焊接专业英语术语词汇中英文对照

焊接专业英语术语词汇中英文对照焊接的分类：⑴熔化焊接（Fusionwelding）如：手工电弧焊（SMAW：Shieldedmetalarcwelding）埋弧焊（SAW：Submergedarcwelding）钨极惰性气体保护电弧焊（TIG：TungstenInert-Gasarcwelding）熔化极惰性气体保护电弧焊（MIG：metalInert-gasarcwelding）⑵压力焊接（Pressurewelding）如：冷压焊（Coldwelding）摩擦焊（Frictionwelding）扩散焊（Diffusionwelding）爆炸焊（Explosivewelding）⑶钎焊（Soldering(软钎焊)/Brazing（硬钎焊））如：电阻钎焊（resistancebrazing）火焰钎焊（torchbrazing/soldering）其它常用焊接：热压焊：hotpressurewelding电渣焊：electroslagwelding电子束焊：electronbeamwelding电阻焊：resistancewelding点焊:Spotweld注释：除非有特殊工作的可能要多了解其它的，一般焊接的基本英语知识掌握这些就可以了，多了反而不好记忆。焊缝接头（Weldedjoint）1、常用焊接接头：对接接头(Buttjoint);搭接接头（Lapjoint）；角接接头（Filitweld）;T型接头（T-joint/Teejoint）；最常用的是:对接接头（Buttjointisthemostusedone）2、对接接头：两焊件端面相对平行的接头（Thejointwhoseweldingsuefacesofbothweldingpartsareparalleliscalledbuttjoint.）2.1不开坡口的对接接头（Buttjointwithoutgroove）2.1.1薄钢板的焊接（Weilingofthinsteelsheets）如果产品在厚度方向上不要求全焊透，可进行单面焊接，应必须保证焊缝的计算厚度H≥0.7δ，δ为板厚。如果要求产品在整个厚度上全部焊透，可在焊缝背面用碳弧气刨清跟后再进行焊接，即形成不开坡口的双面焊接对接接头。（Iftheproductdoesn’tneedfullpenetrationofwelding,wecantakesingle-sidewelding,andmustmakesurethatthecaculatingthicknessismorethanorequalto0.7δ(δisthethicknessofsteelsheets),Iffullpenetrationofweldingneeded,wecanusecarbonarcgougingtobackchippingatthebackofweld,afterwhichweidingcanbetaken,thanthedouble-facedweldingbuttjointwithoutgrooveisformed.）2.1.2厚钢板的焊接（Weilingofthicksteelsheets）开坡口的对接接头，用于钢板较厚而需要全焊透的焊件。（Buttjointwithgrooveisusedforthickweldingpartswhichisneededfullpenetrationofwelding）坡口（Groove）1.坡口的几何尺寸(Geometricaldimensionofgroove)1.1坡口面（Grooveface/surface）焊件的坡口表面叫坡口面（Thesurfaceofgrooveisnamedgrooveface）1.2坡口面的角度和坡口角度（groovefaceangleandgrooveangle）焊件表面的垂直面与坡口之间的夹角叫做坡口面角度（Theanglebetweentheverticalsurfaceoftheweldingpartandthegrooveiscalledgroovefaceangle.两个坡口之间的角度叫做坡口角度（Theanglebetweenthetwogroovefacesiscalledgrooveface）.1.3根部间隙（Rootopening/clearance）在焊接前，接头根部之间留的预留的空隙叫根部间隙，根部间隙的作用在焊接打底焊道时，能保障根部可以焊透。（Theclearanceobligatedforjointbeforeweldingiscalledrootopning,whosefunctionistokeeptherootcanbefullpenetrationweldedwhenbackingweldiswelded）.1.4钝边（Rootface）焊件开坡口时，沿焊件方向未开坡口的端面部分叫钝边。（Whengrooveismade,thefacewithoutgroovealongtheweidingpartdirectioniscalledrootface）1.5根部半径（Rootradius）在J型、U型坡口底部的半径叫根部半径。（TheradiusatthebottomoftheJ-grooveorV-grooveiscalledrootradius）.1.6坡口的形式：根据坡口形状的不同，长用的有：I型（不开坡口），V型，X型，U型；（Forthedifferentofgrooveshape,wecanclassifythegroovemainlyintoI-groove(withoutgroove),v-groove,X-groove,U-groove.）V型坡口是最常用的坡口形式，便于加工，焊接时为单面焊，不用翻转焊件，但焊后容易变形。（V-grooveisthemostusedone.whichiseasytomachineandnoturnisneeded,butdistortioniseasytoform）1.7坡口的加工常用方法：氧气切割（oxygencutting），碳弧气刨（carbonarcgouging），刨削（planing）,车削（turning）氧气切割：应用最广泛的一种，有手工、办自动、自动三种方法。（oxygencutting：Themostusedone,Inludingmannul,semi-automaticandautomaticop焊缝（weld）1.焊缝的分类：对接焊缝（buttweld）,角焊缝（filletweld）,塞焊缝（plugweld），端接焊缝（edgeweld）2.焊缝的形状与尺寸：2.1焊缝尺寸：焊缝的尺寸用一系列几何尺寸来表示：welddimension:（Thedimensionofweldisdefinedbyaseriesofgeometricaldimensions.）