Unit1 Reading and Thinking 课件-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS

ReadingandThinking:

Understandthequestioningmindcholeraseverediarrhoeadehydrationfrustratedonceandforallcontradictoryinfectioninfectgermn.霍乱adj.

极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的n.

腹泻n.脱水adj.

懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的最终地；彻底地adj.

相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的n.感染；传染vt.使感染；传染n.微生物；细菌；病菌subscribesubscribetoproofmultiplepumpwaterpumphouseholdsuspectblamehandlevi.

认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)同意；赞同n.证据；证明；检验adj.

数量多的；多种多样的n.

泵；抽水机；打气筒水泵n.

一家人;家庭;同住一所(套)房子的人vt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n.

犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备；指责n.把手；拉手；柄vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)interventionlinkrawpuresubstantialdecreasethankstostatistictransformepidemiologymicroscopen.介入；出面；干涉n.

联系；纽带vt.把……连接起来；相关联adj.未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的adj.

大量的；价值巨大的；重大的n.

减少；降低；减少量vt.&vi.

(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低幸亏；由于n.[pl.]统计数字；统计资料；统计学vt.使改观;使改变形态vi.

改变;转变n.

流行病学n.显微镜/1.wheredoyouthinkthisphotowastaken?2.Whatarethestudentsdoinginthephoto?Itmaybetakeninachemistrylaboratory.

Twogirlstudentsareconductinganexperiment.

OpeningpageToraisenewquestions,newpossibilities,toregardoldproblemsfromanewangle

requirescreativeimaginationandmarksrealadvanceinscience.―AlbertEinstein&LeopoldInfeld提出新的问题，发现新的可能，从新的角度审视已存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并标志着科学的真正进步。―阿尔伯特

∙爱因斯坦

利奥波德

∙英费尔德WhatqualitiesdidEinsteinandInfeldthinkascientistshouldhave?Imagination,creativity,raisingquestionsandnewpossibilities,andlookingatoldproblemsfromanewangle.UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS

ReadingandThinking:

UnderstandthequestioningmindLead-inWhatisthediseasementionedinthevideo?Covid-19④BesidesCOVID-19,whatotherkindsofepidemics（流行病）doyouknow?bird-flu（禽流感）malaria[məˈleriə]（疟疾）cholera[kɒlərə]（霍乱）Ebola[ɪˈbəʊlə](埃博拉)①②③WhoHelpedDefeatMalaria?

Drawaconclusion得出结论

Collectdata收集资料

Askaquestion提出假设

Findaproblem发现问题

Analysetheresults分析结果

Findsupportingevidence寻找证据

Thinkofamethod思考方法TuYouyoufollowedthescientificstagestofindoutthecureformalaria.Canyouputthemintherightorder?Didhe/shefollowthesamestagesasTuYouyou?WhoDefeatedCholera?JohnSnow

Defeats“KingCholera”Who?How?What?Mainidea:Thetextismainlyabout_________and______hedefeats___________JohnSnowhowKingCholerascientificresearch?Activity1:Readthetitleandpredict——Whatwillbetalkedabout?Thechildturnedtothedoctor…JOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA”

Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,herosetobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.Para.11.WhatisCholera?2.WhoisJohnSnow?Activity2:Carefulreading——Readfordetails.CholeraWhat?It'soneof________________________intheworld,becauseitcauses

.When?

___________________________Where?_________What’stheresult?___________________________________________themostfeareddiseasesseverediarrhoea,dehydrationandevendeathIntheearly19thcenturyEuropeMillionsofpeoplediedfromthediseaseJohnSnowWho?

A

doctorwhoevenattendto

whenshegavebirth.What?

Hehadadesireto________________onceandforall.BritishQueenVictoriadestroycholeraFindtheproblemResearch

backgroundThoughbeingfamous,hewasstilldevotedtodefeating“KingCholera”Para.1

Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.Para.21.Whatarethetwotheories?WhichtheorydidJohnSnowthinkwasreasonable?2.WhatdidJohnSnowreadytodowhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854?

WhatwerethetwotheoriesandwhichdidJohnSnowagreewith?TwocontradictorytheoriesTheoryone:causedby________Theorytwo:causedby_______badairgermsSnowsubscribedto

thesecondtheory.✔TwocontradictorytheoriesFindaproblem→AskaquestionHeneededproof.Para.2

Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.ThereweremultipledeathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).However,somehouseholds(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9Cambridge8Street)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Asaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.Para.3beerpubNote:——1deathPH:publichouse30,31,…:numbersofhouseswaterpump7Para.3Thinkofamethod→Collectdata1.WhatmethoddidSnowuse?2.Whatdidhefindonthemap?Whatdidhedotodealwithit?AmapofBroadStreetPara.3Analyzetheresults→Findsupportingevidence Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.ThereweremultipledeathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).However,somehouseholds(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9Cambridge8Street)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.…multipleHowevernodeathsthewaterpumpwastoblamePara.3DrawaconclusionAsaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.announcePumpwatercarriedthecholeragerms.Remove

thehandleofthepumpThediseasewasstoppedReadpara.2-3againandcompletethechartbelow.A:Itwasbelievedthatcholerawascausedbybad___orgermsin___________.B:Snow_______________theplaceswherethepeople

who____hadlived.

C:◆

Manydeathsoccurrednearthe__________inBroadStreet.◆

Somepeople________drunkthewaterfromthepump,andlived.◆

AwomanandherdaughterdiedinanotherpartofLondonafter_____________________.D:Thepumpwatercarried_____________.E:The______ofthepumpwasremoved.Matchthefollowingheaderswiththelettersfromthechartabove.WriteA-Eintheblanks.1.conclusion2.evidence3.process4.solution5.theories__________________________________airfoodorwatermarkedonamapdiedwaterpumphadn'tdrinkingwaterfromthepumpcholeragermshandleDCBEAconclusionevidenceprocesssolutiontheoriesP34Para2-3How?ThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.Moreover,SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.SomecompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyrawwaste.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater.1.WhatcausedtheoutbreakofcholerainLondon?A.BadairB.WaterinfectedbyrawwasteC.PollutedairD.Waterpollutedbytheair2.AskquestionsP35

Para.4pollutedbyrawwasteinfectedbywaste1.Q:What________________________________________?A:Snowthoughtthatcholerawascausedbygermsinfoodorwater.2.Q:Why________________________________________________?A:Snowhadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.3.Q:How______________________________________?A:ThecholerathreatwasdefeatedthankstotheworkofJohnSnow.causedcholeraaccordingtoSnowdidSnowhavethehandleofthepumpremovedwasthecholerathreatdefeatedAskquestionsOnewaytoapproachareadingpassageistoaskquestionsaboutit.Askingquestionscanhelpyouunderstandthecontent.Itcanalsohelpyouthinkmoredeeplyaboutthetopic.ThroughSnow’stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwaterandthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.However,choleraisstillaproblem.Eachyear,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldgetcholeraandmanydiefromit.Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.Forthisreason,Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology.WhatcontributionsdidJohnSnowmake?Para.5Watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater.Thethreatofcholeraaroundtheworlddecreased.Hehelpedpeopleknowhowtopreventcholera.Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.TheFatherofModernEpidemiology(流行病学)Activity3:postreading——ReadthewholepassageagainandmatchthemainideaPara.1Paras.2-3Para.4Para.5◆HowdidJohnSnowdefeatKingCholera?◆What'sthetruthofKingCholera?◆WhatisKingCholera?

WhoisJohnSnow?◆WhatarethecontributionsandsignificanceofJohnSnow'swork?Thinking

WhatmakesJohnSnowagreatscientist?What