高二英语期中考试

高二英语期中考试II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.SwimmingwaytosuccessWhatdoesittaketograduatefromauniversity?Many(1)sayallyouhavetodoistakeclassesandpasstheexams.Well,itrequiresmorethanitifyou’reastudentatTsinghuaUniversity.StartingthisSeptember,freshmenattheuniversitywillhavetotakeswimmingcourses.Iftheyfailaswimmingtestatthebeginningoftheiruniversitycourse,theywon’treceivetheirdegree(2)theycanpassthetestsuccessfully,accordingtoanannouncementbyTsinghuaUniversitypresidentQiuYong.Exceptions(3)(allow)forstudentswithcertainphysicalormentalconditions,ifprovedbymedicalstaff.LiuBo,headoftheDivisionofSportsScienceandPhysicalEducation,explained(4)theuniversityislinkingswimmingabilitywithdegrees.“Asarequisite(必要的)survivalskill,swimmingisbeneficialforstudentsinthelongrun,sinceswimmingishelpfulinimprovingstudents’enduranceandis(5)(harmful)tojoints(关节)andmusclesasawatersport,”hetoldChinaDaily.Viewingtheability(6)(swim)asamustforstudentsisnotsomethingnewtothisuniversity-itwasalsoarequirementintheearly20thcentury.Itwaslaterdropped(7)arisingnumberofstudentsandalackoffacilities.BesidesTsinghuaUniversity,PekingUniversityandXiamenUniversityhavealsolistedswimmingasacompulsorycourseforstudents.However,theannouncementhascausedaheateddebate.Somewelcomedthenewrule,sayingit’sanecessaryskillthatcansavelives.“Swimmingisafundamental(基本的)skill.It’sawaytostayhealthyandislifesavinginemergencysituations.Ibelievemaking(8)mandatory(强制的)isnecessary,”YuanJiaxiang,ajuniorinTsinghua’sDepartmentofCivilEngineering,toldChinaDaily.However,somesaidithasnothingtodowithgettingadegree.“It’snotreasonabletorequirepeopletobeabletoswimforthemtograduate,”ZhengXiaoyu,ahighschoolstudentfromtheMiddleSchoolAffiliatedtoNorthernJiaotongUniversity,toldChinaDaily.“Foralotofpeoplewhogrewupininlandcities,learninghowtoswimasanadultwillbedifficult.”Infact,Chineseuniversitiesarenottheonlyeducationorganizations(9)encouragetheirstudentstoswim.AfewcollegesintheUnitedStates-includingCornell,ColumbiaandMIT-offerswimclassestostudents.“Anything(10)(prevent)peoplefromdyingneedlesslyisavaluableskill,”FredDeBruyn,directorofaquatics(水上运动)atCornell,toldTheNewYorkTimes.【答案】1.may/might 2.until 3.willbeallowed 4.why 5.lessharmful 6.toswim 7.dueto/becauseof/owingto 8.it 9.that 10.preventing 【分析】1.考察主谓之间填情态动词，诸多人也许会说......，不是很确定，因此用may.2.按照句义，他们将得不到他们的学位除非能成功通过考试，not...until...。3.考察动词，首先确定本句没有谓语，应当是谓语动词，然后是例外会被容许而不是积极，最终确定主将从现，因此用willbeallowed.4.考察宾语从句，解释之后应当解释为何，因此是why。5.考察形容词，这里在讲游泳的好处，因此应是lessharmfultojointsandmusles.6.考察非谓语，theabilitytodosth,做某事的能力。7.考察连词，这件事情后来被放下了由于......原因，因此填dueto。8.考察代词，这里是it作making的宾语，把这件事变为强制的是很必要的，it代指游泳。9.考察定语从句，中国大学不是唯一做某事的组织，定从缺主语，填that/which,不过前面有theonly,因此只能填that.。10.考察非谓语，句子中已经有谓语动词is。任何制止人们死亡的事情是积极，因此用doing。SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.AA.impactsB.remindedC.debtD.variesAB.significantlyAC.equallyAD.associatedBC.dependingBD.estimatesCD.additionABC.adaptIfyoucan’tseemtocatchenoughZ’sduringtheweek,you’renotalone.Butbadthingshappentoyourbodywhenyou’resleep-deprived,notleastofwhichisweightgain.Well,here’ssomegoodnews:Sleepinginontheweekendtomakeupforsleeplostduringtheweekis(1)withlowerbodymassindex(BMI),accordingtoastudypublishedintheOxfordUniversityPressjournalSleep.Theresearchers,acollaborationofscientistsbasedinBoston,Massachusetts,andtheRepublicofKorean,soughttodetermineifwhattheyrefertoas“catch-upsleep”(2)bodymassindex(BMI)inthegeneralpopulation.Todoso,theyconductedface-to-faceinterviewsofarandomsamplingof2,156adults