2023新教材高考英语二轮专题复习层级二巧练板块组合50分阅读理解提分练四

分阅读理解提分练(四)阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A[2022·广州市高三年级调研测试]Enteringadulthoodisanimportantstepineveryone'slife.Itmeansthatayoungpersonmustsoonleavechildishnessbehindandstarttoshouldergrown­upresponsibilities.InGermany,“Jugendfeier”isacoming­of­ageceremonyfor14­year­olds.Theygotoschooltopreparefortheoccasion,studyinglessonswithtopicslikeculturalrespectandsocialresponsibility,whichwillhelpthembecomeworthycitizens.Thehopeisthattheyoungpeopletakingpartintheceremonywilltakeonthesevaluesforthemselves.InLatinAmerica,a“quincean～era”isacelebrationforgirlsontheir15thbirthday,markingagirl'sentryintowomanhood.Inthepast,a“quincean～era”wasintendedtoreadygirlsformarriageandtheyweretaughtcooking,sewingandotherhouseholdskillsinpreparation.Today,it'ssimilartohowone's18thbirthdayisconsideredanimportantdayinothercultures.InIndia,thesacredthreadceremonyisperformedwhenaboyisgrown­up.Heisgiventhreesacredthreadsrepresentingthreepromiseshemakes:torespectknowledge,torespecthisparentsandtorespectsociety.Aftertheceremony,theboy,traditionally,leaveshisfamilytolivewithaguru(teacher).Atthispointtheboybecomes“twiceborn”—firsthisphysicalbirthandsecondhisintellectualbirththroughtheteacher'scare.InVanuatu,youngboyscomeofagebyjumpingoffa98­foot­talltowerwithabungee­likeropetiedtotheirankles,justbarelypreventingthemfromhittingtheground.Attheceremony,theboy'smotherwillholdsomethingrepresentinghischildhood,andafterthejumptheitemwillbethrownaway,representingtheendofchildhood.Heisnowaman,readytoprotectthefamily.1．Whatisthesharedexpectationofthefourcoming­of­ageceremonies?A．Havingrespectforknowledge.B．Gettingreadytoraiseafamily.C．Acquiringcross­culturalawareness.D．Developingasenseofresponsibility.2．WhichappmightappealtopeopleenteringadulthoodinGermany?3．Inwhichplacearethingswithspecialmeaningsgiventotheyoungattendants?A．Germany.B．LatinAmerica.C．India.D．Vanuatu.B[2022·沈阳市高三教学质量检测(一)]Java'sCafeisafundamentalextensionoftheRochesterexperience,openingitsarmstocomfortcoffee,tea,anddessertloversalike.ForthetypicalURstudents,theJava'sonGibbsSt.hasbecomeaplaceofsolaceduringstressfultestingtimes,andonmoreheartwarmingoccasions,asocialhub.Slowlyapproachingitsthirties,Java'shasenjoyedagoodreputationinthelocalarea.In1978,JavaJoecreatedacoffeefarminHawaii.Withgreatdedicationtohiscraft,thegreatmasterofcoffeebeansmadehiswaytoRochesterthen.In1992,JoedecidedtostartsellingcoffeeatthePublicMarketandopenedupastoreonGibbsSt.withthehelpofMichaelCalabrese.Thislocation,nexttotheEastmanSchoolofMusic,isthefirstofmanyshopsJavaJoeopened.Asaloveroftheblues,Joeenthusiasticallydecoratedthisflagshipstorewithartisticandmusicalinfluence.AfterthisGibbslocation,JoeplantedJavaJoe'swherehewasfirststartingout—atthePublicMarket.Later,JavaJoe'smovedtoanearbybuilding,andreceivedanamechange—Java'sattheMarketCoffeeRoasters.ThisbuildingservedasaplacewherethosewhovisitedwouldoftencatchaglimpseofJoeskillfullyroastinghiscoffeebeansinthedancingflamesandcultivatinghisdrinkswithcare.However,in1997helicensedCalabresetorun“JavaJoe's”，whothenrenamedtheGibbsCafetowhatweknowtoday—Java'sCafe.JoeremainedinthePublicMarketlocationuntilhewasdiagnosedwithabraintumor.Joediedoflungcancerat68.Theinfluencehehadpouredintohisbusinessiswell­knownandhighlyregarded.Hewonmanyawardsinhislife.NexttimeyouheaddowntoGibbsSt.foryourmorningcup,keepinmindtheextraordinarystoryofhowthatcupcameintobeing,allthankstoJavaJoe.