人教版八年级上册英语Unit3知识点梳理及语法讲义（学生版）

八年级上册英语Unit3知识点与语法精讲精练词汇梳理词汇梳理（一）完成单词梳理：名词：1.比赛；竞赛2.镜子3.小孩；年轻人4.成绩等级5.手6.谚语；格言7.内心；心脏8.现实；事实9.信息；消息10.手臂；上肢动词：1.获胜；赢2.在意；关心3.应该；应当4.伸手；到达5.感动；触摸6.损坏7.分享；共享；共用副词：1.喧闹地；大声地；响亮地2.轻声地；轻柔地；安静地3.清楚地；清晰地；明白地4.真正；确实形容词：1.爱交际的；友好的；外向的2.工作努力的；辛勤的3.极好的；了不起的4.有才能的；有才干的5.严肃的；稳重的6.必需的；必要的7.响亮的；大声的8.相像的；类似的9.最初的；最早的兼类词：1.（adj/pron）两个；两个都2.（adj/adv）较好的（地）；更好的（地）3.（pron/adj）哪一个；哪一些4.（adv）不过；可是；然而（conj）虽然；尽管；不过5.（v）笑；发笑（n）笑声(二)词汇变形小结：1.good/well(adj/adv.好的)—(比较级)—(最高级)2.loud(adj.大声的)—(adv.喧闹地)3.quiet(adj.安静的)—(adv.安静地)4.petition(n.竞争；比赛)—(v.竞争；比赛)5.clearly(adv.清楚地；清晰地)—(adj.清楚的；清晰的)6.win(v.赢；获胜)—(过去式)—(n.获胜者)7.talented(adj.有才能的)—(n.才能；天赋)8.truly(adv.真正；确实)—(adj.真正的)—(n.真实；真相)9.care(v.在意；关心)—(adj.认真的；细心的)10.serious(adj.严肃的；稳重的)—(adv.严重地；严肃地)11.say(v.说)—(n.谚语；格言)12.touch(v.感动；触摸)—(adj.令人感动的)—(adj.感动的)13.break(v.破坏)—(过去式)【练一练】用所给词的适当形式填空ClassSix(win)thebasketballgamebutourclasslostthegame.Myfriendlikestellingjokes.Heoftenmakesus(laugh)happily.Be___________(quietly)!Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.IthinkLindadances____________(well)thanKate.Studentscan’tspeak____________(loud)inthelibrary.Althoughheisonlytwoyearsold,hecanspeak(clear).Theteachertoldustofindoutsome(information)aboutourcountryandshareitnextweek.I’m(true)sorrythatthingshadtoendlikethis.Lastnightwesawamovieanditmadeus(touch).Idon'tthink(different)areimportantinafriendship.(三)短语攻关：关心；在意 在……有天赋 ……和……都 敲鼓 歌唱比赛 与……相像的 使显现 和……相同与……不同只要 事实上 小学 取得好成绩 做某事很开心 让某人做某事 想要做某事 交朋友像……一样知识点梳理知识点梳理1.BothSamandTomcanplaythedrums,butSamplaysthembetterthanTom.萨姆和汤姆都会敲鼓，但是萨姆比汤姆敲得好。【用法详解】（1）both作形容词，置于被修饰的名词前。Eg.Lookatthetreesonbothsidesofthestreets.看街道两边的树。（2）both作代词，可单独使用，也可用于both...of...结构。用作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Eg.—Whichonedoyouwant?你想要哪一个?—I’lltakeboth.我两个都要。BothofmyparentsareChinese.我的父母都是中国人。（3）both的位置：实义动词之前，be动词/情态动词/助动词之后（实前be/情/助后）Eg.Theycanbothswim.他们都能游泳。【易混辨析】both与allboth都适用于两者，构成both...and...“...和...都”Theybothworkhard.他们两个工作都很努力。all适用于三者或三者以上Allofthestudentsaresilent.所有的学生都沉默了。【注意】both...and...通常用来连接两个并列的句子成分，若连接两个并列成分作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式。Eg.BothChineseandJapanesethinkitimportanttobeontime.中国人和日本人都认为守时很重要。Theyliveintreesandeatbothplantsandanimals.它们住在树上，既吃植物也吃动物。【拓展延伸】重点：不定代词both,neither,all,none与either的用法不定代词用于几者中含义固定搭配例句both两者两者都both...and...…和…都BothTomandMaryareteachers.汤姆和玛丽都是老师neither两者都不neither...nor...既不…也不…NeitheryounorIamgoodatmath.我们俩都不擅长数学。all三者或三者以上三者或三者以上都无AllofusarefromChina.我们都来自中国。none三者或三者以上都不无Ilikenoneofthebooks.这些书我都不喜欢。either两者中的任何一个两者之一either...or...要么…要么…Eitheryouorheisright.不是你对，就是他对。【即学即用】1.—Whatwouldyoulike,icecreamorapplejuice?—.Oneformysisterandtheotherformyself.A.NeitherB.AllC.NoneD.Both2.