中心思想方法基础年份18考研课全程加学姐

2003textWhatisimpliedinthefirstTheauthorusestheexampleofcanerpatientstoshow.Theauthor'sattitudetowardRichardLamm'sremarkisone.IncontrasttotheUS,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedical Thetextintendstoexpresstheidea ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.Smallwonder.Americans'lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced,clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.SuchadvancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancure

death—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofWhatisimpliedinthefirstAmericansarebetterpreparedfordeaththanotherpeople.Americansenjoyahigherlifequalitythaneverbefore.Americansareover-confidentoftheirmedicaltechnology.Americanstakeavainprideintheirlonglifeexpectancy.Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel,yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit'suseless.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Physicians—frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient—toooftenoffer

aggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyTheauthorusestheexampleofcanerpatientstoshowthat.medicalresourcesareoftendoctorsarehelplessagainstfatalsometreatmentsaretoomedicalcostsarebecomingIn1950,theUSspent$12.7billiononhealthcare.In2002,thecostwillbe$1540billion.Anyonecanseethistrendisunsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.Somescholarsconcludethatagovernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainage—say83orso.FormerColoradogovernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm"haveadutytodieandgetoutofthe

way",sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirTheauthor'sattitudetowardRichardLamm'sremarkisoneof.strongslightIwouldnotgothatfar.Energeticpeoplenowroutinelyworkthroughtheir60sandbeyond,andremaindazzlinglyproductive.At78,ViacomchairmanSumnerRedstonejokinglyclaimstobe53.SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO'Connorisinher70s,andformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsanInternetstart-upinhis80s.Theseleadersarelivingproofthatpreventionworksandthatwecanmanagethehealthproblemsthatcomenaturallywithage.Asa

mere68-year-old,Iwishtoageasproductivelyastheyhave.Theauthor'sattitudetowardRichardLamm'sremarkisoneof.strongslightYettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit.Asaphysician,Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeoverfundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunderfundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeople'slives.

IncontrasttotheUS,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalcare.moremoremoremoreThetextintendstoexpresstheidea medicinewillfurtherprolongpeople'slifebeyondacertainlimitisnotworthdeathshouldbeacceptedasafactofexcessivedemandsincreasethecostofhealthmainlyabout thebestmainlyabout thebestmainlyabout thebestmainlyabout thebest第1段Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous…….Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenes,onemoreagentofevolutionhasgone.第2段Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicidestayalivebuthavefewerchildren.第3Forusthismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.

00-258.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?SexRationChangesinHumanEvolution.Man'sEvolution.FutureofNature.GoingNowhere.1段WhataccountsforthegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmerica…….?2段Amongthemanyshapingfactors,Iwouldsingleoutthecountry'sexcellentelementaryschools;alaborforcethatwelcomedthenewtechnology;thepracticeofgivingpremiumstoinventors;andabovealltheAmericangeniusfornonverbalspatialthinkingaboutthings

96-466.Thebesttitleforthispassagemight WaysofRumorhasitthatmorethan20booksoncreationism/evolutionareinthepublisher'spipelines.Afewhavealreadyappeared.Thegoalofallwillbetotrytoexplaintoaconfusedandoftenunenlightenedcitizenrythattherearenottwoequallyvalidscientifictheoriesfortheoriginandevolutionofuniverseandlife.Cosmology,geology,andbiologyhaveprovidedaconsistent,unified,andconstantlyimprovingaccountofwhathappened."Scientific"creationism,whichisbeingpushedbysomefor"equaltime"intheclassroomswheneverthescientificaccountsofevolutionaregiven,isbasedonreligion,notscience.Virtuallyallscientistsandthemajorityofnon-fundamentalistreligiousleadershavecometoregard"scientific"creationismasbadscienceandbadreligion.ThefirstfourchaptersofKitcher'sbookgiveaverybriefintroductiontoevolution.Atappropriateplaces,heintroducesthecriticismsofthecreationistsandprovidesanswers.Inthelastthreechapters,hetakesoffhisglovesandgivesthecreationistsagoodbeating.Hedescribestheirprogrammesandtactics,and,forthoseunfamiliarwiththewaysofcreationists,theextentoftheirdeceptionanddistortionmaycomeasanunpleasantsurprise.Whentheirbasicmotivationisreligious,onemighthaveexpectedmoreChristianbehavior.Kitcherisphilosopher,andthismayaccount,inpart,fortheclarityandeffectivenessofhisarguments.Thenon-specialistwillbeabletoobtainatleastanotionofthesortsofdataandargumentthatsupportevolutionarytheory.Thefinalchapteronthecreationistswillbeextremelycleartoall.Onthedustjacketofthisfinebook,StephenJayGouldsays:"Thisbookstandsforreasonitself."Andsoitdoes—andallwouldbewellwerereasontheonlyjudgeinthecreationism/evolutiondebate.

