高考北师大版英语大一轮复习能力提升题组训练Unit21HumanBiology

Unit21HumanBiology能力提升题组训练(A)Ⅰ.阅读(2019高三双语报38期)Scientistshavefoundanunexpecteduseforvirtualrealityheadsets(VR虚拟现实头显).Thedevices,widelyusedbyputergamers,showpicturesthatcanbeusedtotestthenavigational(导航的)skillsofpeople,whowerethoughttobeatriskofdementia(痴呆).ThosewhodoworseinthetestswillbetheonesmorelikelytodevelopAlzheimer’sdiseaselaterinlife,scientistsnowbelieve.ThediscoverythatthelossofnavigationalskillswasassociatedwithAlzheimer’swasmadeseveralyearsagobyDennisChanandhiscolleaguesbasedatseveralcentersintheUK.Thesestudiesusedtabletputerstotestnavigationaltasks.Butnowscientistsplantotaketheirteststoanewlevelwiththeuseofthevirtualrealityheadsetsinwhichwearersareplacedinmanmadeenvironmentsthroughwhichtheymustnavigate.Around300people,agedbetween40and60,willbearrangedtotakepartinthestudy.SomewillhaveagenethatputsthematriskoftheconditionorwillefromafamilywithahistoryofAlzheimer’s.Notallwillcertainlybeaffectedbythedisease,however.Chan’sprojectaimstofindoutwhowill.Wearingtheheadsets,participantswillbeaskedtonavigatetheirwaythroughaseriesofdifferentenvironmentsandthenrememberthedetails.Researchersrecentlypointedoutthesignificanceofatinyareaofthebrainknownastheentorhinalcortex(animportantmemorycenterinthebrain).Itactsasacenterinawidespreadbrainnetworkthatcontrolsnavigation.ThisnowappearstobethefirstpartofthebrainthatseemstobeeasilyharmedbyAlzheimer’s.Thegoaloftheworkistohelppeopleastheydevelopthedisease.“Sofar,drugtrialsforAlzheimer’shavebeenappliedwhenpeoplehavealreadygotdementia,bywhichtimeconsiderabledamagetothebrainhasalreadyoccurred.”Chantoldtheobserver,“Ifwecandevelopdrugsandusethemearlier,forexamplebeforethediseasehasspreadbeyondtheentorhinalcortex,thenthiswouldhavethepotentialtopreventdementia.”1.WhatdoestheunexpecteduseofVRheadsetsmentionedinParagraph1referto?A.Reducingtheriskofhavingdementia.B.Testingone’spotentialofdevelopingdementia.C.HelpingpeoplesufferingAlzheimer’srecover.D.Makinggamesmoreinterestingforputergamers.2.Whatdotheresearchersrequiretheparticipantstodointhestudy?A.Playputergamesbyusingnavigationalskills.B.Knowunfamiliarenvironmentsbyusingtabletputers.C.Createspecialenvironmentsbyusingnavigationalskills.D.Identifydirectionsinsomemanmadeenvironments.3.What’simpliedabouttheentorhinalcortexinthebrain?A.Itcandirectlyaffectone’snavigationalskills. B.ItcanbeexpandedbyusingVRheadsets.C.Itsfunctionshavebeenknownforyears. D.Itssizedependsonthatofone’smemorycenter.4.WhydoestheauthormentionChan’swords?A.ToprovetheharmofAlzheimer’s. B.Totellwaysofpreventingdementia.C.Toshowthesignificanceofthestudy. D.Toexplainthenecessityofimprovingthestudy.语篇解读:本文是说明文,介绍了科学家可以虚拟现实头显提前检测一个人是否有患痴呆症的风险。答案及剖析:1.B细节理解题。根据第一段的Thedevices...canbeusedtotestthenavigational(导航的)skillsofpeoplewhowerethoughttobeatriskofdementia(痴呆)可知,其新功能就是用来检测人们患痴呆症的风险。2.D细节理解题。根据第二段的inwhichwearersareplacedinmanmadeenvironmentsthroughwhichtheymustnavigate以及第四段的participantswillbeaskedtonavigatetheirwaythroughaseriesofdifferentenvironments.可知,参与者被要求在模拟的环境中辨别方向。3.A推理判断题。根据第五段的theentorhinalcortex...Itactsasacenterinawidespreadbrainnetworkthatcontrolsnavigation.可知,其直接影响一个人的辨别方向的能力。4.C写作意图题。根据末段的Ifwecandevelopdrugsandusethemearlier...thenthiswouldhavethepotentialtopreventdementia.可知,是为了表明这项研究工作很重要。Ⅱ.七选五(2019湖南衡阳高三一模)HowlongcouldyoustandonAntarcticicebeforeyourbarefeetfrozesolid?Aminute.Maybetwo?Ifyou’reanemperorpenguin,youcandoitfortwomonthsincruelwindsataslowas75degreesFahrenheit.1.,buttheirspecialcirculationactsasakindofantifreezetokeepthemwarmenough.

