高考英语全程考评 特训卷 课下天天练三十六 含解析

课下天天练(三十六)40分阅读提分练姓名________班级________考号________时间：40分钟阅读(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A[2022·大连高三测试]VolunteerOpportunitiesVolunteersareavitalpartofourmissionofprovidinghigh­qualityenvironmentaleducationalprogrammesforthelocalyouth,HudsonRiverresearch,andcommunityevents.Wearecurrentlyseekingvolunteersforthefollowingpositions：•EducationAssistant—Assisteducationstaffwitheverydayschoolwork,after­schoolenvironmentalclubsandcommunitygroupvisitseveryWednesdayafternoon.•Marsh(沼泽)Assistant—HelpmaintainriverfrontmarshonThursdaysandSaturdays.Workonoccasionalmarshrepairsincludingtheremovalofforeignspeciesofplantsandtheclean­upofrubbish.(Seasonal)•ResearchAssistant—Participateinwaterqualitymonitoring,thesealifestudy,andotherprojectsastheyaredeveloped.Eighthourseachweekonworkdays.•Aquaria(水族馆)Assistant—Providecareforthecenter'scollectionofaquaticwildlifeincludingtankmaintenanceandanimalfeedingattheweekend.Volunteerpositionsareavailablethroughouttheyear!Previousexperienceisnotrequired.Trainingwillbeprovideduponthestartofvolunteerservice.Formoreinformationaboutourvolunteerprogramsaswellassingle­dayvolunteerevents,call(914)377­1900orvisitwww.centerfortheurbanriver.org.1．WhatdoestheEducationAssistantneedtodo?A.Helpwithschoolroutine.B．Givelecturesafterschool.C．Coachstudentsinsportsclubs.D．Visitpoorstudents'communities.2．Ifyouarebusyonweekdays,whichvolunteerpositionisprobablysuitableforyou?A.EducationAssistant.B．MarshAssistant.C．ResearchAssistant.D．AquariaAssistant.3．What'srequiredtobeoneofthevolunteers?A．Workingexperience.B．Academictraining.C．Concernfortheenvironment.D．Around­the­clockavailability.B[2022·河北高三六校联考]Notlongago,LindaKhanwassittingbyahospitalbedinHouston,feelingillatease.Besideherlayherfatherwhoneededheartsurgery.Thetwoofthemhadengagedinnothingbutdepressingsmalltalk.Then,hereyesfellonapileofbooks.Shepickedupone,andstartedtoreaditoutloud.“Rightawayitchangedthemoodandatmosphere，”shesays.Readinggavethedaughterawaytoconnectwithherfather.Listeningallowedthefathertotravelonthesoundofhisdaughter'svoiceintoaplacewherehefelthimselfagain.“Fromthenon，”Khansays,“Ialwaysreadtohim.”Ina2010surveyintheUnitedKingdom,elderlyadultswhojoinedweeklyread­aloudgroupsreportedbetterconcentration,lessanxiety,andanimprovedabilitytosocialize.Thesurveyauthorsowedtheseimprovementsinlargeparttothe“rich,varieddietofseriousliterature”thatgroupmembersconsumed,withfictionencouragingfeelingsofrelaxationandcalm,poetryfosteringfocusedconcentration,andnarrativesgivingrisetocognitive(认知的)thoughts,feelings,andmemories.Intruth,almostanykindofreadingtoanotherpersoncanbebeneficial.Readersgetrewardstoo.ForNeilBush,thelate­lifehospitalizationofhisfamousparents,GeorgeH．W.andBarbaraBush,becameopportunitiestorepayadebtofgratitude.“WhenIwasakid,theywouldreadtome，”hesaid.Withhisparentsinandoutofcare,“We'vebeenreadingbooksaboutDad'sforeignpolicyand,morerecently,Mom'sautobiography.”Bushwenton,hisvoicethickwithemotion,“Andtoreadtheiramazinglifetothemhasbeenaremarkableblessingtome,personally,astheirson.”Tomanypeople,readingtoparentsmayseemsofaroutsidethenormalrangeofregularactivities,anditmayevenfeeloddandimproper.However,therearestillmanypeoplewhobravethemomentarystrangenessofreadingtoelderlyadultsandbothreadersandlistenersare,toborrowaphrasefromWordsworth,surprisedbythejoyofit.4．