⑴焊缝宽度（weldwidth）⑵余高（weldreinforcement）⑶熔深（depthofpenetration）⑷焊缝厚度（welddepth）⑸角焊缝的形状和尺寸（Theshapeandimensionoffilletjoint）角焊缝的形状和尺寸的表示参数：①焊缝计算高度（weldcaculatinghight）②焊缝凸度（weldconvexity）③焊缝凸度（weldconcavity）⑹焊缝成型系数（Thecoefficientofweldmoulding）焊接工艺参数对焊缝成型的影响（Theaffectionofweldingprocedureparametertoweldformation）焊接工艺参数：焊接时，为保证焊接质量而选定的诸物理量（如：焊接电流、电弧电压、焊接速度、线能量等）的总称叫焊接工艺参数。（Weldingprocedureparameter：Thefloorboardofallphysicalterms(asweidingcurrent,arcvoltage,weldingspeed,energydefinitionsandsoon)whichareselectedtoansuretheweldingqualitywhenweldingistakeniscalledweldingprocedureparameter）1、焊接电流：当其它条件不变时，增加焊接电流，则焊缝宽度和厚度都增加，而焊缝宽度几乎保持不边。其原因是：Weldingcurrent:Whentheotherconditionsdon’tchange,iftheweldcurrentisadded,boththewelddepthandweldreinforcementwillincrease,theweldwidthalmostwillnotchange.Thereasonsare:⑴焊接电流增加时，电弧的热量增加，因此熔池体积和弧坑深度都随电流增加，所以冷却下来后，焊缝厚度就增加。Whentheweldingcurrentisadded,thequalityofheatofthearcwillincrease,soboththevolumeofmoltenpuddleandthedepthofarccraterwillallincrease,andthewelddepthwillincreasewhentheweldiscooling.⑵焊接电流增加时，焊丝的熔化量也增加，因此焊缝的余高也随之增加。Whentheweldingcurrentisadded,thefusionqualityofweldingstickwillincrease,sotheweldreinforcementalsowillincrease.⑵焊接电流增加时，一方面是电弧截面略有增加，导致熔宽增加，另一方面是电流增加促使弧坑深度增加。由于电压没有改变，所以弧厂也不变，导致电弧潜入熔池，使电弧摆动范围缩小，就是促使容熔宽减小。由于两者的共同作用，实际上熔宽几乎保持不变。Whentheweldingcurrentisadded,ontheonehand,thesectionofarcwillmoreorlessincrease,sothefusionwidthwillincrease;ontheotherhand,thedepthofarccraterwillincrease.Fortheweldingvoltagedoesn’tchange,sothearclengthalsowillnotchange,andthearcwillpenetrateintothemoltenpuddle,whichwillmaketheswingrangesmall,sothefusionwidthwilldecrease.Bythebotheffection,thefusionwidthisalmostnotchangedpractically.2、电弧电压：当其它条件不变时，电弧电压增大，焊缝宽度显著增加而焊缝和余高将略有减少。这是因为电弧电压增加意味着电弧的长度增加，因此电弧摆动范围扩大而导致焊缝宽度增加。同时，电弧增长后，电弧的热量损失加大，所以用来熔化母材和焊丝的热量减少，相对焊缝宽度和余高就略有减少。Arcvoltage::Whentheotherconditionsdon’tchange,thearcvoltageisadded,theweldwidthwillincreasenotably,butthewelddepthandweldreinforcementwilldecreasesmally.Thisisbeacausethatthetheaddationofarcvoltagemeansthedecreasement,sotheenlargementofareswingmakestheincreasementofweldwidth.Meanwhile,asthegrowthofarc,thelostofarcheatqualitybecomeslarger,sotheheatqualitywhichisusedtofusebasemetalandweldstickdecreases,theweldwidthandweldreinforcementdecreasescomparatively.3、焊接速度（weldingspeed）焊接速度对焊缝厚度和焊缝宽度有明显的影响，当焊接速度增加时，焊缝厚度和宽度都大为下降，这是因为焊接速度增加时，焊缝中单位时间内输入的热量减少。Theweldingspeedhaveevidenteffectiononwelddepthandweldwidth,whenweldingspeedisadded,bothwelddepthandweldwidthwilldecrease,fortheinputedheatpertimeislimited.4、其它因素：①电极直径和焊丝外伸:electrodediameterandweldingstickoutsideelongation②电极（焊丝）倾角：elecrode(stick)obliquity③焊件倾角:weldingpartsobliquity④坡口形状:grooveshape⑤保护气体成分:elementsofprotectivegas⑥焊剂:weldingflux⑦母材的化学成分:elementsofbasicmetaleration.）焊接电弧（weldingarc）电弧是一种空气导电的现象，在两极间强烈而持久的放电现象称为电弧。Arcisphenomenonofelectricconductivityintheatmosphere,thefierceandpermanentphenomenonofelectricitydischargeiscalledarc.1、引弧法（arcgenerationtechnique）⑴接触短路引弧法（arcgenerationtechniqueofshortcircuitcontaction）⑵高压脉冲引弧法（arcgenerationtechniqueofhighvoltagepulse）2、焊接电弧的组成（theconstituitionofweldingarc）⑴阳极区（anodearea）⑵阴极区（cathodearea）⑶弧柱区（arcpolearea焊接应力与变形1、内应力：内应力是在没有外力条件下平衡于物体内部的应力。