________myfather________mymotherlookafterme.Ilovethemsomuch.A.Either;orB.Both;withC.Notonly;butalso D.Both;and3.Taraandhersister_____quietandthey_____sports.A.areboth,bothlike B.areboth,likebothC.bothare,bothlike D.bothare,likeboth2.That’sTara,isn’tit?那是塔拉，不是吗？反意疑问句的两种形式：（1）肯定的陈述句+否定反意疑问句的两种形式：（1）肯定的陈述句+否定的附加疑问句（2）否定的陈述句+肯定的附加疑问句即遵循“前后，前后”原则陈述句部分附加疑问句部分be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语【句式剖析】That’陈述句部分附加疑问句部分be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语【拓展延伸】反意疑问句的答语反意疑问句的答语应符合事实。事实是肯定的用yes，事实是否定的用no当句式是“前否后肯”的结构时，翻译要以事实为依据，yes翻译为“不是”，no翻译为“是的”前肯后否否定肯定►—Sheisastudent,isn’tshe?她是一个学生，不是吗？前肯后否否定肯定前否后肯—Yes,sheis.是的，她是/No,sheisn’t.不，她不是前否后肯肯定否定►—Jimdidn’tetoschoolyesterday,didhe?肯定否定【注意】陈述句中含有no,nothing,nobody,never,few,little（少）,seldom,hardly等有否定意义的词时，附加疑问句用肯定形式【注意】陈述句中含有no,nothing,nobody,never,few,little（少）,seldom,hardly等有否定意义的词时，附加疑问句用肯定形式—Yes,hedid.不，他来了。—No,hedidn’t.是的，他没有来。【即学即用】完成下列句子的后半部分1.That'sLucy,?2.Shecan'tspeakChinese,?3.Tomlikesplayingfootball,?4.Itwasanicedayyesterday,?5.Youdidn'tfinishyourwork,?6.Tomhardlyeatsbreakfast,________?A.isn’the B.ishe C.doesn’the D.doeshe3.TaraworksashardasTina.塔拉学习和蒂娜一样努力。【用法详解】重点：as...as意为“与…一样”，用来进行同级比较，两个as中间要用形容词或副词的原级否定结构为notas/so......as，意为“不如……那样……”Eg.Thismovieisasmovingasthatone.这部电影和那部一样令人感动。WangWeispeaksEnglishaswellasYangLan.王伟和杨岚英语说的一样好。Mysisterisnotas/sooutgoingasme.我姐姐不如我外向。【即学即用】1.Thatbookisnotas________asthisone. B.moreinteresting C.mostinteresting D.lessinteresting2.Pleasestoptohavearest.Ithink,toteenagers,healthisas__________astheirstudy.A.moreimportant B.lessimportantC.themostimportant D.important4.YoucantellthatLisareallywantedtowin,though.不过，你可以看出莉萨很想赢。【用法详解】想要做某事【易混辨析】win与beatwin过去式：意为“”,通常和“game,war,match,prize等之类的名词作宾语,即winsth.beat过去式：意为“”,后跟表示与之比赛、战斗的人或代表群体的名词,即beatsb.【即学即用】1.Healways________thematchwhenweplaypingpong.A.beatB.winC.beatsD.wins2.—Whothetennisgameyesterday?—Jack,healltheothers.A.beat,won B.won,won C.beat,beat D.won,beat5.makemelaugh让我大笑【用法详解】（1）laugh在此处作动词，laughatsb意为“嘲笑某人”，laugh还可作名词，意为“笑声”。（2）make是使役动词，意为“使……”，后接省略to的不定式做宾语补足语，即makesbdosth.（3）make+sb./sth.+形容词使某人/某物感到……；使……处于某种状态【翻译句子】这个坏消息让我很伤心。.【即学即用】1.Theboymadefaces________hisclassmates________.A.make,laughB.tomake,laughC.make,tolaughD.tomake,tolaugh2.Healwaystellsfunnythingstomeandalways.A.makesmetolaugh B.makesmelaughing C.makesmelaugh D.makesmelaughs6.That’swhyIlikereadingbooksandIstudyharderinclass.这便是我喜欢看书而且在班里学习更加努力的原因。主句why引导的表语从句【句式剖析】That’swhyIlikereadingbooksandIstudyharderinclass主句why引导的表语从句【用法详解】That’swhy......意为“这便是为什么……，这就是……的原因”，why引导的句子表示某事产生的结果。7.CalltheEnglishStudyCenterat4435667formoreinformation.拨打4435667向英语学习中心咨询更多信息。【用法详解】（1）call...at...意为“拨打……找……”，at后接号码Eg.Ifyoucan’tfindtheplace,pleasecallmeat7669788.如果你找不到地方，请打7669788.（2）information意为“信息；消息”，为不可数名词，表示“一条信息”用apieceofinformation【易混辨析】初中英语中的“三个信息”：newsnewsinformationmessage不可数名词不可数名词可数名词侧重指新闻信息侧重指网上搜寻的信息侧重指短信、发信息、口头信息等【即学即用】—Iknowlittleaboutthisproduct.