WhatdidreadingoffertoLindaandherfather?A．Awaytoestablishabond.B．Awaytotraveltogetherinreality.C．Awaytotreatthedisease.D．Awaytoengageinlearning.5．WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A．Improvementsinmentalhealth.B．Benefitsofreadingtoothers.C．Changesinthecognitiveprocess.D．Developmentofsocialskills.6．WhatdoesNeilBush'sexperienceprove?A．Readingbenefitsmorethanthelistener.B．Parentsshouldreadmoretotheirkids.C．Childrenshouldshowtheirgratitude.D．Readingtoparentsischildren'sduty.7．Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutreadingtoanelderlyadult?A．Improperandodd.B．Abnormalbutworthy.C．Rewardingandjoyful.D．Interestingbutunnecessary.C[2022·青岛高中质量检测]Nobodywantstosnackonplasticbagsorsodarings,butaccordingtoarecentstudyfromtheUniversityofNewcastle,wecouldbeconsumingroughlyacreditcard'sworthofplasticeveryweek.Microplastics,whicharelessthanaquarter­inchsizeandcomeinvariousshapes,havepollutedthenaturalworldandinfiltrated(渗入)ourbodies.Thefirstcluetomicroplasticexposureinhumanscamearound2013,whenscientistsdiscoveredplasticparticlesinseafoodpreparedforconsumption.Butin2019,whentheUniversityofNewcastlestudywaspublished,thescientificcommunityunderstoodthattheproblemwasconsiderablybroader.Microplasticsshedoffclothesandtiresandhavebeenfoundinbeer,honey,tablesaltandotherfooditems.Webreatheinplasticstayingintheairanddrinkplasticfloatinginourdrinks.It'snostretchtoconcludethatourexposureissignificant.Whatwedon'tknowiswhatthismeansforus.Theamountofevidencecollectedonthis__subjectisgrowingrapidly,accordingtoScottCoffin,atoxicologist(毒理学家).Studiesdoneonmiceandratshavefoundthatplasticintheirbodiescanseverelydamagecellsandcausestress.Becausemicroplasticsaretoosmalltocleanup,theonlysolutionistostopplasticwasteatthesource.Anddoingsowouldtakeathoroughadjustment,giventhatplasticisdeeplyembeddedinoureconomyandlifestyle.Stoppingusingthemwouldfundamentallyaffectcountlessindustries,includingtextiles(纺织业),transportationandmanufacturing.“Ithinkweneedtohavemorestudiescomingoutthataredirectlyrelatedtohumanhealthbeforeweseealotmoreconcernfromthegeneralpublic，”Scottsaid.“Ittakesalottoconvincepeoplethatsomethingthatisreallyconvenientforthemtouseissomethingtheyshouldsacrifice.”Thequestionofmicroplasticsandhumanhealthneedsmoreattention—fromthescientificcommunity,thegeneralpublic,thegovernmentandfundinggroups.Theissueisn'tbeingignored,butit'snotbeingprioritizedeither.8．Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytellusaboutmicroplastics?A．Theirwideusageindailylife.B．Theirharmtohumanhealth.C．Theirsignificantexposureinhumans.D．Thenewstudyconductedonthem.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thissubject”referto?A．Thewaythatmicroplasticsexist.B．Thepollutioncausedbymicroplastics.C．Therelationshipbetweenmicroplasticsandhumanhealth.D．Thereasonfortheexistenceofmicroplastics.10．HowtosolvetheproblemaccordingtoScott?A．Tocutdownplasticproduction.B．Tocarryoutmorestudiesonmiceandrats.C.Toinventsomethingmoreconvenientthanplastic.D．Topromotepeople'sawarenessontheharmbroughtbymicroplastic.11．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthepassage?A．Ismicroplasticpollutionharmfultoourhealth?B．Whyismicroplasticpollutioneverywhere?C．Whyisplasticharmful?D．Whatdoyouknowaboutmicroplastics?D[2022·南昌市模拟]Theteam,ledbyMichaelT．Tolley,aprofessorofmechanicalengineeringattheJacobsSchoolofEngineeringatUCSanDiego,detailsitsfindingsintheFeb.17,2021issueofthejournalScienceRobotics.“Thisworkrepresentsafundamentalyetsignificantsteptowardsfully­autonomous,electronics­freewalkingrobots，”saidDylanDrotman,aPhDstudentinTolley'sresearchgroupandthepaper'sfirstauthor.Applicationsincludelow­costrobotsforentertainment,suchastoys,androbotsthatcanoperateinenvironmentswhereelectronicscannotfunction,suchasMRImachines.Softrobotsareofparticularinterestbecausetheyeasilyadapttotheirenvironmentandoperatesafelynearhumans.Mostsoftrobotsarepoweredbyairandarecontrolledbyelectroniccircuits.Butthisapproachrequirescomplexcomponentslikecircuitboards,valves(阀门)andpumps—oftenoutsidetherobot'sbody.TheseComponents,whichmakeuptherobot'sbrainandnervoussystem,aretypicallylargeandexpensive.Bycontrast,theUCSanDiegorobotiscontrolledbyalightweight,low­costsystemofair­poweredcircuits,madeupoftubesandsoftvalves,onboardtherobotitself.Therobotcanwalkoncommandorinresponsetosignalsitsensesfromtheenvironment.“Withourapproach,youcouldmakeaverycomplexroboticBrain，”saidTolley,thestudy'sseniorauthor.“Ourfocusherewastomakethesimplestair­powerednervoussystemneededtocontrolwalking.”Inthefuture,researcherswanttoimprovetherobot'swaystowalksoitcanwalkonnaturalfieldsandunevensurfaces.Thiswouldallowtherobottonavigateoveravarietyofobstacles(障碍).Thiswouldrequireamorecomplicatednetworkofsensorsandasaresultamorecomplexair­poweredsystem.Theteamwillalsolookathowthetechnologycouldbeusedtocreaterobots,whichareinpartcontrolledbyair­poweredcircuitsforsomefunctions,suchaswalking.12．Whatistheachievementoftheteam'sstudy?A．Theirrobotscanwalkahugestep.B．Theirrobotsworkfollowingcommands.C．Theirstudygetstheirelectronicsforfree.D．Theyfindanewtechniqueinwalkingrobots.13．Whatcantheteam'srobotsbeappliedtofromthepassage?A．Toycompanies'products.B．Environmentalprotection.C．Humansafety.D．Factorieswithoutworkers.14．Whatwilltheresearchersprobablydo?A．Changethewayofpower.B.Helprobotswalkashumans.C．Improverobotstoavoidobstacles.D.Buildanetworktocontrolrobots.15．Whatisthepassagemainlytalkingabout?A．Theintroductiontoelectronics­freewalkingrobots.B．Thefunctionsofnewly­developedrobots.C．Theapplicationsofsoftwalkingrobots.D．Thewaystoimprovetraditionalrobots.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。[2022·山西名校测评]Willyouraiseyourhandstospeakactively,ordoyoujustremainaquietlistenerinclass?It'snotunusualforteenstoavoidansweringquestionsinfrontofothersbecausetheyaretooshyortooafraidofbeingmistaken.Sometimes,however,alackofself­confidencecanarisefromfeelingsofinsecurity.__1__.Butrememberit'sanormalfeelingthatyoucanandshouldchange!__2__．Ifyouhaveafearthatpeoplewillseeyourshortcomings,youwillfinditdifficulttoassertyourself.Inbuildingself­confidence,yourfirstgoalistodeveloparealisticunderstandingofyourstrengthsandweaknesses.You'llhavetotakeatoughfirststepandlookinsideyourself.Celebrateyourstrengths.It'snotsufficienttoidentifyyourweaknessesoryourproblemareas.