动词的语态英语基础语法知识点汇总

动词的语态英语基础语法知识点汇总动词的语态语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。若宾语补足语是不带to的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为感官动词。feel,hear,help,listento,lookat,make,observe,see,notice,watchTheteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.-->Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher).Wesawhimplayfootballontheplayground.-->Hewasseentoplayfootballontheplayground.2)情态动词+be+过去分词，构成被动语态。Coalcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.琴声悠悠550字1let的用法1)当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to的不定式。Theyletthestrangego.--->Thestrangewasletgo.若let后宾补较长时，let通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit代替。Thenurseletmegotoseemyclassmateinthehospital.---->Iwasallowed/permittedtoseemyclassmateinthehospital.短动词的被动语态短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。Thisisaphotoofthepowerstationthathasbeensetupinmyhometown.MysisterwillbetakencareofbyGrandma.Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore..表示"据说"或"相信"的词组believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understandItissaidthat…据说Itisreportedthat…据报道Itisbelievedthat…大家相信Itishopedthat…大家希望Itiswellknownthat…众所周知Itisthoughtthat…大家认为Itissuggestedthat…据建议Itistakengrantedthat…被视为当然Ithasbeendecidedthat…大家决定Itmustberememberthat…务必记住的是ItissaidthatshewillleaveforWuhanonTuesday.4不用被动语态的情况不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.比较：rise,fall,happen是不及物动词;raise,seat是及物动词。(错)Thepricehasbeenrisen.(对)Thepricehasrisen.(错)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.(对)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.(错)Thepricehasraised.(对)Thepricehasbeenraised.(错)Pleaseseat.(对)Pleasebeseated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongtoThiskeyjustfitsthelock.Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.系动词无被动语态：带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die,death,dream,live,lifeShedreamedabaddreamlastnight.当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。(对)Shelikestoswim.(错)Toswimislikedbyher.主动形式表示被动意义1)wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell,drive…Thebooksellswell.这本书销路好。Thisknifecutseasily.这刀子很好用。2)blame,let(出租),remain,keep,rent,buildIwastoblamefortheaccident.Muchworkremains.在need,require,want,worth(形容词),deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.Thisroomneedscleaning.这房间应该打扫一下。Thisbookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。特殊结构：makesb.heard/understood(使别人能听见/理解自己)，havesth.done(要某人做某事)。被动形式表示主动意义bedetermined,bepleased,begraduated(from),befinished,beprepared(for),beoccupied(in),getmarriesHeisgraduatedfromafamousuniversity.他于一所有名的大学。注意：表示同某人结婚，用marrysb.或getmarriedtosb.都可。Hemarriedarichgirl.Hegotmarriedtoarichgirl.need/want/require/worth注意：当need,want,require,worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动。Yourhairwantscutting.你的头发该理了。Thefloorrequireswashing.地板需要冲洗。Thebookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。典型例题Thelibraryneeds,butit'llhave