,comparingtheirsleephabitswiththeirBMIscores.The932participantswhosleptin–“catch-upsleepers”(peoplewhosleeplongerontheweekendthanonweekdaysbyapproximatelytwohours)hada(n)(3)lowerBMIthantheothersubjects.What’smore,everyadditionalhourofcatch-upsleepwaslinkedwithadecreaseinBMI.Astowhysleepinginonweekendscanleadtoweightloss,oneofthestudyco-authors,RobertThomas,MD,MMSc,oftheDivisionofPulmonary,CriticalCareandSleepMedicine,DepartmentofMedicineattheBethIsraelDeaconessMedicalCenterinBoston,(4)Reader’sDigestofthe“substantial(大量的)experimentalandepidemiological(流行病学的)datathatshortsleepcontributestoweightgain.”Henotes,“ourbest(5)asresearchersarethattherearebalancestobekept,andthebodycanadjustand(6)withinreason.Catch-upsleepallowsthebasicbalancetobemaintained.”AlthoughthestudyshowedsignificantdifferencesinBMIwiththe(7)oftwoormorehoursofcatch-upsleep,Dr.Thomaspointsoutthatthereare“substantialindividualdifferences,”suchthatthebenefitwegetfromthoseextrahourswillvary(8)onhowmuchsleepeachofusgenerallyneeds.“Todetermineyouroptionalsleep,youcantrackthetimespentsleepingonnightswhenthereisnoneedtowakeuptoanalarm,”suggestsLizaBaker,ahealthcoachatSimplyHealthCoaching.Thattellsyouabouthowmanyhoursofsleepyourbodylikestoget,sinceit(9)greatlyacrossthepopulation,fromjust4to5hoursto9to10hours.Socanyouactuallylostweightbysleepinginontheweekend?Onlyifyou’repayingoffasleep(10)fromtheweek,accordingtotheresultofthisstudy.Ithelpsifyou’realsoeatingless,Dr.Thomasadds.【答案】1.AD2.A3.AB4.B5.BD 6.ABC7.CD 8.BC 9.D 10.C【分析】1.首先可以判断该空填形容词，根据句义可知：周末补觉会减少BMI，结合前后be…with,联想到固定搭配beassociatedwith,因此该空填ADassociated，联络，与……有关。2.首先可以判断该空填名词，根据句义可知：研究人员但愿判断出所谓的“补觉”能否影响大部分人的BMI，因此填A.impacts，影响。3.首先可以判断该空填副词，然后根据句义可知填ABsignificantly，较大程度上。4.首先可以判断该空填动词，根据句义：周末补觉可以减肥这件事使人联想到缺觉导致增肥，因此填B.reminded，使人联想到。5.首先可以判断该空填名词，根据句义判断填BD,estimates估计。6.首先可以判断该空填动词原形，根据句义可知填ABCadapt适应。7.首先可以判断该空填名词，根据句义说额外睡了2小时的BMI差异，因此填CDaddition，额外，增长。8.首先可以判断该空填动词，根据句意：额外睡眠的好处根据没人总体所需睡眠时间而不一样，因此填BCdepending，取决于。9.首先可以判断该空填一种动词，根据句义：个人所需睡眠时间因人而异，因此填D.varies，不一样。10.首先可以判断该空填名词，前文有payoff，因此填C.debt，还债。BA.affordableB.featureC.limitedD.substituteAB.suitAC.guideAD.availableBC.alternativeBD.enhanceCD.originalABC.combiningGohi-techthisholidayIfyou’vebeensearchingforareasontopickupthatlatestgadget,thenwhatbettertimethanChristmas?There’snoshortageofinnovative,forward-thinkingandfuturisticproductsonthemarkettoday,astechnologytakescenterstageonmanypeople’sfestivewishlists.Here,weofferafestivegadget(小玩意)(1)thatwillhelpyoutakeacloserlookatthreeoftech’shottestcategories.VirtualrealityVRProbablythemostexcitingtechdevelopmentofrecenttimes,virtualreality(VR)hasarrived,withenoughoptions(2)totheconsumerwho’ssearchingforanextradoseofhigh-techfunthisChristmas.Thecheapestwaytogetahigh-endVRexperiencecomescourtesyofSony.ItsPlayStationVRdoesn’trequireatricked-outPCorexpensivephone-itworkswiththePlaystation4consoleandcomeswithafewgreatgamesinitslibrary.Therearesomeaccessoriesyoucanpurchaseto(3)theexperience,butifyou’vealreadygotaPS4youcanentertheworldofVRforjust$400(2780yuan).hasbeentheyearofVRandassuchmany(4)toSony’screationexist.High-endofferingsliketheHTCViveandOculusRift,aswellasmobileoptionslikeSamsung’sGearVR,willgetyourheadinthegame.Wirelessheadphones(5)easeofusewiththeabilitytomovefreelyaroundyourhome,gymorworkplace,wirelessheadphonesjustmakesense.Andthereareplentyofviable(可行的)optionsto(6)anybudget.TheBoseQuietComfort35wirelessheadphonesaredefinitelyworthatestdrive,though.Thefull-size,around-earBluetoothheadphones(7)activenoisecancellationanddoubleasaheadsetformakingphonecalls.They’veevenearnedtheEditor’sChoiceawardatCandcanbesnappedupforlessthan$400online.BeatshasworkeditswayfirmlyintothemarketanditsStudioWirelessheadphonesareapopularchoice,especiallyasyoucannowfindthemmuchcheaperthantheir(8)$379askingpricebysearchingaroundonline.DigitalcamerasWhileyourphoneisaworthysidekick,there’sno(9)forarealcamerawhenitcomestotakingtheperfectpicture.Andthesedaysyoucangetqualityspecificationsinapackagethat’salmostassmallasyoursmartphone.ThesleekdesignoftheFujifilmX70,$699(4,850yuan),makesittheperfectcompanion,oryoucouldgoretrowiththeOlympusPEN-F($1,200)thatoffersoldschoollooksalongsidecuttingedgetechnology.Domestically,it’sworthcheckingoutXiaomi’smirrorlessYiM1foramore(10)option.Withahigh-end20-megapixelsensorandtheabilitytohostmultiplelenses,it’savailablefromjust2,199yuan.【答案】1. AC 2. AD 3. BD 4. BC 5. ABC 6. AB 7. B 8. CD 9. D 10. A 【分析】1.首先可以判断该空填名词，根据句义可知：这里我们提供一种节日小玩意指导，它可以协助你更仔细看看三种最流行的科技发明，因此该空填AC.guide，指导，阐明。2.首先可以判断该空填形容词，根据句义可知：VR能充足提供消费者选择，因此填AD.available，可获得的。3.首先可以判断该空填动词原形，然后根据句义可知填BD.enhance，促近，提高。4.首先可以判断该空填名词，根据句义下面举例其他品牌的VR，因此填BC.alternative，可供选择的东西。5.首先可以判断该空填非谓语动词，根据句义判断填ABC.combining，结合，与介词with连用。6.首先可以判断该空填动词原形，根据句义可知填AB.suit，适合。7.首先可以判断该空填动词，根据句义说蓝牙耳机的特色功能，因此填B.feature，以...为特色。8.首先可以判断该空填形容词，因此填CD.original，最初的。9.首先可以判断该空填一种名词，根据句义：没有替代真正相机的措施，因此填D.substitute，替代。10.首先可以判断该空填形容词，前文有more形容词的比较级，因此填A.affordable，付得起的。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Truthbetold,alife-changingcollegeexperiencedoesn’tbeginorendwithahighGPAorgreatuniversitytour.Andalthoughparentsandteachersalikeworkdiligentlytopreptheirstudentswiththecutting-edgeclassesandimpressivetranscripts,they’re(1)onevitalskill:emotionalintelligence.Apollof1,502first-yearcollegestudentsintheU.S.foundthatamajorityofthemwishtheyhadreceivedmore(2)preparationforcollege.Emotionalpreparednessis(3)“theabilitytotakecareofoneself,adapttonewenvironments,(4)negativeemotionsorbehaviorandbuildpositiverelationship,”accordingtothesurvey.“Surveydataindicatethatcollegereadinessrequiresfarmorethanjustasolidacademicfoundation–afindgthatseems(5)conventionalhighereducationpreparation,saidJohnMacPhee,ExecutiveDirectoroftheJedFoundation,whichco-sponsoredthesurvey.“Itisclearthatemotionalpreparednessshouldbebetter(6)theworkthathighschoolcommunitiesaredoingtoguidestudentsthroughthetransitionintocollege.”Datashowthatcollegestudents(7)farmorethantheiracademics–andtheirstresscantakeaserioustoll(代价)ontheir(8)inschool.Fortypercentofsurveyparticipantsfeltpressuretopayforcollegeexpenses,followedby30percentwhosaidtheirbiggest(9)wastomakenewfriends.(10),keepingintouchwithfamilyandfriendsnotattheircollege(28percent)andbeingindependent(16percent)alsoweighedheavilyoncollegestudnets’shoulders.Allofthese(11)hadanegativeimpactinsideandoutsideoftheclassroom.Studentswhofeltlessemotionallypreparedforcollegeweremorelikelytohavealowergradepointaverage,regularly(12)drugsand/oralcohol,andratetheiroverallcollegeexperienceasterribleorpoor.“Ashighschoolseniorsstartapplyingtocollegearoundthistimeofyear,parentsandpeople(13)intheirlivescanplayanimportantroleinhelpingchildrenbuildconfidenceandlifeskills,saidMarisaGiarnella-Porco,Co-Founder,PresidentandChiefExecutiveOfficeroftheJordanPorcoFoundation,asurveyco-sponsor.