__3__.Youcangetdowntodoingthisbymakingabiglistofthingsyouhaveaccomplishedandthethingsyoudowell.Haveyoueversparedthetimetoexploreyourstrengths?Youwerebornwithsomenaturaltalent,whetheryouhavediscovereditornot.Areyouartistic?Canyouorganizethings?Doyounavigatewell?Ifyoucandoanyofthemwell,youhavetraitstocherish!Changeyourbehaviour.__4__，whichwillhelpyoufightofffeelingsofnegativity.Exerciseandgetenoughsleep.Complimentothersontheirstrengthsandyouwillfindthatotherpeoplewillreturnthefavourandcomplimentyougive.Allthesebehaviouraltraitsimproveourmoods.Useathirdpersonapproach.Thereisaninterestingstudythatshowsthattheremaybeatricktomeetourbehaviouralgoalsmorequickly.Thetrick?__5__，orwhenyougothroughtheprocessofenhancingyourself­imageandbuildingupyourself­confidence.A．YoualsohavegreataspectsaboutyourselfthatyouaresupposedtoexploreB．SometimeswehaveawfulfeelingsaboutourselvesandweoftenburythemdeepinsideC．Understandthecauseforyourlackofself­confidenceD．ThinkofyourselfassomeoneelseasyouevaluateyourprogressE．ButitishealthytorootoutsomethinghiddendeepinsideandworkthroughitF．NeverlosefaithinyourownstrengthsandpotentialG．Youcanincreaseself­confidencebyadjustingyourself,suchassmilingmore课下天天练(三十六)40分阅读提分练第一节A语篇类型：应用文主题语境：人与社会——广告——志愿者招募广告【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了几个志愿者工作——教育助理、沼泽助理、研究助理和水族馆助理。1．答案与解析：A考查理解具体信息的能力。根据EducationAssistant部分中的“Assisteducationstaffwitheverydayschoolwork”可知，教育助理需要协助教职工做好学校的日常工作，故A项正确。2．答案与解析：D考查理解具体信息的能力。根据Aquaria(水族馆)Assistant部分中的“Providecarefor...attheweekend”可知，水族馆助理需要在周末上班，故适合工作日较忙的人，所以D项正确。3．答案与解析：C考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的“Volunteersareavitalpartofourmissionofprovidinghigh­qualityenvironmentaleducationalprogrammes”可知，志愿者需要关爱环境，故C项正确。B语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会——人际关系——为年迈的父母读书【语篇解读】Linda的父亲即将进行心脏病手术，可是她和父亲的交流很令人沮丧。之后她开始为父亲读书，这改变了氛围，缓和了父女俩的关系。其实，给年迈的父母读书会给双方都带来乐趣。4．答案与解析：A考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的“Readinggave...connectwithherfather”可知，阅读成了Linda和她的父亲之间建立亲密关系的一种方式，故A项正确。5．答案与解析：B考查理解段落主旨要义的能力。通读第二段可知，该段第一句为主旨句，再结合该段尾句“Intruth,almostanykindofreading...canbebeneficial”可知，该段主要陈述了给其他人阅读的好处，故B项正确。6．答案与解析：A考查推断的能力。根据第三段第一句可知，给他人阅读的一方也会有所收获；根据第三段尾句可知，能够给父母读他们的人生经历对他来说也是一件幸事。据此可以判断，不仅仅是倾听者，读的一方也能从阅读中获益。故A项正确。7．答案与解析：C考查理解观点、态度的能力。根据第三段第一句“Readersgetrewardstoo”可知，读的一方在阅读时会得到回报；再根据尾段尾句中的“thejoyofit”可知，为年迈的人阅读会令人愉快，故C项正确。C语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会——研究发现——微塑料威胁人类健康【语篇解读】没有人想以塑料为食，但微塑料——塑料的微小颗粒——因其体积小、形式多样，已经深深地渗入到我们生活中的各个方面。研究表明，微塑料会破坏细胞、造成压力。对待微塑料问题，应从源头做彻底的调整，不能完全禁止。与此同时，还要提高公众健康意识，牺牲微塑料给人类生活带来的便利性。8．答案与解析：C考查理解段落主旨要义的能力。根据第二段内容尤其是“Thefirstcluetomicroplasticexposure”可知，微塑料已经渗入到我们的体内，例如：海产品、啤酒、蜂蜜、食盐、呼吸的空气、饮料等。故第二段主要告知我们人类接触微塑料的情况很显著。故C项正确。9．答案与解析：C考查理解词汇的能力。前两段讲述微塑料已经渗入到我们的体内，存在形式多样，在人类生活中几乎无处不在，再结合全文讲微塑料和健康的关系可推知，画线词所在句应是，关于微塑料和人类健康的关系的证据越来越多。故C项正确。10．答案与解析：D考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第五段尾句可知，Scott认为，人们应该牺牲因便利而使用的塑料，但要让人们相信这一点，需要做很多工作。即要解决这个问题，需要提高人们关于微塑料带给人们的伤害的意识。故D项正确。11．答案与解析：A考查理解文章主旨要义的能力。本文主要讲述微塑料已经渗入到我们生