Penguinlegsandfeethaveevolvedtoloseaslittleheataspossible.Penguinfeetpreserveheatbyrestrictingbloodflowinreallycoldweather,keepingfoottemperaturejustabovefreezing.2..

Bloodvesselstoandfromthefeetareverynarrowandwovencloselytogether,coolingthebloodfromthebodyonthewaytothefeetandheatingthebloodasitreturnstothebody.3..

Thisspecialabilityispartofhowpenguinskeeptheireggswarmuntiltheyhatch.Eachpenguinegg’sfatherbalancesitonhisfeetandcoversitwithhisverywarmlayeroffeatheredskintokeepitcozywhilefemalesareoutfeedingatsea.4..Iffemaleshaven’treturnedwithfoodbytimethechickshatch,malepenguinsfeedtheirbabiesforafewdaysonakindof“milk”madefromspecialcellsinsidetheirthroats.

5..Yourhandsgetwhiterduringfreezingweatherbecausethere’slessbloodinthemwhichhasbeenredirectedtothecentralpartofyourbodytomakesurevitalorgansstaywarm.

legsworklikeaheatexchangesystemB.ThosenakedbirdfeetmaylookextremelycoldC.Therefore,themalepenguinsmuststaytogetheringroupsD.However,parentingdoesn’tstopthereforthesedevotedfathersE.Emperorpenguinsalsohavetheabilityto“recycle”theirownbodyheatF.Feetgetcoolbloodsothere’slessheattolose,whilethebodystayswarmandfortableG.Infact,humanshavetheabilitytorestrictbloodflowtotheirhandsandfeetincoldweathertoo答案:15BAFDGⅢ.完形填空Todaywespentthemorninggoingthroughourpersonalbelongings.Wewerelookingforitemsto1forfreeatalocalpark.Notjustanyitemsbutthingspeoplereally2.Ouraimwasnottofindthingswenolonger3butthingsweuseeverydaythatwouldbe4toothers.

Wepackedthesethings5theboxandaddedsomesmalltoys.Weaddedalistoflocaladdressesandphonenumbersoflocal6agencies.Insidetheboxasimpleletterwasplaced.Itread:“Pleasetaketheseitemsandknowthatyourlifeisimportant.7aredifficultbutthesedayswillpass.Wesharewhatwehavebelievingthatitwill8.Usethefoodtonurtureyourbodyandusetheblanketstostaywarm.Besafeandknowthatthehuman9canovereanything.Donotholdyourheaddownforhavinganeedtostaywarm.Somedaypleasedothesamewhenyoucan.”

Thiskind10wasnotbecausethephonerangorforanyreasons.Itwas11becauseitwasrighttodoso.Wehaveoftenseen12peopleattheparkwhereweleftthebelongings.Inoticedthatmywifehadputherfavoritegreencoatintothebox.Iaskedifshewas13aboutitandshejustrepliedthatithadahood(风帽).HeranswertoldmewhyitisIwholoveher.Shelikedthecoatbutknewthehoodcould14someonefromtherain.

Whoknowswherethesegiftsof15willgo?Howmanyusescanablanketserveotherthanwhatitwasdesignedtodo?Wenevergobackandseewhathappens.Itisunimportant.Therightthingswillfindtherightpeopleandthatisallthatcounts.

off B.putup C.giveaway D.giveup语篇解读:本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,主要叙述了作者和妻子为一些无家可归的人捐衣物,这些衣物并不是自己不需要的,而是一些自己在用而且对别人也是有用的。作者认为适当的人得到适当的东西最重要。答案及剖析:1.Cputoff推迟;putup张贴;giveaway赠送;giveup放弃。根据下文的描述可知,此时我们是在找一些可以在当地的公园免费赠送的衣物,故选C。2.Aneeded需要;collected收集;produced生产;searched搜索。根据Notjustanyitemsbutthingspeoplereally2.可知,此处意为:不是随便的东西而是人们真正的东西。并结合常识可知,我们(所要赠送的)不是任何东西,而是人们真正需要的,故选A。

3.Baccepted接受;wanted想要;carried搬运;bought买。根据“butthingsweuseeverydaythatwouldbe4toothers”可知,我们的目标不是找我们不想要的东西,故选B。