—SurftheInternet,andyouwillgetmuch.A.informationB.messageC.suggestionD.news8.关于朋友的谚语：Agoodfriendislikeamirror.好朋友就像一面镜子。Friendsarelikebooks—youdon’tneedalotofthemaslongasthey’regood.朋友就像书一样——不在多而贵在好。Mybestfriendhelpstobringoutthebestintime.我最好的朋友帮我把自己最好的一面表现出来。Atruefriendreachesforyourhandandtouchesyourheart.一个真正的朋友会为你伸出援手，触动你的心。课堂小测一、单项选择1.—Ourteam_______thematch.We'vegotthefirstplace!—Welldone!Congratulations!A.hit B.beat C.won D.watched2.—Whichsubjectdoyoulikebetter,mathorEnglish?—__________.IthinkmathisasinterestingasEnglish.3.Mysisternevereatsjunkfood,__________?A.isshe B.doesshe ’tshe ’tshe4.MysisterJennyis_________outgoinggirl.Shelovestomakefriends. D./5.—Iamworryingaboutourfinalexamthesedays.—Thereisnothingtoworryaboutyouworkhard.A.untilB.sothatC.asfarasD.aslongas6.—CanIhelpyou?—PleasegivemeaboutthetrainstoDaqing.A.afewinformation B.alittleinformationsC.alittleinformationD.afewinformations7.MywaytoworkouttheproblemisthesameJack’sbutdifferentMary’s.A.as;as B.from;fromC.as;from D.from;as8.Sheisfamousmusicianandsheistalentedmusic.A.for B.with C.of Beijing?—Inaweek.A.reach B.get C.arriveat D.e10.Jimisgoodattellingstories.Healwaysmakesus________whenhetellsusstories. B.tolaugh 11.Nooneinourclasscanrunas________asTim.A.morequickly D.mostquickly12.—Areyourelaxingyourselfhere?—Yes.Itis________towalkslowlyalongtheriver.13.—It’sFather’sDay,________?—Yes.Let’sbuyagiftforDad.Heworksveryhardforus.A.isn’tit B.doesn’tit C.isn’the D.doesn’the14.—Doyouknowabouthisnewidea?—Yes,Ido.It'ssimilarmine.A.with B.from C.to 15.Themovie,LostinHongKong(《港囧》)isinteresting.______Jack_____hissisterwanttowatchit.A.Both;and B.Either;or C.Neither;nor D.Either;and二、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Colorscanchangeourmoods(情绪)andmakeus(feel)happyorsad.2.It'snecessaryforus(save)ourenvironment.3.TheShanghaiJing’anteam___________(win)themen’sU18soccergoldmedalinthefirstNationalYouthGamesonAugust26,2015.4.IthinkSallydidas___________(better)asLucyinthemathpetition.5.Kate’sschoolbagisnewerthan___________(my).6.MybestfriendJimmyenjoys(listen)tomusic.7.LangLangisagreatpianistandheis(talent)inmusic.8.Canyoutellussome____________(information)aboutthevacationplan?9.Workhard,andyoucangetgood____________(grade)intheexams.10.Speak(clear)sothatotherscanunderstandyouwell.三、汉译英：单词/短语/句子1.莉莉和我姐姐都会弹钢琴。Lilymysistercanplaythepiano.2.只要你能取得好成绩，我就会高兴。_____________________________youcangetgoodgrades,I'llbehappy.3.我喜欢我的英语老师，因为他帮助我展现最好的自我。IlikemyEnglishteacher,becausehehelpsto___________________thebestinme.4.事实上，我应该是一名好的听众。___________________,Ishouldbeagoodlistener.5.我不关心价格，只要车的状况好就行了。Idon't___________________theprice,aslongasthecarisingoodcondition.6.徐磊跟我很像。我们都很结实，并且我们都喜欢足球。XuLei_____________________________me.Wearebothstrongandwebothlikesoccer.7.