HOW-TO-WRITE-A-SUMMARY怎样写一个英语总结

HOW-TO-WRITE-A-SUMMARY怎样写一个英语总结第一页，共34页。Whatisasummary?

AshortenedversionofthetextMainpointsofthetextWritteninyourownwords

Asummaryisabriefaccountofthemainpointsofanarticleinyourownwords.

第一页第二页，共34页。Question:

Whatshouldbepaidattentiontotowriteagoodsummaryofanarticle?Canwemainlyuseourownwordsorthesentencesintheoriginalpassage?Canwejudgethewritingstyle?3.Canwewriteitinthefirstpersonorthethirdperson?4.Canweexpressouropinion?

Discussion第二页第三页，共34页。summaryunderstandingtopicsentenceskeywordssetsentencepatternssummarize/rewritethewritingstylethe3rdperson第三页第四页，共34页。3Stylesof

PassagesStyles（体裁）Functions（功能）Narration(记叙文)describeapersonoranevent,withafterthoughtsArgumentation(议论文)showthewriter’spointofviewExposition(说明文)introducesomething,eg.aphenomenon第四页第五页，共34页。Task1:Howtofindthekeysentences

orkeywords?体裁关键句记叙文议论文说明文抓住who,whathappened,及thewriter’spurpose通常抓住首段和尾段抓住首段或各段首句第五页第六页，共34页。Task2:

Recognizethestylesof3givenpassagesandfindoutthekeysentencesorkeywordsofeachpassage.第六页第七页，共34页。TheStepsofWritingaSummary(1)定时态：如果阅读材料是过去时，那么基本时态用过去时；如果是现在的，那么基本时态用现在时；(2)定人称：一般情况下采用第三人称来写作，特殊如书信的，可能会使用第一、二人称；(3)定技巧：结合相关技巧，重新组句。第七页第八页，共34页。完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改的，得0分；2.机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称的，得1分；3.稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语、宾语、原文词序的，得2分；4.创造性地抄，改主语、宾语、原文词序还有句子结构的，最多得3分；5.结构、用词、词性变化比较好的得4至5分。2007年广东高考概括部分评分细则第八页第九页，共34页。Task3：Rewritethesentencesaccordingtotheskills.第九页第十页，共34页。(1)Usewordsofsimilarmeanings

同义替换法Ididn’tcatchanyfishowingtothefact

thatIwasnotpatient.Ididn’tcatchanyfish_________Iwasnotpatient.because第十页第十一页，共34页。(2)Adopttheoppositewaywhensayingasentence正话反说法Youwillfail.Youwill____________.notsucceed第十一页第十二页，共34页。(3)Changethepartofspeech

词性转换法Patienceisveryimportant.Patienceis_____________________.ofgreatimportance第十二页第十三页，共34页。(4)Changethestructureofasentence句式变化法语态变换：Parentsshouldgivechildrenmorepraise.Childrenshould__________morepraise.begiven第十三页第十四页，共34页。简单句变复合句：Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore.Thiswillhelpthemlearnfaster.Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore,_______willhelpthemlearnfaster.Childrenaregivenmorepraise.Theywillachievemoresuccess.When_________________,childrenwillachievemoresuccess.whichgivenmorepraise第十四页第十五页，共34页。(5)Usetheshortestpossibletransitions连词衔接法注意使用一些短而精的连词，如but,and,so,while,however,then,thus,yet,for,therefore,including,insteadof等。Weshouldencouragechildren.Weshouldnotscoldthem.Weshouldencouragechildren__________scoldingthem.insteadof第十五页第十六页，共34页。(6)Changetheorderofthewords.词序改变法Thesecretofsuccesswaspatience.________was___________________.Patiencethesecretofsuccess第十六页第十七页，共34页。(7)Omitthedetails细节省略法Don’talwaysscoldandgivelotsofpraiseinstead.———————————————Don’tscoldandgivepraiseinstead.第十七页第十八页，共34页。(8)Makeuseofthemeaningofasentence句意理解法ShoppingontheInternetisbecomingincreasinglypopular.______________________________________________________MoreandmorepeoplepreferInternetshopping.第十八页第十九页，共34页。SomeSummaryModelsforYou(1)NarrationSummaryModels(记叙文概要模板)(2)ArgumentationSummaryModels(议论文概要模板)(3)ExpositionSummaryModels(说明文概要模板)第十九页第二十页，共34页。(1)记叙文概要模板点明写作目的类：Thewritertellsus…（主题）byshowingusanexampleof…,who/which…（故事情节）.作者经历类：Inthepassage,thewritermainlytellsushisexperienceofdoingsth,which……他人经历类：Thispassageismainlyaboutsb’sexperienceofdoingsth…..第二十页第二十一页，共34页。(2)议论文概要模板Thearticlegivestheviewthat…should/shouldn’t…（主题）.…..（补充论据）.Thepassagehighlights(强调)theimportanceofsth…..Theauthorarguesthat…第二十一页第二十二页，共34页。(3)说明文概要模板现象揭示类：

Thisarticlepointsoutthecommonphenomenon-----…（主题),which…..（补充解释）.利弊对比类：

Thearticlecomparesthedisadvantages/benefitsofAandB.A…whileB…Thepassagediscussestheimpact(影响)ofsth.Onthepositiveside…,butitmayalso….研究显示类：Thestudyreveals(揭露)that…Thepurposeofthereportistoshowthat…第二十二页第二十三页，共34页。Task4:WriteasummaryPassage1第二十三页第二十四页，共34页。关键词、句(1)thewriter,anoldman,fishing,experience,teachsb.alesson,

(2)Thesecretofsuccesswaspatience.__________had____________________with__________who_________________.Thewriterafishingexperienceanoldmantaughthimalesson词序变化法Patiencewasthesecretofsuccess.(2)(1)连词成句第二十四页第二十五页，共34页。Thewriterhadafishingexperiencewithanoldmanwhotaughthimalesson.Patiencewasthesecretofsuccess.句式变化法Thewriterhadafishingexperiencewithanoldmanwhotaughthimalessonthatpatiencewasthesecretofsuccess.Thewritertellsus…（主题）byshowingusanexampleof…,who/which…（故事情节）.第二十五页第二十六页，共34页。ReferenceKeyforPassage1:Thewritertellsuspatiencewasveryimportantandthatitwasthesecretofsuccessbyshowingusanexampleofhisunforgettablefishingexperiencewithanoldman,whotaughthimalesson.(35words)注意第二十六页第二十七页，共34页。Passage2:关键句Don’talwaysscoldandgivelotsofpraiseinstead.细节省略法Don’tscoldandgivepraiseinstead.词序变化法、连词衔接法Givepraiseinsteadofscolding.词性变换法Praisechildreninsteadofscoldingthem.第二十七页第二十八页，共34页。(2)Ifyouteachyourchildrennottofearamistakeoffailure,theywilllearnfasterandachievesuccessatlast.Encourageyourchildrenandtheywillmakemoreprogressandsucceed.句意理解法同义替换法词性转换法细节省略法第二十八页第二十九页，共34页。(1)Praisechildreninsteadofscoldingthem.(2)

Encourageyourchildrenandtheywillmakemoreprogressandsucceed.Thearticlegivestheviewthatwheneducatingchildren,parentsshouldpraiseandencouragetheminsteadofscolding,whichwillhelpchildrentomakeprogressa