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郑州轻工业学院毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译院系电子信息工程专业班级电子信息工程学生姓名靖世敏学号540901030111外文出处附件:1.外文资料翻译译文(约3000汉字);2。外文资料原文(与课题相关的1万印刷符号左右)。指导教师评语:指导教师签名:年月日英文原文ThesimulationandtherealizationofthedigitalfilterWiththeinformationageandtheadventofthedigitalworld,digitalcessinghasbecomeoneoftoday'smostimportantdisciplinesanddoortechnology。Digitalsignalprocessingincommunications,voice,images,automaticcontrol,radar,military,aerospace,medicalandhouseholdappliances,andmanyotherfieldswidelyapplied.Inthedigitalsignalprocessingapplications,thedigitalfilterisimportantandhasbeenwidelyapplied.1、figuresUniton:AnaloganddigitalfiltersInsignalprocessing,thefunctionofafilteristoremoveunwantedpartsofthesignal,suchasrandomnoise,ortoextractusefulpartsofthesignal,suchasthecomponentslyingwithinacertainfrequencyrange.Thefollowingblockdiagramillustratesthebasicidea.Therearetwomainkindsoffilter,analoganddigital。Theyarequitedifferentintheirphysicalmakeupandinhowtheywork。Ananalogfilterusesanalogelectroniccircuitsmadeupfromcomponentssuchasresistors,capacitorsandopampstoproducetherequiredfilteringeffect.Suchfiltercircuitsarewidelyusedinsuchapplicationsasnoisereduction,videosignalenhancement,graphicequilibriuminhi—fisystems,andmanyotherareas.Therearewell-establishedstandardtechniquesfordesigningananalogfiltercircuitforagivenrequirement.Atallstages,thesignalbeingfilteredisanelectricalvoltageorcurrentwhichisthedirectanalogueofthephysicalquantity(e。g。asoundorvideosignalortransduceroutput)involved.Adigitalfilterusesadigitalprocessortoperformnumericalcalculationsonsampledvaluesofthesignal。Theprocessormaybeageneral-purposecomputersuchasaPC,oraspecializedDSP(DigitalSignalProcessor)chip。TheanaloginputsignalmustfirstbesampledanddigitizedusinganADC(analogtodigitalconverter).Theresultingbinarynumbers,representingsuccessivesampledvaluesoftheinputsignal,aretransferredtotheprocessor,whichcarriesoutnumericalcalculationsonthem.Thesecalculationstypicallyinvolvemultiplyingtheinputvaluesbyconstantsandaddingtheproductstogether.Ifnecessary,theresultsofthesecalculations,whichnowrepresentsampledvaluesofthefilteredsignal,areoutputthroughaDAC(digitaltoanalogconverter)toconvertthesignalbacktoanalogform.Notethatinadigitalfilter,thesignalisrepresentedbyasequenceofnumbers,ratherthanavoltageorcurrent.Thefollowingdiagramshowsthebasicsetupofsuchasystem.ﻫUnitreferstotheinputsignalsusedtofilterhardwareorsoftware.Ifthefilterinput,outputsignalsareseparated,theyareboundtorespondtotheimpactoftheUnitisseparated,suchasdigitalfiltersfilterdefinition.Digitalfilterfunction,whichwastoimportsequencesXtransformationintoexportoperationsthroughaseriesY。Accordingtofiguresfilterfunction24—hourliveresponsecharacteristics,digitalfilterscanbedividedintotwo,namely,unlimitedlonglivelonglivethecorrespondingIIRfilterandthelimitedresponsetoFIRfilters.IIRfiltershavetheadvantageofthedigitalfilterdesigncanusesimulationresults,andsimulationfilterdesignofalargenumberoftablesmayfacilitatesimple.Itistheshortcomingsofthenonlinearphase;Linearphaseifrequired,willusetheentirenetworkphase-correction。Imageprocessingandtransmissionofdatacollectionisrequiredwithlinearphasefiltersidentity.AndFIRlinearphasedigitalfiltertoachieve,butanarbitrarymargincharacteristics。