“Itisimportantto(14)themtochooseacollegethatbestfitstheirneedsfirstandforemost–notonlyina(n)(15)sense,butalsorelativetoemotionalneeds.”Thankfully,whetheryourchildispackingupforschoolthisfallorstillindiapers,it’snevertoolate(ortooearly!)tobeginpreppingthemforuniversitylife.Here’swhatparentsshoulddotohelptheircollege-boundkid,startingnow.1.A.mastering B.employing C.forgetting D.preparing2.A.emotional B.careful C.comprehensive D.active3.A.comparedwith B.appliedto C.adjustedto D.definedas4.A.arouse B.control C.display D.hide5.A.shortof B.strictwith C.contraryto D.proudof6.A.remindedof B.combinedwith C.focusedon D.devotedto7.A.dependon B.worryabout C.referto D.respondto8.A.performances B.grades C.subjects D.requirements9.A.mistake B.decision C.event D.challenge10.A.Otherwise B.Thus C.Besides D.However11.A.pressures B.benefits C.behaviors D.thoughts12.A.market B.ban C.consume D.produce13.A.aggressive B.influential C.mysterious D.modest14.A.support B.guide C.warn D.command15.A.good B.keen C.academic D.delicate【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. C 11. A 12. C 13. B 14. B 15. C 【分析】1.C前句“他们忘了一种重要的技能”，因此本句的答案对应的是：“forgetting”2.A本句的意思是“大部分学术需要情感上的准备”,因此本句答案应当是“情感的”3.D根据上下文，应选择“被定义为”4.B根据前文，意为“控制负面情感”5.C根据上下文，“与...相对的是”6.B根据上下文，本句的意思是“情感准备需要更好的把...与工作相结合”7.B根据下文学生的压力判断出应选择“紧张”。8.A根据上下文，本句的意思是学生在校的成绩，即“学业的体现”9.D根据上下文，本句的意思是“最大的挑战是结交朋友”10.C连词besides承接上下文，表达“除...之外还”11.A根据上下文，本句的意思是：“所有的这些压力对...有负面影响”12.C根据上下文，本句的意思是：“常常消费(购置)毒品和/或酒”13.B根据上下文，本句的意思是：“家长和人们的影响”14.B根据后文“指导他们去选择最适合的大学”15.C“academicsense”意为“学术意识”SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AElNino,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbyaSouthAmericanfishermanwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNinoseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffectsbothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulElNino,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongElNinoin1997helpedAmerican’seconomygrowby15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvest,farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalgrowthinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardroughtinsouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNinomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNino,in1997-98,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNinoscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基础设施)canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.AccordingtoapaperinbyMr.Hsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNino’sharmfuleffects-andthepoorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNino,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNinoinParagraph1?A.ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman. B.Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.C.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.D.Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.2.WhatmayElNinosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?A.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall. B.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.C.Richcountries’gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses. D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.3.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat.A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreduction B.governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidC.victimsofElNinodeservemorecompensation D.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst4.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.TointroduceElNinoanditsorigin. B.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNino.C.