Thispassageappearstobeadigestof.abookascientificamagazineanewspaper1Rumorhasitthatmorethan20booksoncreationism/evolutionareinthepublisher'spipelines.Afewhavealreadyappeared.2ThefirstfourchaptersofKitcher'sbookgiveaverybriefintroductiontoevolution.3Kitcherisphilosopherandthismayaccount,inpart,fortheclarityandeffectivenessofhisarguments.

96-570.Thispassageappearstobeadigest abookascientificamagazine1（1）Fewcreationsofbigtechnologycapturetheimaginationlikegiantdams.Perhapsitishumankind‘slongsufferingatthemercyoffloodanddroughtthatmakestheidealofforcingthewaterstodoourbiddingsofascinating.Buttobefascinatedisalso,sometimes,tobeblind.Severalgiantdamprojectsthreatentodomoreharmthan

98-154.Whattheauthortriestosuggestmaybestbeinterpretedas "It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk""Morehaste,less"Lookbeforeyou"Hewholaughslastlaughsbest"2Thelessonfromdamsisthatbigisnotalwaysbeautiful.3Butbigdamstendnottoworkas4Andyetthemythofcontrollingthewaterspersists.5Meanwhile,in

98-154.Whattheauthortriestosuggestmaybestbeinterpretedas "It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk""Morehaste,less"Lookbeforeyou"Hewholaughslastlaughsbest"6Proper,scientificstudyoftheimpactsofdamsandofthecostandbenefitsofcontrollingwatercanhelptoresolvetheseconflicts.Hydroelectricpowerandfloodcontrolandirrigationarepossiblewithoutbuildingmonsterdams.Butwhenyouaredealingwithmyths,itishardtobeeitherproper,orscientific.ItistimethattheworldlearnedthelessonsofAswan.Youdon'tneedadamtobesaved.

98-154.Whattheauthortriestosuggestmaybestbeinterpretedas "It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk""Morehaste,less"Lookbeforeyou"Hewholaughslastlaughsbest"1（1）Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesareaimingatforhoweverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.（2）WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybe—evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight—itcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.

00-359.Thispassageis asurveyofnewapproachestoartareviewofFuturistaboutmeritsoftheFuturistmovementaboutlawsandrequirementsof2This,inbriefiswhattheFuturist3Certainlytheirdescriptionsofbattlesconfused.4段This,thoughitfulfillsthelawsandrequirementsofFuturistpoetrycanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.

00-359.Thispassageis asurveyofnewapproachestoartareviewofFuturistaboutmeritsoftheFuturistmovementaboutlawsandrequirementsof1段（2）WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybe—evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight—itcanhardlybeclassedas4段This,thoughitfulfillsthelawsandrequirementsofFuturistpoetrycanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.

00-359.Thispassageis asurveyofnewapproachestoartareviewofFuturistaboutmeritsoftheFuturistmovementaboutlawsandrequirementsof1段WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapersTheAmericanSocietyofNewspaperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.Theorganizationisdeepintoalongself-analysisknownasthejournalismcredibilityproject.

01-359.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Needsofthereadersallovertheworld.CausesofthepublicdisappointmentaboutOriginsofthedecliningnewspaperindustry.Aimsofa1段WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapersTheAmericanSocietyofNewspaperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.Theorganizationisdeepintoalongself-analysisknownasthejournalismcredibilityproject.