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“solace”inParagraph1probablymean?A．Tension.B．Anxiety.C．Safety.D．Relief.5．WhatistrueaboutJava'sCafeonGibbsSt.?A．Thenameoftheshopkeepsunchangeduptonow.B．Itispopularwiththelocalsandstudentsaswell.C．JavaJoehadtheownershipoftheshopin1997.D．Itistheflagshipstorethathaswonseveralawards.6．WhatisspecialaboutJava'sattheMarketCoffeeRoasters?A．Joe'sspecially­madecoffeebeans.B．Itssuper­qualitycoffeeandservice.C．Joe'sdemonstrationofcoffee­makingskills.D.Itsattractiontothemusicschoolstudents.7．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．ThepopularityofJava'sCafe.B．Thedevelopmentofthecoffeeindustry.C．ThecontributionJoemadetoRochester.D．ThefounderanddevelopmentofJava'sCafe.C[2022·南昌市一模]CeciliaChiang,whoseSanFranciscorestaurant,theMandarin,introducedAmericandinersinthe1960stotherichnessandvarietyofauthenticChinesecuisine,diedonWednesdayatherhomeinSanFrancisco.Ms.Chiangwasnotachef,norwasshealikelycandidatetorunarestaurant.ShewasbornnearShanghaiin1920astheseventhdaughterinawealthyfamily.Afterherparentsdied,Ceciliamanagedthebusinesses'financeswhilestillinherteens.Ms.ChiangcametotheUnitedStatesfromChinatofleetheJapaneseduringWorldWarⅡ，travelingnearly700milesonfoot.OnceinSanFrancisco,shemettwoChineseacquaintanceswhowantedtoopenarestaurant.Ms.Chiangagreedtoputuplargefunds.Butwhenthetwowomenquit,Ms.Chiangfoundtoherhorrorthatthefundswerenotrefundable(可退还的).Shetookadeepbreathanddecidedtoopentherestaurantherself.“IbegantothinkthatifIcouldcreatearestaurantwithWestern­styleserviceandthedishesthatIwasmostfamiliarwith—thedeliciousfoodofChina—maybemylittlerestaurantwouldsucceed，”shewroteinherbook.TheMandarin,whichwasopenedin1962asa65­seatrestaurant,introducedcustomerstomainlySichuan,ShanghaiandCantondishes.Theearlydaysweredifficult.Butlittlebylittle,Chinesediners,andafewAmericans,cameregularly.Overnightthetableswerefilledandtherestaurantbecameahugesuccess.Ms.Chiangcontinuedtoworkasarestaurantconsultantintoher90s.“IthinkIchangedwhataveragepeopleknowaboutChinesefood，”Ms.Chiangwrote.“Theydidn'tknowChinawassuchabigcountry.”8．WhendidMs.Chiangstarttomanagethebusinesses'finances?A．Inthe1920s.B．Inthe1930s.C．Inthe1950s.D．Inthe1960s.9．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．WhenMs.ChiangcametotheUS.B．HowMs.Chiangearnedherdeposit.C．WhatMs.Chiangwroteinherbook.D．WhyMs.Chiangopenedherrestaurant.10．WhatdoweknowaboutTheMandarin?A．Itsurvivedtheearlyhardships.B．ItprovidedallkindsofChinesedishes.C．Itcouldseatlessthan60peopleatfirst.D．ItattractedmanyAmericansonceopened.11．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMs.Chiang?A．Smartbutstubborn.B．Devotedandbrave.C．Adventurousbutcareless.D．Enthusiasticandambitious.D[2022·成都市高三第一次诊断性检测]Humans'everspreadingpresencearoundtheglobeinfluencespatternsofbiologicalevolutioninwaysthatwearejustbeginningtoexplore.OntheGalapagosIslands,abodyofevidenceshowsthattheeffectofourpresenceisincreasing.LuisF.DeLeónfromtheUniversityofMassachusettsBoston,togetherwithother6scientistsspenttwoyearsobservingDarwin'sfinches(雀科小鸟)toevaluateoureffectsontheirbehavior.Theystartedbyconductingfeedingobservationsoncoexistingfinchspeciesatsitesthatrangedfromnon­urbanareastourbanareas.Theyalsoemployedfinch­humaninteractionexperimentstotestwhetherandhowfinchesrespondtohumanpresence.Tomeasurewhetherfinchfeedingpreferencesvariedwiththedegreeofurbanization,“cafeteria”experimentswerecarriedout—Fincheswerepresentedwithaselectionofhumanandnativefooditems.ThescientistsfoundthatDarwin'sfinchesfedalmostonhumanfoodslikericeandcookiesorintroducedgardenspeciesaturbanlocations.Incontrast,atnon­urbansites,finchesfedmainlyonnativeplantspeciesandinsects.Interactiontestssuggestthaturbanbirdsgetmoreaccustomedtothepresenceofhumans.Finally,atallsitesofregularhumanpresence,finchespreferredhumanfoodstonaturalfoods.Theresearcherswarnthatexploitingurbanenvironmentsmightpresentchallengesfororganisms,includingshorterlifespansbroughtbytheconsumptionofhighlyprocessedfoods.Furthermore,theyear­roundavailabilityofabundanthumanfoodsinurbanenvironmentsmightaffectecologicalandevolutionaryprocessesthatpromotedspeciesdiversity.Whiletheresultsclearlyshowashifttohumanfoodsaturbansites,theadaptivesignificanceofthatshiftisstillanopenquestion.Thesefindingsalsosuggestthathumanbehavioristhemaindriveroffinchpreferenceforhumanfoods.Theresearchersproposeapossibilitythattheeffectofhumanbehaviorisfacilitatedbyourtendencytofeedbirds,beitdirectlyorinadvertentlyviafooddroppingorlittering.12．Howdidthescientistscarryoutthestudy?A．Bycarryingoutexperimentsinlabs.B．Bytrainingfinchesandobservingresults.C．Byobservingfinchesinnaturalconditions.D.Byanalyzingfindingsfrompreviousexperiments.13．Whichisprobablyfinches'favoritefoodatnon­urbansitesfrequentlyvisitedbyhumans?A．Rice.B．Aninsect.C．Thefruitofanativeplant.D．Theseedofanintroducedplant.14．WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph5probablymean?A．Illegally.B．Voluntarily.C．Deliberately.D．Unintentionally.15．Whatcanwelearnfromthefindings?A.Allfinchesobservedarewillingtoapproachhumans.B．Humanfoodavailabilitymightleadtobiodiversityloss.C．Thereasonfortheshiftoffinchdietsremainsunknown.D．Themoreprocessedfoodsfinchesconsume,thelongertheylive.第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。[2022·武汉市武昌区高三质量检测]Learningdoesn'thavetostopattheschoolhousedoor.Infact,itshouldn't.__16__It'sonethingtoreadabookaboutaforeigncountry;it'squiteanothertogothereandbefrienditspeople,eatitsfoodsandlearnitslanguage.__17__MyhusbandGabrielandIuseittoengagewithourloveofhistory.Wecan'ttraveltothepastinexactlythesamewaywewouldgotoaforeigncountry,butwecanbringhistorytousbyincludingasmanyofitsdetailsaspossibleintoourdailylives.__18__Ourhousewasbuiltin1888and1889.Verylittlehadbeenaddedoverthepastcentury—althoughmanythingshadbeenremovedorreplaced.Settlinginwasalong,slowprocessofbringingbacksystemsandapplianceswhichwouldhavebeenstandardattheendofthenineteenthcentury.Yearsago,westartedcollectingeverydayitemsfromthepast.WelovethingspeoplelikeuswereinteractingwithonadailybasisbackintheVictorian(维多利亚时代的)era.Mosttextbookofhistoryfocusesonextremecases:politics,war,andgreatnames.We'veneverbeenprivilegedtokeepcompanywithkingsandpresidentsinthemodernworld,sowe'vealwaysbeendrawnfarmorestronglytopeopleweourselvescanrelateto.Welovesimplestoriesofapproachablepeople.__19____20__Whenwegetthem,mostarewornout.Somepeoplewouldn'tthinktwiceaboutgettingridofsuchlow­qualityitems.Wefixthemupandputthembacktotheuseforwhichtheywereoriginallyintended.Asweinteractwiththem,theybecomeourteachers.A．Thebestwaytolearnaboutsomethingistoliveit.B．Thistechniquecanbeappliedtoavarietyofsubjects.C．Bydoingsowe'vecreatedalifewhichisuniquelybeautiful.D．CurrentlyI'mworkingonanovelsetinthe1880sand1890s.E．Usingthethingstheyusedhelpsusconnectwiththeirculture.F．Theantiqueswhichmakeupourhomeareaworkingcollection.G．Whenpeoplevisitourhometheysayit'slikewalkingintoamuseum.

