Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2022-2023学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

DiscoveringusefulstructuresⅠ

学习目标1’1.Tolearntheusageofinfinitive

usedasattributeoradverbialinasentence.2.Toapplywhatwelearninthisperiodtoexercise,

especiallyinwritingandgrammarfilling.Nothingbutatear,that'sallforbreakfastWatchingyoupretendyou'reunaffectedYou'repullingourconnections,expectingme_______yougo....Ilookinyourdirection,hopingthatthemessagegoesSomewhereclosetoyouClosetoyou...Workinghard__________itNowyourfearisreckless,andit'soutofyourcontrolWouldyouletitgo?...Activity1:Leadintoletattributeoradverbial?toperfectReadthesentencesbelowandfocusonunderlinedparts.Then,thinkabouttheirfunctionsandmeanings.Leadin4’1.Itrainedforalongtimetoflyairplanesasafighterpilot.2.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertoworkinspace.3.Somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealisetheirdreamtoexplorespace.4.On12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.infinitiveasadverbialinfinitiveasadverbialinfinitiveasattributeinfinitiveasattribute主动语态被动语态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式

动词不定式的时态和语态Infinitiveasattributetodotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendonetohavebeendoing1.Sheisthefirstgraduatetogetanofferinthebigcompany.2.Heistheonlyonetosurvivetheaccident.3.Heistherightpersonto

dothejob.一、名词被特定词修饰当名词被序数词或theonly,thenext,thelast,theright修饰，且该名词是作定语的非谓语动词的执行者时，用不定式主动形式作定语。不定式作后置定语的几种情况

1.Inthepast,womenhadnochancetogotoschool.2.Hemadeanattempttobeadmittedtothebigcompany.3.Agoodteachermusthavetheabilitytomakehimselfunderstood.4.Imustkeepthepromisetopayontime.5.Hiseagernesstogetbackhomewasquiteobvious.二、不定式作定语与特定名词连用：当修饰的名词是ability,ambition,attempt,chance,courage,desire,decision,effort,failure,moment,promise,right,time,wish…（一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的名词）不定式作后置定语的几种情况

1.Givemeapentowritewith.2.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.3.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.4.Hereisapieceofpaperforyoutowriteon.三、不定式加介词作定语：作定语的动词不定式如果是不及物动词或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。不定式作后置定语的几种情况

1.Ihavealotofthings

todotomorrow.2.Pleasegivemesomething

todrink.3.Hewillshowyoutherightpathtotake.四，不定式与前面的名词构成动宾关系，和句中另一个名词或代词构成主谓关系。Idoalotofthings./Idrinksomething./Youtaketherightpath.

拓展与补充一

September,the16th.Patienceisavirtue.耐心是一种美德1.Theairport______________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.

2.Wearehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision_________(make)atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.3.Volunteeringgivesyouachance_________(change)lives,includingyourown.4.Thestudentsarelookingforwardtohavinganopportunity_________(explore)societyofreal-lifeexperience.5.Ihavealotofbooks__________(read).tobecompletedtobemadetochangetoexploretoreadExercise1.Tomakefriendseasily,youneedtobeverykind.2.Theywenttheretosavepeoplewhowereinjured.3.MoreTVprogrammeswereproducedtoraisepeople’sconcernoverfoodsafety.4.To/Inordertocatchthefirstbus,hegotupearly.5.Thebusstoppedsoastopickuppassengers.不定式作目的状语可用inorderto/soasto

代替，有时为了突出强调目的，还可将这个词组置于句首，但soasto一般不用于句首。Ⅲ

点拨精讲28’目的状语与不定式的转换

I

cameearlyinorderthatyoumightreadmyreportbeforethemeeting.→Icameearly(inorder)foryouto

readmyreportbeforethemeeting.①当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时，可以直接简化为不定式或不定式短语作状语。②当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语不相同时，要用动词不定式的复合结构作状语。We'llstartearlyinorderthat/sothatwemayarriveintime.→We'llstartearlyinorderto/soastoarriveintime.1.Hewokeuptofindeverybodygone.

2.Hearrivedatthetrainstation,onlytofindthetrainhadalreadyleft.3.Sheistootiredtodothejob.4.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.5.Willyoubesokindastoopenthewindow?不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果；有时也可用onlyto,too...to,enoughto,so...asto

来表示结果状语。Infinitiveasadverbial1.Iamsoexcited

tobehere!2.Iammorethandelighted

tobewithyou!3.Sheisproud

tohavewonthefirstplace.4.Heisglad

tobeinvitedtothemeeting.

不定式作原因状语，常用于“主语+be+形容词+todo”结构中，此类形容词多是glad,excited,disappointed,shocked等表示喜怒哀乐的形容词。Infinitiveasadverbial4.动词不定式作条件状语。Howcanyoucatchthetraintostartsolate？要是这么晚动身，你怎么能赶得上火车呢？（表示条件）Hemustbeafooltosayso.他那么说可能是个傻瓜。Youwilldowelltospeakmorecarefully.要是说得详细的话，你会做得很好的。Ⅳ

课堂小结2’不定式状语目的表示某一动作的目的；Onlyto,inorderto,so…asto…结果出乎意料的结果；onlytodo，enoughtodo，too…to…原因常用于“主语+be+形容词+todo”结构中定语与被修饰词关系动宾，主谓，动状，同位不同使用情况特定词修饰；抽象名词；不及物动词Replacetheitalicizedpartsbyusinginfinitivesor“inorderto/soasto+do”.1.In2003YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstperson

whogotmarriedinspace.→

In2003YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstpersontogetmarriedinspace.2.Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywater

sothatitcanberecycledforlateruse.→

Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersoastorecycleitforlateruse.Activity4:PracticeⅣ3Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehave

dreamtthatonedaytheywouldflyintospace.

Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavethedreamtoflyintospaceoneday.4Astronauts'bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday,whichwillheipthemstayhealthy.

Astronauts'bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeverydayto/inorderto/soastohelpthemstayhealthy.5Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspacebecauseeverythingwouldfloatoffotherwise.

Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspaceto/inorderto/soasto

keepeverythingfromfloatingoff.6Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowly

sothattheycankeeptheirbodiesundercontrol.

Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowlyto/inorderto/soastokeeptheirbodiesundercontrol.CheckyouranswersSendingpeopletootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystemisnotaneasygoal__________(achieve).Oneoftheproblemsisthatthetripwouldtakeaverylongtime.Forexample,______(use)thecurrenttechnology,itwouldtakeovertwoyears_________(get)totheclosestplanet,Mars,andback.Althoughlightisthefastestthing_________(know)intheuniverse,itcouldtakemorethanfouryearstoreachtheneareststarsystem.Willscientistsfigureoutaway_______(store)sufficientfoodandwaterforthelongjourney?Isitpossibletotravelfasterthanlight?Nooneknowstheanswersyet.However,spacescientistsnevergiveup.Theyareexperimentingwithgrowingcropsinspacesoas_______(help)astronautsgetenoughfoodonlongerjourneysthroughspace.toachieveusingtogetknowntostoretohelpActivity4:PracticeⅤ

课时训练14Homework3.他总是第一个到办公室，最后一个离开。Heisalways_________________andthelastonetoleavetheoffice.4.有足够的食物供客人享用。Thereisenoughfoodfortheguests_______.1.要正确地画地图，你需要一支特制的笔。__________________,youneedaspecialpen.2.他来晚了，发现其他人都回家了。Hearrivedlate_________________________.Todrawmapscorrectlytoenjoythefirstonetocometofindtheothershadgonehome补充句子

当堂检测14’Ⅴ6.________(make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.7.Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackage