现在完成时用法解析

现在完成时用法解析1.构成现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。2.用法(1)表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet等副词修饰。如：-Haveyouhadlunchyet?-Yes,Ihave.I'vejusthadit.你(已经)吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了)(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时能仍然在间的状语。如：Hehastaughtheresince1981他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教)Ihave'tseenherforfouryears.我有四年没见到她了。(3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般为译汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever,never,threetimes等时间状语。如：IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.我去过北京二次。3.现在完成时的时间状语(1)现在完成时属于现在时范围Sunday,in1990,threeyearsago等。，在强调动作产生的连用。，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last但是后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语a.用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。作业了。如：Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework.我们已完成Theyhaven'tfinishedtheirhomeworkyet.他们还没有完成作业。b.用ever和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。如：-HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?你曾经去过长城吗？-IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我从未去过长城。c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just,before,uptonow,thepastfewyears等。例如：Ihaveseenherbefore,butIcannotrememberwhere.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。Hehasbeentherethreetimesthelastfewdays.近几年他去过那里三次了。d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now,today,thismorning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Haveyoumethimtoday?-No,Ihaven't.今天你见过他吗？我没有。Howmanytimeshaveyoubeentherethisyear?今年你去过那里多少次？(2)现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：Ihaven'tseenhimfortwoyears.但是，像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be(在)”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrive→beherebegin(start)→beondie→bedeadcomeback→bebackleave→beawayfallill(sick,asleep)→beill(sick,asleep)getup→beupgoout→beoutfinish→beoverputon→wear或beonopen→beopenjoin→bein或beamemberof…close→beclosedgotoschool→beastudentborrow→keepbuy→havecatch(acold)→have(acold)gettoknow→knowbegintostudy→studycometowork→work等如：Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears.他参军三年了。Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父亲去世二年了。Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.电影已开始十分钟了。WehavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears.我们(开始)学英语已三年了。4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：Ihavelostmynewbook.我把新书丢了。(现在还未找到)Ilostmynewbookyesterday.我昨天把新书丢了。(昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明)5.几点注意事项(1)havebeen(to)与havegone(to)的区别：havebeen(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”，可用于各人称；havegone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once,never,severaltimes等连用，后者则不能。如：TheyhavebeentoBeijingtwice.他们去过北京两次。HehasgonetoBeijing.他去北京了。(2)如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。如：Itistwoyearssincehisfatherdied.=Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父亲去世已有三年了。(3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可和以表示一段时间的状语连用。如：Ihaven'tleftheresince1997.自从1997年来以，我一直没有离开过这儿。一、单项选择1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_________what'shappenedtohim.Ａ.knew2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hasheＡ.alreadyＢ.neverＣ.everＤ.still3、HaveyoumetMrLi______Ａ.justＢ.agoＣ.beforeＤ.amomentago4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepＢ.haveknownＣ.mustknowＤ.willknow？Ａ.iswritingＢ.waswritingＣ.wroteＤ.haswritten5、-Ourcountry______alotsofar.-Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.Ａ.haschanged;well.haschanged;bettＤ.changedr;betterＡ.was;Ｂ.changed;goodＣ6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolstudyingＢ.will;studyＣ.has;studiedＤ.are;studying7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlＡ.knowＢ.hadknownＣ.haveknownＤ.knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.Ａ.willseeＢ.haveseenＣ.sawＤ.see9、-ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnited-Really?When_____there?Ａ.willtheygoＢ.didtheygoＣ.dotheygoＤ.havetheygone10、-______you___yourhomeworkyet?-Yes.I_____itamomentago.Ａ.Did;do;finishＢ.Haved;done;finishedＣ.Have;done;havefinished11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978Ｂ.hasjoinedＣ.wasinＤ.hasbeeninＤ.will;do;finishＡ.joined12、-Doyouknowhimwell?-Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsＡ.wereＢ.havebeenＣ.havebecomeＤ.havemade13、-Howlonghaveyou____here?

-Abouttwomonths.Ａ.beenＢ.gone14、Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenmi.hasbegunＢ.hadbegunＣ.hasbeenonＤ.began15、It_____tenyearssincehelefttheＡ.isＢ.hasＣ.willＤ.was16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.she__.hasgoneＢ.wentＣ.willgoＤ.hasbeen17、Myparents______ShandongfortenyearＢ.havebeentoＤ.havebeenＣ.comeＤ.arrivedＡＡＡ.havebeeninＣ.havegoneto18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,A.sotheyB.don'ttheyC.havetheyD.19、hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinaA.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arr20、Hisuncleformorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtowC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheu二、句型转换3、Theoldman_________lastyear.Heforayear.(die)（动词填空）4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同义句转换)Thisfactory________fortwenty5、MissGaoleftanhourago.(同义句转换)