Impactfromthedigitalfilterresponseoftheunitscanbedividedintotwobroadcategories:theimpactofthelimitedresponse(FIR)filters,andunlimitednumberofshocksto(IIR)digitalfilters。FIRfilterscanbestrictlylinearphase,butbecausethesystemFIRfilterfunctionextremityfixedattheoriginalpoint,itcanonlyusethehighernumberofbandstoachievetheirhighselectivityforthesamefilterdesignindicatorsFIRfiltercalledbandthanafewhigh—IIR5-10times,thecostishigher,Signaldelayisalsolarger.Butifthesamelinearphase,IIRfiltersmustbenetwork-widecalibrationphase,thesamesectionalsoincreasethenumberoffiltersanworkcomplexity。FIRfilterscanbeusedtherecursivemethod,notinalimitedprecisionofashock,andintothehomesandquantitativefactorsofuncertaintyarisingfromtheimpactoferrorsthanIIRfiltersmallnumber,andFIRfiltercanbeusedFFTalgorithms,thecomputationalspeed。ButunlikeIIRfiltercanfilterthroughthesimulationresults,thereisnoready-madeformulaFIRfiltermustusecomputer—aideddesignsoftware(suchasMATLAB)tocalculate.So,abroaderapplicationofFIRfilters,andIIRfiltersarenotverystrictrequirementsonoccasions.Unitfromsub—functionscanbedividedintothefollowingfourcategories:(1)Low-filter(LPF);(2)high-filter(HPF);(3)belt—filter(BPF);(4)topreventfilter(BSF)。Thefollowingchartdottedlinefortheidealsofthefilterfrequencycharacteristics:2、MATLABintroducedMATLABisamatrixlaboratory(MatrixLaboratory)isintended.Inadditiontoanexcellentvaluecalculationcapability,italsoprovidesprofessionalsymbolsterms,cessing,visualizationmodeling,simulationandreal-timecontrolfunctions。MATLABastheworld'stopmathematicalsoftwareapplications,withastrongenginputing,algorithmsresearch,engineeringdrawings,applicationsdevelopment,dataanalysisanddynamicsimulation,andotherfunctions,inaerospace,mechanicalmanufacturingandconstructionfieldsplayinganincreasinglyimportantrole.AndtheClanguagefunctionrich,theuseofflexibility,high-efficiencygoalsprocedures.Highlanguagebothadvantagesaswellaslowlevellanguagefeatures.Therefore,Clanguageisthemostwidelyusedprogramminglanguage.AlthoughMATLABisacomplete,fullyfunctionalprogrammingenvironment,butinsomecases,dataandprocedureswiththeexternalenvironmentoftheworldisverynecessaryanduseful.FilterdesignusingMATLAB,couldbeadjustedwiththedesignrequirementsandfiltercharacteristicsoftheparameters,visualsimple,greatlyreducingtheworkloadforthefilterdesignoptimization.Intheelectricitysystemprotectionandsecondarycomputercontrol,manysignalprocessingandanalysisarebasedonarecertaintypessinusoidalwaveandthesecondharmonicsofthesystemvoltageandcurrentsignals(especiallyatDprocess),aremixedwithavarietyofcomplexcomponents,thefilterhasbeeninstalledpowersystemduringthecriticalcomponents。Currentcomputerprotectionandtheintroductionoftwodigitalsignalprocessingsoftwaremainfilter.Digitalfilterdesignusingtraditionalcumbersomeformula,theneedtochangetheparametersafterrecalculation,especiallyinhighfilters,filterdesignworkload.UsesMATLABsignalprocessingboxescanachieverapidandeffectivedigitalfilterdesignandsimulation.MATLABisthebasicunitofdatamatrix,withitsdirectivesexpressionmathematics,engineering,commonlyusedformisverysimilar,itisusedtosolveaproblemthaninMATLABC,FortranandotherlanguagesEndprecisionmuchthesamething。ThepopularMATLAB5。3/Simulink3。