避d渔e鹿r盲a辟b坊l帆e吩踩d隆i怀s尾t迅a盟n欢c殿e肌酬f糕r渗o猜m源田a粮堡g坝e垂n慧e个r专a梦t阔i寇n舅g钳这s岁t通a即t烤i佩o挪n拴.约写A团t纽赴s燥o押m浸e领担p叶o眼i唇n支t签平t驰h雾i叛s戚闹h僵i庙g挖h胜表v设o报l就t破a层g阔e绍看m议u棒s腾t建医b竖e略弦r悟e声d如u店c蝇e哑d佩,俊腹b播e纤c键a瘦u奉s傻e毛廊u继l要t犬i申m贪a窃t冷e饥l蚀y俗佣i壶s匆牌m猎u恶s枝t冻判s贱u吴p瓣p海l帐y缠镜a裙议l洽o大a铅d仅.临迹T火h妇e忧婶t竭r胖a掠n症s酷f芝o脆r泽m碰e雅r纽衬m漫a嗽k馒e胆s岗毫i家t拢窜p坦o勾s膛s望i终b爱l遥e糠僻f钻o仍r霸删v防a坝r警i竿o脱u环s起惭p补a意r龙t删s毒丽o遮f柿咱a宾吴p沉o切w存e盒r球百s料y赴s奸t份e华m培朋t萝o佩伏o概p毅e康r享a慎t钱e暖茫a散t阅睛d旦i古f仗f则e共r证e艰n黄t烧易v叶o黎l克t执a扮g庄e躬梁l剧e偿v吐e亭l妨s无.造铅I影n陵凝t捷h选i黑s效帜p博a宽p的e棚r墙昂w写e游触d耐i鼠s挨c码u叔s热s核怒p缩o获w灶e更r缎猎t残r熄a见n涉s浑f类o宫r禽m毅e恰r损哄p最r绸i齐n萄c帐i下p径l图e水s卸说a瓶n铁d运叙a扭p武p煮l刘i熔c吴a南t迈i僻o哨n造s司.圣2舍.肢飘T杰O邀W者-截W最I看N夜D洒I拢N婆G裤鼻T睬R彼A武N假S椒F瑞O历R允M纯E龄R嫌S蚕A半杠t征r赠a正n微s果f鄙o盲r丙m件e点r淋厘i齐n味语i扩t劣s树真s和i窑m啊p贵l狗e号s搅t捞遇f仿o验r染m扫随c若o渐n收s滩i太s膝t偿s谱菜o败f浑把t朗w勤o妖杀s锤t絮a杂t菌i蓄o骆n执a旨r额y榴抽c破o事i绸l美s小遵c芒o见u宵p铲l上e臂d逢条b苏y现脚a递呢m蠢u丛t件u成a箩l买室m斥a愁g垂n法e墙t静i飞c虑蹦f旬l山u白x汤.核宰T橡h残e妨短c匀o甜i棍l混s膀炼a史r蜂e竭歌s桥a饶i揪d债寻t姨o裂辫b亚e叉答m化u欧t引u默a围l利l痕y连腐c夕o渐u酒p副l街e庸d兼陪b国e洞c膊a斜u队s凳e丹吗t帐h轰e颗y馋致l躺i坛n蝴k食督a甚驶c诞o汪m双m亡o哭n蹲蒸f浆l宰u云x僻.兆I甘n还缝p凡o取w筒e拍r料廉a宪p汤p鼠l谊i舅c厕a款t梅i浅o阶n肯s厅,栏剩l宾a悼m膜i效n护a股t辉e燕d宜雹s蜘t堤e粱e认l泡炮c漏o问r寨e半息t疏r蒸a喇n税s围f迁o谱r春m屋e康r他s慌此(膝t诞o幕密w盾h根i嚼c后h少渗t轻h戚i配s弊症p窜a渗p叫e式r词樱i爹s众确r变e领s器t裂r达i带c倚t兔e皆d选)衡凶a委r据e妥队u闹s逝e显d巨.格驰T薪r再a凑n埋s干f肾o哈r妖m皱e翠r残s克赴a援r料e废粒e胆f敬f勾i谨c给i乌e秆n性t惜封b蚊e唤c桥a载u高s习e渡保t倦h忙e跟蝴r剂o挺t例a方t尤i定o棵n珍a晚l宾大l延o仅s袖s唉e化s竖寇n磁o荐r墨m悼a稳l验l接y薄键a之s蛾s蚁o驱c单i滔a陡t垫e涨d趟比w赌i怀t槐h跃兴r逆o弃t龟a宫t迹i止n梨g邀膀m辱a董c勉h裕i务n坦e叼湖a野r兼e吐韵a宅b沙s练e格n米t症,逮挥s捷o狭苍r点e原l五a嚷t搜i铸v逗e宾l元y侦修l职i苹t灰t胳l评e雀蚂p贱o遗w白e冰r辜娃i疗s币妻l写o梅s商t齿姑w库h永e粉n眨京t开r艳a担n叙s率f顶o能r淋m珠i哄n敲g宏茄p香o跑w记e雁r构孕f未r询o叉m柜圾o丛n闹e奋欠v旱o钉l铸t去a颗g颂e导库l顿e逗v驾e究l强餐t灵o征竖a好n乐o田t郑h调e洞r蔽.犁京T夫y折p裙i聚c丛a合l称音e第f楼f肆i单c适i驾e换n好c董i顶e岗s羡柿a赵r丽e交牛i忙n捕镇t捎h蝴e丝浸r省a怕n心g搜e思侄9撇2掩考t附o定染9怠9胆%服,扇仇t融h爹e涝盐h州i锋g旦h辫e拆r泛与v编a盗l装u百e刻s注墙a锡p令p倚l负y浅i餐n腊g弓希t帝o却鬼t拉h设e话梅l废a白r度g巧e金r评则p周o消w敬e稠r很列t埋r漫a绪n队s渣f恶o央r商m佳e悠r众s座.透T蚂h催e汪漏c胶u慧r锡r贴e德n小t狱进f碧l干o络w命i姿n摘g拦大i苹n抱孕t雷h礼e盛绩c桥o墨i辱l棋醋c涨o末n抄n打e合c疑t集e陡d猾咏t摇o梨宜t旗h声e醒暴a厌c距祥s僻o蝶u球r梦c醉e故督i挪s段啦c隙a惩l您l魄e当d存蹄t哀h饶e芳获p忧r箭i凡m习a扔r拥y膨吗w秀i完n锄d泥i鬼n错g蜓阶o宅r真捷s优i净m窜p厦l侍y暗棋t着h聚e版劳p围r滴i丝m众a属r隐y跟.稠染I灰t匹疏s松e秋t孝s梢侵u课p引盆t纤h维e荒妻f惧l匠u停x傻滩φ恩柱i乞n瓣烈t棉h五e它大c诵o蓝r悬e变,奔页w剑h吸i镜c胞h伸葛v肤a阴r嗽i乖e腊s巨德p块e负r饲i值o桂d况i罪c肠a济l瓣l纽y工蚁b哄o傻t碍h辩跳i犬n敞房m盐a赚g总n杰i削t充u咬d猎e客臂a障n厨d律恭d触i怪r愉e恶c肃t死i眉o占n厉.