Innerstress：Innerstressisthestresswhichbalancestheobjectinteriorwithoutexteriorstress.2、变形：物体在某些外界条件下的影响下，发生形状和尺寸的变化。Deformation：Theobjecthaschangementsofshapeanddimensionundersomeinfluencesofoutsideconditions.变形的分类：自由变形（freedeformation）;外观变形（visualdeformation）;内部变形（innerdeformation）3、焊接残余变形（weldingresidualdeformation）的分类⑴纵向收缩变形：构件焊后在焊缝方向上发生的收缩。Longitudinalcontractiondeformation：Thecomponentcontractsinthewelddirectionafterweiding.⑵横向收缩变形：构件焊后在垂直焊缝方向上发生的收缩。Transverse/cross/lateralcontractiondeformation：Thecomponentcontractsintheuprightdirectionofweldafterweiding.⑶弯曲变形：构件焊后朝一侧弯曲的变形。Bendingdeformation：Thecomponentbendsinonesideafterwelding.⑷其它：①角变形：（angulardeformation）②波浪变形：（wave-likedeformation）③错边变形：（mismatchingdeformation）④扭曲变形：（deflectiondeformation）焊接残余变形的因素（thereasonsofweldingresidualdeformation）1、焊接位置：如果焊缝在结构布置对称，焊接顺序合理时，则主要产生纵向收缩和横向收缩变形，反之，则要发生弯曲变形。Weldingposition:Iftheconfigurationcollocationofweldissymmetryandtheweldingsequenceisreasonable,thelongitudinalcontractionandtransverselateralcontractiondeformationareusuallyproduced,incontrast,thebendingdeformationisusuallyproduced.2、结构刚性：结构抵抗变形的能力叫刚性。刚性大的结构焊后变形小。结构的刚性取决于结构截面的形状、尺寸和布置，截面积越大，长度越短，刚性越大。Configurationrigidity:Thecapabilityofresistingdeformationofconfigurationiscalledrigidity,.theconfigurationwhoserigidityislargehaslessdeformation.Therigidityofconfigurationdependsontheshape,dimensionandcollocationofconfigurationsecyion,ifthesecyionislargeandthelengthisshorter,therigiditywillbelarger.3、装配—焊接顺序：将结构总装后进行焊接，由于结构刚性增加，可以减少焊后变形。Assembly—weldingsequence:Theconfigurationwhichhadbeenwholeassembledcandecreaseweldingdeformationforconfigurationrigidityhadbeenadded.4、坡口长度和形式：焊缝越长，焊接变形越大，坡口内空间越大，变形越大。Groovelengthandshape:Iftheweldislongerorthethevacuumofgrooveislarger,theweldingdeformationwillbelarger.5、焊接线能量：焊接线能量越大，焊接变形越大。Weldingenergydefinition:IftheWeldingenergydefinitionislarger,theweldingdeformationwillbelargertoo.控制焊接残余变形的措施Themeasuresofcontrolweldingresidualdeformation.1、设计措施：正确的设计方案是控制变形的根本措施。Designmeasure:Therightdesignschemeisthebasicalmeasuretocontrolthedeformation.⑴选用合理的焊缝尺寸：增大焊缝尺寸，变形也会变大；但过小的焊缝尺寸，将降低裂纹的承载能力，使接头的冷却速度加快。Choosingthereasonablewelddimension:Thedefornationwillbeincreasedwhenwelddimensionisadded;butifthewelddimensionistoosmall,itwilldecreasereducetheloadabilityofweldandquickenthecoolingspeedofjoint.⑵尽可能的减少焊缝数量：适当选择板壁的厚度，可减少焊后变形矫正量。Decreasetheweldnumberaspossible:Choosingtherightthicknessofsteelplatecanreducetherectificationamountafterwelding!⑶合理安排焊缝位置：Arrangetheweldpositionreasonably:⑷预留收缩余量：Remainthecontractioninadvance.⑸留出焊接夹具的位置：Remainthepositionofweldingclampinadvance.控制焊接残余变形的措施Themeasuresofcontrolweldingresidualdeformation.2、工艺措施（Proceduremeasure）⑴选择合理的装配—焊接顺序Selectingtherightassembly—weldingsequence.不同的装配—焊接顺序，焊后产生不同的残余变形，一般是先点固，再进行对称焊接。Differentassembly—weldingsequencemayresultdifferentrisidualdeformation,weusuallytakefixupbyspotweldingfirst,thentakeweldingsymmetrically.⑵选择合理的焊接顺序Selectingtherightweldingsequence.①采用对称焊接Takesymmetricalwe