50分阅读理解提分练(四)第一节A语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会——文化习俗——不同国家和地区的成年仪式1．答案与解析：D理解具体信息。根据第一段第二句“Itmeansthat...shouldergrown­upresponsibilities”，再结合下文介绍的四种不同国家和地区的成年仪式可知，四种成年仪式的共同期望是培养年轻人的责任感。2．答案与解析：A推断。根据第二段第二句“Theygoto...becomeworthycitizens”可知，在德国，举行成年仪式前，孩子们要去学校学习以文化尊重、社会责任等为主题的课程。A项是志愿服务应用软件，与承担社会责任有关，据此可推知A项正确。3．答案与解析：C理解具体信息。根据第四段第二句“Heisgiven...torespectsociety”可知，在印度的成年仪式上，男孩将会收到三根神圣的线，分别代表他做出的三个承诺：尊重知识、尊重父母和尊重社会。B语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会——历史与文化——Java咖啡馆的历史和现状【语篇解读】Java咖啡馆在当地享有良好声誉。本文讲述了Java咖啡馆的创始人初创该咖啡馆的故事及该咖啡馆的发展历程。4．答案与解析：D理解词汇。根据该句中的“onmoreheartwarmingoccasions,asocialhub”并结合常识可以推知，那是一个考试期间学生放松身心、缓解压力的地方，故画线词意为“轻松，宽慰”。5．答案与解析：B理解具体信息。根据第一段第二句“ForthetypicalUR...asocialhub”可知，Java咖啡馆已经成为学生在考试期间放松身心的地方，故深受学生欢迎；根据第二段第一句“Slowlyapproaching...inthelocalarea”可知，Java咖啡馆在当地享有良好的声誉，故深受当地人的欢迎。故B项正确。6．答案与解析：C理解具体信息。根据第三段第三句“Thisbuildingserved...hisdrinkswithcare”可知，参观这座建筑的人经常可以看到Joe熟练地在飞舞的火焰中烤咖啡豆，小心翼翼地泡咖啡。据此可知，该咖啡烘焙店的特别之处在于向顾客展示咖啡制作技巧。7．答案与解析：D理解文章主旨要义。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Java咖啡馆的创始和发展过程：JavaJoe在夏威夷创建了咖啡农场，后来到了罗切斯特，他在吉布斯街开了第一家咖啡馆。其后在1997年，他将“JavaJoe's”授权给Calabrese,Calabrese将咖啡馆改名，Java咖啡馆至今仍深受学生和当地人的青睐。据此可知，D项符合题意。C语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自我——人物故事——江孙芸女士开办中餐厅的故事【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了江孙芸女士艰苦创业，在美国开办中餐厅的故事。8．答案与解析：B考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段第二、三句“ShewasbornnearShanghaiin1920...Ceciliamanagedthebusinesses’financeswhilestillinherteens”可知，江孙芸女士出生于1920年，在十几岁时就开始管理公司的财务。据此可知，她在20世纪30年代开始管理公司财务，故B项正确。9．答案与解析：D考查理解段落主旨要义的能力。通读第三段可知，该段主要讲述了她开餐馆的原因：她为躲避战乱从中国来到美国，遇到了两个想开餐馆的中国熟人。在提供了大量资金后，两名合伙人放弃了，于是她决定自己开餐馆。故D项正确。A、C项仅为第三段的细节之一；B项文中没有提及。10．答案与解析：A考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第四段后三句“Theearlydaysweredifficult...ahugesuccess”可知，创办初期TheMandarin的处境艰难，但逐渐吸引了