律隔T馅h镇e零魄f残l忠u猎x集点l赌i巧n锋k枯s血聋t也h释e积扔s集e缓c运o织n屠d晴拼c束o随i牺l简,侧燥c板a暑l席l错e俘d除乒t巴h盒e准犁s丸e烧c戒o弟n堡d交a梁r毒y草幻w窝i凉n知d寒i刮n品g躬衬o胡r故羊s筋i笨m子p剪l澡y蜂替s作e示c再o悔n怎d恐a角r场y岛.节海T扰h末e世宅f悬l贤u洲x倾婶i彻s筐抗c宅h受a亚n牢g灶i揉n哈g昆;省忽t筐h食e资r提e那f亦o鞠r晓e浆,穷谣i钳t惰晋i星n包d拜u俭c犯e茫s肚壶a越眼v漠o搏l冤t绝a睬g绩e顽聚i伶n风拳t语h忧e尽摸s恋e术c匹o裤n恭d算a丘r丽y晶鼓b乓y染风e肝l凑e赴c柏t乌r疑o僻m乏a税g户n胸e界t睡i喜c检平i质n其d每u木c屋t垂i米o铜n贝傍i席n想滔a咽c倒c侵o否r项d授a踩n地c元e盟误w抗i单t亏h利兽L蜂e废n骆z樱’列s状哄l害a搂w缸.题基T顽h哗u稳s虹米t革h筑e纹供p国r肝i范m兼a坏r浮y幅榜r跑e升c顶e暖i疗v亮e渠s皮公i非t启s疑盟p轿o累w也e罢r松验f预r砍o马m赴抵t过h开e庙尘s难o霸u钟r捎c炕e活物w防h薪i证l塞e延哨t谱h纤e腾达s政e变c寇o泽n川d益a聋r芽y巡草s全u否p良p会l并i桑e妻s户别t盯h组i使s妥妻p考o支w吼e水r谨锯t暮o江捧t借h诊e纪右l卸o减a吧d猜.土欺T喉h移i拖s嚷袄a寨c末t罚i蒜o狐n捎窑i率s眠猴k溜n断o煌w姓n严激a财s锤绑t宏r银a扩n断s焰f聚o部r筑m米e民r碗杂a无c趁t帆i面o百n酬.3.TRANSFORMERPRINCIPLESWhenasinusoidalvoltageVpisappliedtotheprimarywiththesecondaryopen-circuited,therewillbenoenergytransfer.TheimpressedvoltagecausesasmallcurrentIθtoflowintheprimarywinding.Thisno-loadcurrenthastwofunctions:(1)itproducesthemagneticfluxinthecore,whichvariessinusoidallybetweenzeroandφm,whereφmisthemaximumvalueofthecoreflux;and(2)itprovidesacomponenttoaccountforthehysteresisandeddycurrentlossesinthecore.Therecombinedlossesarenormallyreferredtoasthecorelosses.Theno-loadcurrentIθisusuallyfewpercentoftheratedfull-loadcurrentofthetransformer(about2to5%).Sinceatno-loadtheprimarywindingactsasalargereactanceduetotheironcore,theno-loadcurrentwilllagtheprimaryvoltagebynearly90º.ItisreadilyseenthatthecurrentcomponentIm=I0sinθ0,calledthemagnetizingcurrent,is90ºinphasebehindtheprimaryvoltageVP.Itisthiscomponentthatsetsupthefluxinthecore;φisthereforeinphasewithIm.Thesecondcomponent,Ie=I0sinθ0,isinphasewiththeprimaryvoltage.Itisthecurrentcomponentthatsuppliesthecorelosses.Thephasorsumofthesetwocomponentsrepresentstheno-loadcurrent,orI0=Im+IeItshouldbenotedthattheno-loadcurrentisdistortesandnonsinusoidal.Thisistheresultofthenonlinearbehaviorofthecorematerial.Ifitisassumedthattherearenootherlossesinthetransformer,theinducedvoltageIntheprimary,Epandthatinthesecondary,Escanbeshown.Sincethemagneticfluxsetupbytheprimarywinding，therewillbeaninducedEMFEinthesecondarywindinginaccordancewithFaraday’slaw,namely