那便是我喜欢英语而且在课上学习更加努力的原因。That's__________IlikeEnglishandIstudy__________inclass8.我并不十分在乎我的朋友跟我一样或与我不同。Idon'treallycareaboutifmyfriendsare___________________asmeordifferent.9.我认为朋友应该彼此不同。Ithinkfriendsshould______________________________eachother.10.我的好朋友总是能取得比我好的成绩。Mybestfriendalways______________________________thanIdo.四、阅读理解Weknowhealthisimportantineveryone'slife.Herearesomewaystomakethemeasytoget.★Eatabalanceddiet．Eatalotoffruitandvegetables，somegrains(谷物)andalittlemeat.★Exercisetwiceorthreetimesaweek.★Getenoughsleep.Itisbesttogeteighthours'sleepaday.★Keepyourselfbusy.Thisisgoodbecauseitstopsyoufromhavingbadhabits.Tokeepyourselfbusy，youcanwalkaroundthehouse，spendtimewithyourpet，dosports，orhaveahobby.★Gooutandmakefriends.Spendtimeandhavefunwiththem.Talkwiththem，buttrynottotalkaboutanythingbad.Youshouldstaywiththepeoplewhoarehealthy.（）1.Howoftenshouldyouexerciseifyouwanttogethealth?A.Everyday. B.Twiceaday.C.Threetimesamonth. D.Twiceorthreetimesaweek.（）2.Howmanyhoursdoyouneedtosleepeveryday?A.Seven. B.Eight. C.Nine. D.Ten.（）3.Theunderlinedword“it”refersto(指的是)________.A.eatingabalanceddiet B.exercisingmoreC.keepingyourselfbusy D.makingfriends（）4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Wecaneatalotofmeattokeephealthy. B.Weneedtoexercise.C.It'sgoodtomakesomefriends. D.Wecanspendourfreetimedoingsports.（）5.What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.Eatinghabit B.Playingsports C.Makingfriends D.Howtogethealth语法精讲语法精讲形容词和副词的比较级一、语法概述大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：、和.比较级表示“更……”，用于两者之间的比较，后面用连词连接另一个所比较的人或事物，说明“前者比后者更……”。二、比较级的构成单音节和部分双音节词一般在词尾加ersmart→high→以字母e结尾的词加rfine→wide→重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时（辅元辅），先双写该辅音字母，再加er口诀：“大红胖瘦适合湿热”（bigger,redder,fatter,thinner,fitter,wetter,hotter）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，变y为i再加erearly→happy→多音节和部分双音节词在其前面加morebeautiful→【注意】dry（干燥的）→drier（比较级）shy（害羞的）→shyer（比较级）good/wellgood/well（好的）→__________（更好的）bad/badly/ill（糟糕的）→__________（更糟糕的）many/much（多的）→__________（更多的）little（少的）→__________（更少的）old（老的）→__________/__________（更老的）far（远的）→__________/__________（更远的）【即学即用】写出下列单词的比较级形式tall→__________2.smart→__________3.hard→__________ lazy→__________5.funny→__________6.early→__________nice→__________8.large→__________9.fine→__________serious→__________11.clearly→__________12.outgoing→__________13.good/well→___________14.many/much→__________15.bad/badly→__________ 三、比较级的常用结构（常考点）A比B更……1.A+be+形容词比较级+than+BA比B更……A+实义动词+副词比较级+than+BEg.TomrunsfasterthanI.汤姆跑得比我快。TomistallerthanI.汤姆比我高。“the+比较级+ofthetwo”意为“两者中比较……的”Eg.Lisaisthequickerofthetwo.莉萨是两个人中比较快的那个。3.“比较级+and+比较级”或“moreandmore+形容词/副词原级”，表示“越来越……”（重点）Eg.AftertheNewYear,thedayisbeingwarmerandwarmer.新年过后，天气变得越来越暖和。Chineseisbeingmoreandmorepopular.汉语变得越来越受欢迎了。4.