0includinghundredsofinternalfunctionwiththemainpackand30typesoftoolkits(Toolbox)。kitscanbedividedintofunctionaltoolkitsanddisciplinestoolkit。MATLABtoolkitusedtoexpandthefunctionalsymbolsterms,visualizationmodelingsimulation,wordprocessingandreal—timecontrolfunctions。professionaldisciplinestoolkitisastrongertoolkits,toolkitscontrol,signalprocessingtoolkit,toolkits,etc。belongingtosuchcommunicationsMATLABuserstoopenwidelywelcomed.Inadditiontotheinternalfunction,allthepackagesMATLABtoolkitsarereadabledocumentandthedocumentcouldbeamended,modifiedorusersthroughoriginalprogramtheconstructionofnewprocedurestopreparethemselvesforkits.3、DigitalfilterdesignDigitalfilterdesignofthebasicrequirementsDigitalfilterdesignmustgothroughthreesteps:(1)Identificationofindicators:Inthedesignofafilter,theremustbesomeindicators.Theseindicatorsshouldbedeterminedonthebasisoftheapplication。Inmanypracticalapplications,digitalfiltersareoftenusedtoachievethefrequencyoperation.Therefore,indicatorsintheformofgeneraljurisdictiongivenfrequencyrangeandphaseresponse。Marginskeyindicatorsgivenintwoways。Thefirstisabsoluteindicators.ItprovidesafunctiontorespondtothedemandsofthegeneralapplicationofFIRfilterdesign。Thesecondindicatoristherelativeindicators.Itsvalueintheformofanswerstodecibels。Inengineeringpractice,themostpopularofsuchindicators.Forphaseresponseindicatorsforms,usuallyinthehopethatthesystemwithalinearphasefrequencybandshuman。Usinglinearphasefilterdesignwiththefollowingresponsetotheindicatorsstrengths:①itonlycontainsafewalgorithms,nopluraloperations;②thereisdelaydistortion,onlyafixedamountofdelay;③thefilterlengthN(numberofbandsforN-1),thevolumecalculationforN/2magnitude.(2)Modelapproach:Onceidentifiedindicatorscanuseapreviousstudyofthebasicprinciplesandrelationships,afiltermodeltobeclosertothetargetsystem。(3)Achieved:theresultsoftheabovetwofilters,usuallybydifferentialequations,systemfunctionorpulseresponsetodescribe。Accordingtothisdescriptionofhardwareorsoftwareusedtoachieveit。4、IntroductionofDSPToday,DSPiswidelyusedinthemoderntechnologyandithasbeenthekeypartofmanyproductsandplayedmoreandmoreimportantroleinourdailylifeRecently,NorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversityAviationMicroelectronicCenterhascompletedthedesignofdigitalsignalprocessorcoreNDSP25,whichisaimingatTMS320C25digitalsignalprocessorofTexasInstrumentTMS320series.Byusingtop2downdesignflowNDSP25iscompatiblewithinstructionandinterfacetimingofTMS320C25。Digitalsignalprocessors(DSP)isafitforreal-timedigitalsignalprocessingforhigh—speeddedicatedprocessors,themainvarietyusedforreal-timedigitalsignalprocessingtoachieverapidalgorithms.Intoday'sdigitalagebackground,theDSPhasbecomethecommunications,computer,andconsumerelectronicsproducts,andotherfieldsbaseddevice.Digitalsignalprocessorsanddigitalsignalprocessingisinseparably,weusuallysay"DSP"canalsomeanthedigitalsignalprocessing(DigitalSignalProcessing),isthatinthisdigitalsigncessorsLane.Digitalsignalprocessingisacovermanydisciplinesappliedtomanyareasanddisciplines,referstotheuseofcomputersorspecializedprocessingequipment,thesignalsindigitalformforthecollection,conversion,recovery,valuation,enhancement,compression,identification,processing,thesignalsarecompliantform。