MissGao_______________________________an6、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthree（同义句）Hermother_______thePartythreeyears7、TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsag同义句转换)_______twoyears________theGreenfamilymo8、Thebushasarrivedhere.Itarrivedtenminu把两个句子合并成一个句子)环境保护问题是中考(微博)热门话题，出现频率高，难度较大，必须掌握。1、6月5日(June5)是世界环境保护日，我们周围的环境变得越来越糟糕，污染越来越严重„„。假如你是学生Jone.，你校要进行何保护我们的环境？”专题演讲比赛，要求：(1)、举例说明环境存在的问题1-3方面；(2)、如施，举例1-3方面进行说明，字数80左右。“如何保护好我们的环境，采取怎样的措Asweallknow，theenvironmemtaroundusisgettingworseandworse.Insomeplaces，wecan'tseefishswimmingintheriverortreesonthehills.Somepeopleevenhavenocleanwatertodrink.SoIthinkwemustdosomethingtoprotecttheenvironment.Butwhatcanwedo?Howtoprotectourenvironmemt?Forexample，wecangotoschoolonfootorbybike.wecanuseshoppingbasketsnotplasticbagswhenwegoshopping，andwecanusebothsidesofthepaperwhenwewrite.Inaword，ifeveryonepaysmoreattentiontoourenvironment，therewillbelesspollutionandourlifewillbebetter。“Thereisonlyoneearth”，Ihopeeveryonewillprotectourenvironmentwell。2、保护环境(四川乐山)从2008年6月1日起，国家将禁止商家免费提供塑料袋，掀起全国“拒塑”的环保运动。假如你是李华，准备以“WhatCanWeDofortheEnvironment”为题，写一篇保护环境的英语演讲稿。内容包含：(1)。在购物时用布袋子替代塑料袋；(2)。尽可能地再利用使用过的课本；(3)。离开教室应关灯；(4)。最好走路或骑自行车上学；(5)。简述理由：保护环境，减少污染，节约能源等。参考词汇：布袋子clothbag塑料袋plasticbag保护protect能源energy

污染pollution课本textbookWhatCanWeDofortheEnvironmentourenvironmentisbecomingworseandworse，whatcanwedofortheenvironment?Ithinkeachofuscandoalittlebittohelpwiththisproblem。Thefirstthingwecandoistouseclothbagsinsteadofplasticbagswhenwegoshopping.Ithelpstoprotecttheenvironment.Thesecondthingwecandoistoreusetheoldtextbooksaspossibleaswecan.Weshouldalsoneverforgettoturnoffthelightswhenweleavetheclassroomsinordertosaveenergy.What'smore，itwouldbebetterifwewalkorrideabiketoschool.Weshouldtryourbesttoreducepollutionandwaste。Infact，eventhesimplesteverydayactivitiescanmakearealdifferencetotheenvironment.Ibelievewecanmaketheworldabetterplacetolivein。3.为了保护地球有限的资源，我们应该采取什么措施呢？请根据下面的提示写一篇约80词的短文，短文开头已经给出。提示词；1.savewater，thesourceoflife，protectdrinkingwater，stoppolluting，makefulluseofit;2.saveelectricity，crucial，turnoff，otherelectricmachines;3.saveforests，useful，stopcuttingdown;4.recycleusefulrubbish，saveresources参考作文：Althoughtheworlddevelopsmuchfasterandbetter，theresourcesontheearthgetfewerandfewer.Inordertoprotectthem，somethingmustbedone。Savewater.Wateristhesourceoflife.Nowater，nolife.Soit'sveryimportantforustodoso.Notonlyshouldweprotectdrinkingwaterandstoppollutingit，butalsomakefulluseofit。Saveelectricity.Itiscrucial.Wecan'timaginewhatthelifewillbelikewithoutit.Everyoneshoulddohisbesttosaveelectricity.Don'tforgettoturnofflightsorotherelectricmachineswhenwefinishworking。

Saveforests.Theyareuseful.Pleasestopcuttingthemdownanduserecycledpaperinstead.Makeourworldagreenonetolivein。Recycleusefulrubbish.Plentyofrubbishcanberecycledlikecans，paper，bottles，andsoon。Wecansaveresourcesinthisway.Ibelievewecanmaketheworldabetterplacetolivein。与父母相处的话题类作文难度较大，掌握基本句式，背诵范文非常必要。(陕西省卷)假如你是HanMei，下面是一封你的笔友Alice给你发来的e-mail，请你根据e-mail的内容给她写一封回信，与她交流看法，并帮她排忧解难。提示词语：listento，mother'slove，careabout，communicatewith，getalongwith，smile写作要求：1.语句通顺，书写工整；2.可用所给提示词语，也可以适当发挥；3.词数在60-80左右DearHanMei，I'mafraidI'vegotabigproblemrecently.Mymothertalkstoomuchtome.Shealwaystellsme，“Becarefulwhilecrossingthestreet。”“Putonmoreclothes。”“Didyoudoagoodjobatschool?”Andsoon.I'mannoyed(烦恼)。WhatshallIdo?Alice例文DearAlice，Asateenager，Imetthesameproblemasyou.ButnowIcangetalongbetterwithmymother.Herearesomeideasforyou。

Yourmothertalksmuch，becauseshecaresaboutyou.Maybeit'snotagoodway，butitshowsyourmother'slove.SoIthinkyoushouldlistentoher.Ifyouropinionsaredifferentfromyourmother's，youcancommunicatewithher，andtellherwhatyouarethinkingabout。Ifyourmotherdoesn'ttakeyouradvice，justkeepsilentandgiveherasmile。IhopewhatIsayherecanhelpyoualot。健康问题是中考(微博)常考的话题，出题形式多样，有必要下苦功掌握。Howtokeephealthy/fit?Allofuswanttobehealthy.First，weshouldgetenoughs