“The+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越……，就越……”（重点）Eg.Themoreyouread,thefasteryouwillbe.你读得越多，你的速度就会越快。5.“Which/Who...+比较级，AorB?”，表示“A和B，哪一个更/谁更……?”Eg.Whichbookisbetter,thisoneorthatone?哪本书更好，这本还是那本？6.“A...+倍数+比较级+than+B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”Eg.Ourschoolistwicebiggerthanyours.我们学校比你们学校大两倍。【即学即用】1.Whichdoyouthinktastes________,thechickenorfish?A.well B.better C.good D.best2.Myroomis________than________.A.bigger,her B.biger,her C.bigger,hers D.biger,hers3.Farmersarebeing__________inourhometown.A.moreandmorerich B.richerandricher C.morerichandmorerich D.richandrich4.Thispictureis____________thanthatone.A.beautiful B.morebeautiful C.mostbeautiful D.themostbeautiful5.Don’tworry.Yourmotherwillget____________.A.wellandwell B.betterandbetter C.wellandbetter D.goodandwell6.─Whois_________,TomorMike?─Tomis. C.verythin D.morethin四、可修饰比较级的词（常考点）当表示一方超过另一方的“程度”时，可以用much,alot,alittle,abit,even,far等来修饰形容词比较级。注意：比较级不能用very,so,too等修饰。Eg.Heismuchmoreseriousthanhisbrother.他比他弟弟稳重多了。Thisbookisevenmoreusefulthanthatone.这本书甚至比那本更有用。Canyouetoschoolalittleearliertomorrowmorning?明天早上你能早点来学校吗？【记忆口诀】两多（much,alot）两少（alittle,abit）一甚至（even），还有一个远（far）去了。【即学即用】1.Inthetalentshow,IperformedwellandAnndideven________.2.LiWeiisa__________student,buthisbrotheriseven__________thanhim.A.best；better B.better；better C.good；best D.good；better3.Ithinkitis____________olderthanyesterday.A.very B.muchtoo C.much D.quite4.Theseflowersare____________thanthoseones.A.muchbeautiful B.muchmorebeautiful C.verybeautiful D.asbeautiful语法小测一、单项选择1.—Dad,howcanIgetonwellwithmyclassmates?—Trytobefriendlytothem.Thatwillmakeitmuch________. B.moreeasily 2.Ididn’tdoverywellinthisexam.Unluckily,hedidit________.A.badly B.worse C.better D.worst3.Aliceis________thanherbrotherandsister.Sheneverstopstalking. D.moreoutgoing4.Shenzhenisamoderncityandit’sas________asHongKong.A.busy B.busier C.thebusiest D.thebusier5.ThoughBettyandLilyaretwins,Bettyisn’tso________asLily.A.moreoutgoing B.mostoutgoing D.lessoutgoing6.Thisfilmis_________interestingthanthatone.A.more B.much C.very D.themost7.—Ifthereare_________peopledriving,therewillbe_________airpollution.（空气污染）—Yes,andtheairwillbefresher.A.less;less B.less;fewer C.fewer;fewer D.fewer;less8.Tomakerivers_________thanbefore,everybodyissupposedtoprotectthem.9.WeChatWalletismakingourlife_________moreconvenientthanbefore.10._________ourcountrygets,_________thepeoplewillbe,whichiswellknown.A.Thestronger;thehappier B.Themorestrong;themorehappy C.Thestronger;thehappy D.Thestrong;thehappier11.Amobilephonewith5Gcansendvideosmuch_________thantheonewith4G. C.fastestD.thefastest12.—Whichcoatdoyoulike_________,theredoneortheblueone?—Theredone. D.thebetter13.Emailismuch_________thanlongdistancecalling. B.thecheaper C.morecheap 14.Yourbagissmallerthan_________.15.The