01-359.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Needsofthereadersallovertheworld.CausesofthepublicdisappointmentaboutOriginsofthedecliningnewspaperindustry.Aimsofa中心词1）直 98-51Scatteredaroundtheglobearemorethan100smallregionsofisolatedvolcanicactivityknowntogeologistsashotspotsUnlikemostoftheworld'svolcanoestheyarenotalwaysfoundattheboundariesofthegreatdriftingplatesthatmakeuptheearth'ssurface;onthecontrary,manyofthemliedeepintheinteriorofaplate.Mostofthehotspotsmoveonlyslowly,andinsomecasesthemovementoftheplatespastthemefttrailsofdeadvolcanoes.ThehotspotsandtheirthemHot2ThattheplatesaremovingisnowbeyonddisputeHotanchoredinthedeeperlayersoftheearth,providethemeasuringinstrumentsneededtoresolvethequestion.Fromananalysisofthehot-spotpopulationitappearsthattheAfricanplateisstationaryandthatithasnotmovedduringthepast30millionyears.3Thesignificanceofhotspotsisnotconfinedtotheirroleasaframeofreference.Itnowappearsthattheyalsohaveanimportantinfluenceonthegeophysicalprocessesthatpropeltheplatesacrosstheglobe.Whenacontinentalplatecometorestoverahotspot,thematerialrisingfromdeeperlayercreatesabroaddomeAsthedomegrows,itdevelopsdeepfissures(cracks):inatleastafewcasesthecontinentmaybreakentirelyalongsomeofthesefissures,sothatthehotspotnitiatestheformationofanewoceanThusjustasearliertheorieshaveexplainedthemobilityofthecontinents,sohotspotsmayexplaintheirmutability(inconstancy).Thepassageismainly thefeaturesofvolcanictheimportanceofthetheoryaboutdriftingthesignificanceofhotspotsingeophysicaltheprocessoftheformationof1、串线法——2

类似设计思路97-402-Nocompanylikestobetolditiscontributingtothemoraldeclineofanation."Isthiswhatyouintendedtoaccomplishwithyourcareers?"SenatorRobertDoleaskedTimeWarnerexecutiveslastweek."Youhavesoldyoursouls,butmustyoucorruptournationandthreatenourchildrenaswell?"AtTimeWarner,however,suchquestionsaresimplythelatestmanifestationofthesoul-searchingthathasinvolvedthecompanyeversincethecompanywasbornin1990.It'saself-examinationthathas,atvarioustimes,involvedissuesofresponsibility,creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.

97-466.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe ACompanyunderMoralDeclineofStreetCulture[D]AFormofAtthecoreofthisdebateischairmanGeraldLevin,56,whotookoverforthelateSteveRossin1992.Onthefinancialfront,Levinisunderpressuretoraisethestockpriceandreducethecompany'smountainousdebt,whichwillincreaseto$17.3billionaftertwonewcabledealsclose.Hehaspromisedtoselloffsomeofthepropertyandrestructurethecompany,butinvestorsarewaiting

97-466.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe ACompanyunderMoralDeclineofStreetCulture[D]AFormofTheflapoverrapisnotmakinglifeanyeasierforhim.Levinhasconsistentlydefendedthecompany'srapmusiconthegroundsofexpression.In1992,whenTimeWarnerwasunderfireforreleasingIce-T'sviolentrapsongCopKiller,Levindescribedrapaslawfulexpressionofstreetculture,whichdeservesanoutlet."Thetestofanydemocraticsociety,"hewroteinaWallStreetJournalcolumn,"liesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhetheritgivesfreedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossiblelatitude,howeverdisputableorirritatingtheresultsmaysometimesbe.Wewon'tretreatinthefaceofanythreats."

97-466.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe ACompanyunderMoralDeclineofStreetCulture[D]AFormofLevinwouldnotcommentonthedebateweek,butthereweresignsthatthechairmanwasbackingoffhishard-linestand,atleasttosomeextent.Duringthediscussionofrocksingingversesatlastmonth'sstockholders'meeting.Levinassertedthat"musicisnotthecauseofsociety'sills"andevencitedhisson,ateacherintheBronx,NewYork,whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.Buthetalkedaswellaboutthe"balancedstruggle"betweencreativefreedomandsocialresponsibility,andheannouncedthatthecompanywouldlaunchadrivetodevelopstandardsfordistributionandlabelingofpotentiallyobjectionablemusic.

97-466.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe MoralDeclineofStreetCulture[D]AFormofThe15-memberTimeWarnerboardisgenerallysupportiveofLevinandhiscorporatestrategy.Butinsiderssayseveralofthemhaveshowntheirconcernsinthismatter."Someofushaveknownformany,manyyearsthatthefreedomsundertheFirstAmendmentarenottotallyunlimited,"saysLuce."Ithinkitisperhapsthecasethatsomepeopleassociatedwiththecompanyhaveonlyrecentlycometorealizethis."

97-466.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe MoralDeclineofStreetCulture[D]AFormofTomakeyourhumorwork,you Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,they Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublic Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbe Thebesttitleforthetextmay Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.

Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudiencemakefunoftheaddressdifferentyourlistenersHereisanexample,whichIheardataconvention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself."Whoisthat?"thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter."Oh,that'sGod,"camethereply,"butsometimeshethinkshe'sadoctor."

Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,they impolitetonewverycon