Digitalsignalprocessorsfordigitalsignalprocessingdevices,itisaccompaniedbyadigitalsignalprocessingtoproduce.DSPdevelopmentprocessisbroadlydividedintothreephases:the20thcenturytothe1970stheorythatthe1980sand1990sforthedevelopmentofproducts.BeforetheemergenceofthedigitalsignalprocessingintheDSPcanonlyrelyonmicroprocessors(MPU)tocomplete。However,theadvantageoflowerhigh—speedreal-timeprocessingcannotmeettherequirements.Therefore,untilthe1970s,atalentmadebasedDSPtheoryandalgorithms.WithLSItechnologydevelopmentin1982wasthefirstrecipientoftheworldgavebirthtotheDSPchip。Yearslater,thesecondgenerationbasedonCMOS工艺DSPchipshaveemerged。Thelate1980s,theadventofthethirdgenerationofDSPchips。DSPisthefastest-growing1990s,therehavebeenfoursuccessivefive-generationandthegenerationDSPdevices。After20yearsofdevelopment,theapplicationofDSPproductshasbeenextendedtopeople'slearning,workandallaspectsoflifeandgraduallybecomeelectronicsproductsdeterminants。中文翻译数字滤波器的仿真与实现随着信息时代和数字世界的到来,数字信号处理已成为当今一门极其重要的学科和技术领域。数字信号处理在通信、语音、图像、自动控制、雷达、军事、航空航天、医疗和家用电器等众多领域得到了广泛的应用.在数字信号处理应用中,数字滤波器十分重要并已获得广泛应用。1、数字滤波器介绍:模拟和数字滤波器在信号处理、过滤功能是一个不排除部分信息,如随机噪音、提取有用的信号部分,如部分地势在一定的频率范围.以下方框图说明基本思路。有两大类型的过滤,模拟以及数字.他们是完全不同的物理结构,如何工作。类比电子电路模拟用的过滤部分组成,例如由电阻、电容、放大器和生产所需的过滤效果。这种过滤器被广泛使用的电路减少噪音等方面的应用,提高视频信号、图像均衡的高科技传真系统等众多领域.有完善的技术标准设计的模拟电路进行过滤特定要求.在各个阶段,是一个信号,是电机电压和过滤,目前直接的物理模拟量(例如声音或视频信号和变频器生产)处理。数码过滤用数字进行数值计算处理器的信号抽样值.处理器的可能通用计算机等PC或专业发展计划图(数字信号处理器)芯片。模拟信号必须先投入使用的取样和数码艺术发展局(模拟到数字转换器).由此二元多,占抽样连续输入信号的价值,转移到处理器,进行数字计算.这些计算通常涉及多方面的投入和增加产品价值的共同因素。如有必要,这些计算结果,现在是抽样信号值的过滤,产出通过发展援助委员会(类比数位转换器来)信号转换回模拟形式。看到一个数字过滤,信号是由一系列数字,而不是电压或逆流.以下图表显示了这种制度的基本格局:滤波器是指用来对输入信号进行滤波的硬件或软件。如果滤波器的输入、输出都是离散信号,则该滤波器的冲击响应也必然是离散的,这样的滤波器定义为数字滤波器。数字滤波器的功能,就是把输入序列X通过一定的运算变换成输出序列Y。根据数字滤波器冲激响应函数的时域特性,可将数字滤波器分为两种,即无限长冲激相应IIR滤波器和有限长冲激响应FIR滤波器.IIR数字滤波器的优点是可以利用模拟滤波器设计的结果,而模拟滤波器的设计有大量图表可查,方便简单。它的缺点是相位的非线性;若需要线性相位,则要采用全通网络进行相位校正.图象处理以及数据采集传输都要求滤波器具有线性相位特性。而FIR数字滤波器可以实现线性相位,又可具有任意幅度特性。从数字滤波器的单位冲击响应来看,可分为两大类:有限冲击响应(FIR)数字滤波器和无限冲击响应(IIR)数字滤波器。FIR滤波器却可以得到严格的线性相位,然而由于FIR滤波器的系统函数的极点固定在原点,所以只能用较高的阶数来实现其高选择性,对于同样的滤波器设计指标,FIR滤波器所要求的阶数要比IIR高5至10倍,所以成本较高,信号延迟也较大.但是如果要求相同的线性相位,则IIR滤波器就必须加全通网络进行相位校正,同样也要增加滤波器网络的节数和复杂性。FIR滤波器可以用非递归的方法实现,在有限精度下不会产生振荡,同时由于量化舍入以及系数的不确定性所引起的误差的影响要比IIR滤波器小的多,并且FIR滤波器可以采用FFT算法,运算速度快.但是不象IIR滤波器可以借助模拟滤波器的成果,FIR滤波器没有现成的计算公式,必须要用计算机辅助设计软件(如MATLAB)来计算。由此可知,FIR滤波器应用比较广,而IIR滤波器则用在相位要求不是很严格的场合。滤波器从功能上分又可分为如下4类:(1)低通滤波器(LPF);(2)高通滤波器(HPF);(3)带通滤波器(BPF);(4)带阻滤波器(BSF)。理想滤波器的幅频特性下图虚线为:2、MATLAB介绍:MATLAB是矩阵实验室(MatrixLaboratory)之意。除具备卓越的数值计算能力外,它还提供了专业水平的符号计算,文字处理,可视化建模仿真和实时控制等功能。MATLAB作为世界顶尖的数学应用软件,以其强大的工程计算、算法研究、工程绘图、应用程序开发、数据分析和动态仿真等功能,在航空航天、机械制造和工程建筑等领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。而HYPERLINK"http://www。bc—/Article/kfyy/cyy/Index.html"\t”_blank”C语言功能丰富,使用灵活方便,目标程序效率高.既有高级语言的优点,又有低级语言的特点。因此,HYPERLINK"http://www.bc—cn.net/Article/kfyy/cyy/Index.html”\t"_blank”C语言是目前应用最广的编程语言。虽然MATLAB是一个完整的、功能齐全的编程环境,但在某些情况下,与外部环境的数据和程序的交互是非常必须而且有益的。利用MATLAB设计滤波器,可以随时对比设计要求和滤波器特性调整参数,直观简便,极大的减轻了工作量,有利于滤波器设计的最优化。在电力系统微机保护和二次控制中,很多信号的处理与分析都是基于正旋基波和某些整次谐波而进行的,而系统电压电流信号(尤其是故障瞬变过程)中混有各种复杂成分,所以滤波器一直是电力系统二次装置的关键部件。目前微机保护和二次信号处理软件主要采用数字滤波器。传统的数字滤波器设计使用繁琐的公式计算,改变参数后需要重新计算,在设计滤波器尤其是高阶滤波器时工作量很大。利用MATLAB信号处理箱可以快速有效地实现数字滤波器的设计与仿真.MATLAB的基本数据单位是矩阵,它的指令表达式与数学,工程中常用的形式十分相似,故用MATLAB来解算问题要比用C,FORTRA

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