英译中翻译套路

英译中翻译套路此部分内容和“阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，关联性巨大，读不懂，做题就是玄学。♦谓语动词=助动词（情态动词）+实义动词时态的翻译现在一般现在一般现在经常做进行现在正在做完成现在做完了完成进行现在做完了还做/一直做过去将来过去经常做将来经常做过去正在做将来正在做过去做完了将来做完了过去做完了还做/一直做将来做完了还做/一直做◊注意事项：时间：默认指的是“现在，过去，将来“，若有具体时间，则相应进行调整。状态：共四种状态即“一般，进行，完成，完成进行，没有变化，对应相应的汉语意思直接翻译。一般：经常做进行：正在做完成：已经做完了

完成进行：做完了还做/一直做例句翻译Curiositygaveusallanaturalawareness.Fifteenyearsago,ItookasummervacationinLecceinItaly.2.被动语态的翻译2.被动语态的翻译形式：be+done一般通过by+n.引出动作的施加者。Abe+donebyB译为A被B做了相应的事情。◊注意事项：be+done对应的汉语意思，常见的有“被，受，给，等词，根据具体情况进行调整。例句翻译Studentsareplacedintoclassesaccordingtotheircurrentlanguageskills.Learningmaterialsareprovidedtostudentsthroughouttheircourse,andtherewillneverbemorethan15participantsineachclass.♦名词性从句根据主从复合句结构表先行判断结构，确定是名词性从句。先译除引导词外的从句内容再加上引导词的意思。When:...的那个时间Where:的那个地方Why:…的那个原因How:.的那个方式Who:…的那个人Whom:...的那个人Which:.的那个/的其中一个What:...的那个东西◊注意事项：名从中，引导词that不翻译；whether/if译为“是否”且一般不调整语序；以ever结尾的引导词，我们加上“无论”二字。例句翻译Whateverhedidmadeherhappy.Iwillgototheshopandseewhethertheyhaveatelephone.WerememberthefactthatSupermanusuallywearshisunderwearoutside.ThatiswhyIloveyou.♦定语从句根据主从复合句结构表先行判断结构，确定是定语从句。再根据有无逗号，把定从分成两种情况，无逗号的是限制性定语从句，有逗号的是非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句：先译除引导词外的从句内容，然后把这些内容加上“的“之后提至所修饰的先行词前。非限制性定语从句：先译主句，再译从句，从句中的引导词，我们一般译为“ta/ta们；ta/ta们的；在这个时间/地点/原因/方式中”◊注意事项：定从中多会出现从句引导词省略情况，所以一定要分清谓语，能够正确判断从句引导词省略情况。从句中常见省略情况：a） 宾从常省略thatb） 限制性定从中，经常省略关系副词和关系代词在从句中做宾语的情况。例句翻译Heisthemanyoutalkedabout.Theparkwheremanypeopledanceisoverthere.Theman,whosewifeispretty,isanengineer.IdiditthewayIhaddoneitbefore.♦状语从句根据主从复合句结构表先行判断结构，确定是状语从句。状语从句的结构跟中文相似，只是在翻译时，按照中文习惯，一般先译从句，再译主句。◊注意事项：状从的难点在于我们要正确识别引导词的意思，有些需要根据主从句的意思进行推导。例句翻译WhenIlivedthere,Iusedtogototheseaside.Youcancallmeifitrains.Itmusthaverainedlastnightforthegroundiswet.Howeverlateheis,hisfamilywillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.♦非谓语动词非谓语动词常见形式：todo/doing/done注意区分谓语动词的形式。非谓语动词分为主宾表位置和定状位。主宾表位置直接把非谓语动词当作整体来翻译。定状位置：定语我们提到所修饰的词前面，状语我们根据具体情况进行调整，要么前置要么后置。◊注意事项：todo/doing/done要翻译出相应的字面意思，todo是“为了“；doing是”（主动）做“；done是”被动做“非谓语动词动作是谁做的，我们就在非谓语动词前加上相应名词；若非谓语动词前没有名词，动作就是主语做的。例句翻译Seenbythevisitorsfromthetopofthemountain,thecityissplendid.Theplanecarryingalotoftouristsfelldownlastyear.Tofacethemiserablelifeneedscourage.Ilikerepairingcomputers.♦介词短语形式：介词+名词介词短语分为表语位置和定状位置。表语位置一般直接翻译；定状位置一般需要调整语序，尤其是定语。◊注意事项：介词短语有时因为名词短语的复杂性，会特别长，一定不要被迷惑。比如:oflargebusesandbigsubways例句翻译Morningorafternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.Malcolmwillexplainthehistoryofimportingnaturaliceandthetechnologyofbuildingicewells,andhowLondon’sicetradegrew.♦并列结构并列句二简单句+并列连词+简单句（有两套独立谓语）并列相似成分二结构1+并列连词+结构2（常见结构可以是介词短语/从句/名词短语/形容词/副词/非谓语动词等）◊注意事项：