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNino. D.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNino.【答案】1-4DCAD【解析】1.细节理解题。根据第一段最终一句ElNinoseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.可知D对的。2.细节理解题。根据第二段第二句RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulElNino,onbalance,thantheylose.可知C对的3.推理判断题。根据第四段第三句AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.可知A对的。4.目的意图题。根据最终一句SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNino,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.各国政府要把减少损失放在优先位置。也就是说我们要事先做好准备。可知D对的。BInspiringyoungminds!TOKNOWMagazineisabighitintheworldofchildren’spublishing,bringingauniquecombinationofchallengingideasandgoodfuntoyoungfanseverymonth.WhatissospecialaboutTOKNOWmagazine?Well,ithasnoadsorpromotionsinside-insteaditisjam-packedwithseriousideas.TOKNOWmakescomplexideasattractiveandaccessibletochildren,whocanbecomeinvolvedinadvancedconceptsandevenphilosophy-andtheywillsoondiscoverthatTOKNOWfeelsmorelikeaclubthanjustamagazine.What’sinside?Everymonththemagazineintroducesafreshnewtopicwitharticles,experimentsandcreativethingstomake-themagazinealsoexploresphilosophyandwellbeingtomakesureyoungreadershaveabalancedtakeonlife.Soundstoogoodtobetrue?Takealookonline-evidenceshowsthatthousandsofteachersandparentsknowagoodthingwhentheyseeitandrecommendTOKNOWtotheirfriends.HappyBirthdayAllYear!Whatcouldbemorefunthanagiftthatkeepscomingthroughtheletterboxeverymonth?Thefirstmagazinewithyourgiftmessagewillarriveintimeforthespecialday.SUBSCRIBENOW□AnnualSubscriptionEurope£55 RestofWorld£65□AnnualSubscriptionwithGiftPackIncludesaMammothMap,apassportPuzzleBooklet,andSubscriptionEurope£60 RestofWorld£70RefundPolicy-thesubscriptioncanbecancelledwithin28daysandyoucangetyourmoneyback.1.WhyisTOKNOWaspecialmagazine?A.Itentertainsyoungparents. B.Itprovidesseriousadvertisements.C.Itpublishespopularsciencefictions. D.Itcombinesfunwithcomplexconcepts.2.WhatdoesTOKNOWofferitsreaders?A.Onlinecourses. B.Articlesonnewtopics.C.Lecturesonabalancedlife. D.Reportsonscientificdiscoveries.3.Howmuchshouldyoupayifyoumakea12-mouthsubscriptiontoTOKNOWwithgiftpackfromChina?A.£55. B.£60. C.£65. D.£70.4.SubscribersofTOKNOWwouldget.A.freebirthdaypresents B.fullrefundwithin28daysC.membershipoftheTOKNOWclub D.chancestomeettheexpertsinperson【答案】1-4DBDB【解析】1.根据第一种方框内的描述可知，答案为D2.根据第二个方框内的“afreshnewtopicwitharticles…”可知答案为B3.根据AnnualSubscriptionwithGiftPack所在部分可知答案是D4.根据文章最终一段可知答案为BCSupposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization.It’sverylikelythatyou’llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththeorganization’sactivities.Todoso,itshouldhelptounderstandwhypeopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework.Let’sbeginwiththequestionofwhypeoplevolunteer.Researchershaveidentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolved.Forexample,peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness,toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences,andtostrengthensocialrelationships.Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds,peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate.Toselectvolunteers,youmayneedtounderstandthemotivationsofthepeopleyouwishtoattract.Peoplealsovolunteerbecausetheyarerequiredtodoso.Toincreaselevelsofcommunityservice,someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprograms.Unfortunately,theseprogramscanshiftpeople’swishofparticipationfromaninternalfactor(e.g.,“Ivolunteerbecauseit’simportanttome”)toanexternalfactor(e.g.,“IvolunteerbecauseI’mrequiredtodoso”).Whenthathappens,peoplebecomelesslikelytovolunteerinthefuture.Peoplemustbesensitivetothispossibilitywhentheymakevolunteeractivitiesamust.Oncepeoplebegintovolunteer,whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime?Toanswerthisquestion,researchershaveconductedfollow-upstudiesinwhichtheytrackvolunteersovertime.Forinstance,onestudyfollowed238volunteersinFloridaoverayear.Oneofthemostimportantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfactionasvolunteerswastheamountofsufferingtheyexperiencedintheirvolunteerpositions.Althoughthisresultmaynotsurpriseyou,itleadstoimportantpracticaladvice.Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento“trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience”.Anotherstudyof302volunteersathospitalsinChicagofocusedonindividualdifferencesinthedegreetowhichpeopleview“volunteer”asanimportantsocialrole.Itwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork.Participantsindicatedthedegreetowhichthesocialrolematteredbyrespondingtostatementssuchas“VolunteeringinHospitalisanimportantpartofwhoIam.”Consistentwiththeresearchers’expectations,theyfoundapositivecorrelation(正有关)betweenthestrengthofroleidentityandthelengthoftimepeoplecontinuedtovolunteer.Theseresults,onceagain,leadtoconcreteadvice:“Onceanindividualbeginsvolunteering,continuedeffortsmightfocusondevelopingavolunteerroleidentity...ItemslikeT-shirtsthatallowvolunteerstoberecognizedpubliclyfortheircontributionscanhelpstrengthenroleidentity”.1.Peoplevolunteermainlyoutof.A.academicrequirements B.socialexpectationsC.financialrewards D.internalneeds2.WhatcanwelearnfromtheFloridastudy?A.Follow-upstudiesshouldlastforoneyear. B.Volunteersshouldgetmentallyprepared.C.Strategytrainingisamustinresearch. D.Volunteersareprovidedwithconcreteadvice.3.Whatismostlikelytomotivatevolunteerstocontinuetheirwork?A.Individualdifferencesinroleidentity. B.PubliclyidentifiablevolunteerT-shirts.C.Roleidentityasavolunteer. D.Practicaladvicefromresearchers.4.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.HowtoGetPeopletoVolunteer B.HowtoStudyVolunteerBehaviorsC.HowtoStrengthenVolunteers’Identity D.HowtoOrganizeVolunteerActivities【答案】1-4DBCA【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知人们做志愿者工作的原由于：toexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness,toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences,andtostrengthensocialrelationships.再结合Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds,peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate.可知答案为D（满足内在的需求）2.推理判断题。根据第四段最终一句中“trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience”可知志愿者应当从心理上做好充足的准备。选项B对的3.细节理解题。根据第五段第二句中thosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork.可知志愿者身份认同会鼓励他们继续从事志愿者工作。选项C对的4.标题归纳题。文章首段提出假设：假如你是一名组织领导人，很想得到志愿者的协助，并指出在此之前，必须弄清志愿者为何自发地去服务社会，并通过3个试验研究志愿者的意图。因此A项（怎样使人们从事志愿者服务）是文章的最佳标题。DAskmostpeoplehowtheydefinetheAmericanDreamandchancesarethey’llsay,“Success.”ThedreamofindividualopportunityhasbeenhomeinAmericansinceEuropeansdiscovereda“newworld”intheWesternHemisphere.EarlyimmigrantslikeHectorSt.JeandeCrevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.HisglowingdescriptionsofaclasslesssocietywhereanyonecouldattainsuccessthroughhonestyandhardworkfiredtheimaginationsofmanyEuropeanreaders:inLettersfromanAmericanFarmer(1782)hewrote.“Weareallexcitedatthespiritofanindustrywhichisunfettered(无拘无束的)andunrestrained,becauseeachpersonworksforhimself…Wehavenoprinces,forwhomwetoil(干苦力活),