,E=NΔφ/Δt.Thissamefluxalsolinkstheprimaryitself,inducinginitanEMF,Ep.Asdiscussedearlier,theinducedvoltagemustlagthefluxby90º,therefore,theyare180ºoutofphasewiththeappliedvoltage.Sincenocurrentflowsinthesecondarywinding,Es=Vs.Theno-loadprimarycurrentI0issmall,afewpercentoffull-loadcurrent.ThusthevoltageintheprimaryissmallandVpisnearlyequaltoEp.Theprimaryvoltageandtheresultingfluxaresinusoidal;thustheinducedquantitiesEpandEsvaryasasinefunction.TheaveragevalueoftheinducedvoltagegivenbyEavg=turns×whichisFaraday’slawappliedtoafinitetimeinterval.ItfollowsthatEavg=N=4fNφmwhichNisthenumberofturnsonthewinding.Formaccircuittheory,theeffectiveorroot-mean-square(rms)voltageforasinewaveis1.11timestheaveragevoltage;thusE=4.44fNφmSincethesamefluxlinkswiththeprimaryandsecondarywindings,thevoltageperturnineachwindingisthesame.HenceEp=4.44fNpφmandEs=4.44fNsφmwhereEpandEsarethenumberofturnontheprimaryandsecondarywindings,respectively.Theratioofprimarytosecondaryinducedvoltageiscalledthetransformationratio.Denotingthisratiobya,itisseenthata==Assumethattheoutputpowerofatransformerequalsitsinputpower,notabadsumptioninpracticeconsideringthehighefficiencies.Whatwereallyaresayingisthatwearedealingwithanidealtransformer;thatis,ithasnolosses.ThusPm=PoutorVpIp×primaryPF=VsIs×secondaryPFwherePFisthepowerfactor.Fortheabove-statedassumptionitmeansthatthepowerfactoronprimaryandsecondarysidesareequal;thereforeVpIp=VsIsfromwhichisobtained=≌≌aItshowsthatasanapproximationtheterminalvoltageratioequalstheturnsratio.Theprimaryandsecondarycurrent,ontheotherhand,areinverselyrelatedtotheturnsratio.Theturnsratiogivesameasureofhowmuchthesecondaryvoltageisraisedorloweredinrelationtotheprimaryvoltage.Tocalculatethevoltageregulation,weneedmoreinformation.Theratiooftheterminalvoltagevariessomewhatdependingontheloadanditspowerfactor.Inpractice,thetransformationratioisobtainedfromthenameplatedata,whichlisttheprimaryandsecondaryvoltageunderfull-loadcondition.WhenthesecondaryvoltageVsisreducedcomparedtotheprimaryvoltage,thetransformationissaidtobeastep-downtransformer:conversely,ifthisvoltageisraised,itiscalledastep-uptransformer.Inastep-downtransformerthetransformationratioaisgreaterthanunity(a>1.0),whileforastep-uptransformeritissmallerthanunity(a<1.0).Intheeventthata=1,thetransformersecondaryvoltageequalstheprimaryvoltage.Thisisaspecialtypeoftransformerusedininstanceswhereelectricalisolationisrequiredbetweentheprimaryandsecondarycircuitwhilemaintainingthesamevoltagelevel.Therefore,thistransformerisgenerallyknowsasanisolationtransformer.Asisapparent,itisthemagneticfluxinthecorethatformstheconnectinglinkbetweenprimaryandsecondarycircuit.Insection4itisshownhowtheprimarywindingcurrentadjustsitselftothesecondaryloadcurrentwhenthetransformersuppliesaload.Lookingintothetransformerterminalsfromthesource,animpedanceisseenwhichbydefinitionequalsVp/Ip.From=≌≌a,wehaveVp=aVsandIp=Is/a.IntermsofVsandIstheratioofVptoIpis==ButVs/IsistheloadimpedanceZLthuswecansaythatZm(primary)=a2ZLThisequationtellsusthatwhenanimpedanceisconnectedtothesecondaryside,itappearsfromthesourceasanimpedancehavingamagnitudethatisa2timesitsactualvalue.Wesaythattheloadimpedanceisreflectedorreferredtotheprimary.Itisthispropertyoftransformersthatisusedinimpedance-matchingapplications.4.TRANSFORMERSUNDERLOADTheprimaryandsecondaryvoltagesshownhavesimilarpolarities,asindicatedbythe“dot-making”convention.Thedotsneartheupperendsofthewindingshavethesamemeaningasincircuittheory;themarkedterminalshavethesamepolarity.Thuswhenaloadisconnectedtothesecondary,theinstantaneousloadcurrentisinthedirectionshown.Inotherwords,thepolaritymarkingssignifythatwhenpositivecurrententersbothwindingsatthemarkedterminals,theMMFsofthetwowindingsadd.Ingeneral,itwillbefoundthatthetransformerreactsalmostinstantaneouslytokeeptheresultantcorefluxessentiallyconstant.Moreover,thecorefluxφ0dropsveryslightlybetweennoloadandfullload(about1to3%),anecessaryconditionifEpistofallsufficientlytoallowanincreaseinIp.Ontheprimaryside,Ip’isthecurrentthatflowsintheprimarytobalancethedemagnetizingeffectofIs.ItsMMFNpIp’setsupafluxlinkingtheprimaryonly.Sincethecorefluxφ0remainsconstant.I0mustbethesamecurrentthatenergizesthetransformeratnoload.TheprimarycurrentIpis