解题时，应该先分析并列结构是哪种情况，谨记“结构相同，内容相似”这八字真言。例句翻译Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup.WebothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV3)Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark’sredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaythepark’sbeavers.♦特殊句型强调句Itwas/is+被强调部分+that/who+除强调部分外句子剩余部分译为：正是。。。感叹句How/What译为"多么倒装句分清倒装句然后把倒装句调整为正装语序来翻译。分清倒装句然后把倒装句调整为正装语序来翻译。◊注意事项：此部分的翻译，一定要先分清是否是特殊句型。英语中的简单句又称不特殊句型中英文是一样的。例题翻译ItisTomthatisapainintheass.Whatanicecaritis!3）Ashardhestudies,hedoesn’tmakeit.4）HerecomestheRockstar.配套练习Formostcitypeople,theelevatorisanunremarkablemachinethatinspiresnoneoftheenthusiasmorinterestthatAmericansaffordtrains,jets,andevenbicycles.DrChristopherWilkisamemberofasmallgroupofelevatorexpertswhoconsiderthisamisunderstanding.Withouttheelevator,theypointout,therecouldbenodowntownskyscrapersortallbuildings,andcitylifeasweknowitwouldbeimpossible.Inthatsense,theyargue,theelevator'sroleinAmericanhistoryhasbeennolesssignificantthanthatofcars.Infact,accordingtoWilk,thecarandtheelevatorhavebeenlockedina“secretwar”foroveracentury,withcarsmakingitpossibleforpeopletospreadhorizontally（水平地）,andelevatorspushingthemtowardslifeinclosegroupsoftoweringvertical（垂直的）columns.Ifwetendtoignorethesignificanceofelevators,itmightbebecauseridinginthemtendstobesuchabrief,boring,andevenawkwardexperience—onethatcaninvolveunexpectedlymeetingpeoplewithwhomwehavenothingincommon,andanunpleasantawarenessofthefactthatwe'rehangingfromacableinalongpassage.Inanewbook,Lifted,GermanjournalistandculturalstudiesprofessorAndreasBernarddirectedallhisattentiontothisexperience,studyingtheoriginsofelevatoranditsrelationshiptohumankindandfindingthatridinginanelevatorhasneverbeenatotallycomfortableexperience.“After150years,wearestillnotusedtoit,”Bernardsaid.“Westillhavenotexactlylearnttocopewiththemixtureofclosenessanddispleasure.”Thatmixture,accordingtoBernard,setstheelevatorrideapartfromjustabouteveryothersituationwefindourselvesinaswegoaboutourlives.Today,astheworld'surbanpopulationexplodes,andcitiesbecomemorecrowded,taller,andmorecrowded,America'stotalnumberofelevators——900,000atlastcount,accordingtoElevatorWorldmagazine's“2012VerticalTransportationIndustry”一areaforcethat'sbecomingmoreimportantthanever.Andforthepeoplewhoreally,reallylovethem,itseemslikehightimethatwelookedseriouslyatjustwhatkindofforcetheyare.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph1referto?Thegeneralviewofelevators.Theparticularinterestsofexperts.Thedesireforaremarkablemachine.Theenth