4.Dwonderful极好的;beautiful美丽的;hopeful有希望的;useful有用的。根据“Notjustanyitemsbutthingspeoplereallyneeded.”可知,我们所要赠送的是我们每天都用的,对别人也是有用的东西,故选D。5.C根据下文的Insidetheboxasimpleletterwasplaced.可知选C。6.Dworking工作;parking停车;delivering投递;helping帮助。既然盒子里是赠送给别人的东西,里面应该是援助机构的地址和,故选D。7.CWays方法;Problems问题;Times时光;Situations情况。根据后面的句子“butthesedayswillpass”可知,困难的时光会过去的,故选C。8.Amatter重要;continue继续;change改变;depend依赖。我们与别人分享我们所拥有的有用之物(即将有用的衣物赠送给别人),我们相信这很重要,故选A。9.Bliberty自由;spirit精神;health健康;wisdom智慧。人类的精神可以战胜一切,故选B。10.Cattempt企图;manner方式;act行为;habit习惯。根据上文“Wewerelookingforitemstoforfreeatalocalpark.”可知,此处是指“捐赠的善举”,故选C。

11.Bsuddenly突然;simply仅仅;strangely奇怪地;usually通常。根据Thiskind10wasnotbecausethephonerangorforanyreasons.可知,此处意为:我们为别人赠送所需的衣物,仅仅只是因为这么做是正确的,故选B。

12.Baimless没有目标的;homeless无家可归的;childless无子女的;friendless没有朋友的。根据“...forfreeatalocalpark”及“attheparkwhereweleftthebelongings”可知,我们经常会在公园里面看见无家可归的人,故选B。13.Asure确信的;regretful后悔的;worried担忧的;anxious焦虑的。根据“mywifehadputherfavoritegreencoatintothebox”可知,此处意为:我问妻子是否确定把她最喜欢的绿色的外套也要放在盒子里一并赠送出去,故选A。14.Cseparate分开;prevent阻止;shelter庇护;hold持有。根据常识可知,妻子之所以要赠送最喜欢的绿色的外套,是因为衣服有风帽,她知道风帽可以保护人们不受雨淋,故选C。15.Baffection爱;sympathy同情;generosity慷慨;honesty诚实。根据上下文语境可知,作者和妻子把自己有用的同时对别人也有用的衣物赠送出去是同情怜悯这些无家可归的人,对他们施以爱心,但谁知道这些富有同情的礼物会去往什么地方,故选B。能力提升题组训练(B)Ⅰ.阅读A(2019东北三省三校高三一模)Hello,TheInternationalStudentCenterhasheardofseveralfrauds(诈骗)thataretargetinginternationalstudents.Someonemaycallandsaythattheyarefrom:·ImmigrationCanada·homecountry’sEmbassy·CanadaRevenueAgency·PoliceDepartmentInmostsituations,thecallerwillrequestthatyoumakeapaymentoryouwillfaceseriousconsequenceswhenreturningtoyourhomecountry.Theymaytalkorthreatenuntilyoumakeapayment.Whilethereisnowaythatthesefraudsterscanknowyouareaninternationalstudent(theycallCanadianstoo),herearesomethingsthatyoushouldknowinordertobetterprotectyourself:·UTSCprovidesyouwithFREEImmigrationadvisingandapplicationhelp(forStudy&WorkPermits,Visas,PermanentResidence,andCitizenship).·CanadaRevenueAgency(CRA),Immigration,RefugeesandCitizenshipCanada(IRCC),andCanadianBorderServicesAgency(CBSA)willnotcallyou,andwillnotaskformoneyorpersonalinformationbyphone.Ifyoucallthem,youwillhavetoidentifyyourself.·Embassieswillnotthreatenyoutomakeapaymentorrequestaninvestigationfeeduetoafake(伪造的)passport.·Neverfeellikeyouneedtopayanyonemoneyrightaway.Askforanemployeenumberandhangup.Youcancallbackthepany(findtheirnumberonline)andaskaboutyoursituationtoconfirm.·Beskepticalofanyoneaskingyoutomakeapayment.·Thinktwicebeforeclickingtheweblinksprovidedandmakesuretheywillactuallygowheretheysay.·Ifyoufeelthatyouhavebeenthevictimofafraud,youshouldreportthistothepoliceintheregionwhereyoulive(e.g.TorontoPoliceServices).YoucanalsoinformCampusPolice.·Ifyou’renotsureaboutsomething,WAIT.etotheISC(IC350)andmeetwithaTransitionAdvisor.Wecanhelpyouunderstandwhat’shappening.KendelChitolieInternationalStudentAdvisor,RISIAS700907InternationalStudentCentre1.Itmaybeafraudifthecalleraskingformoneysayshe/sheisfrom.

A.InternationalStudentCentre B.InternationalAirlineC.CanadaTravelAgency D.ImmigrationCanada2.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.Embassieswillnotaskyoutopayforaninvestigationfeeforafakepassport.B.UTSCwillaskformoneyifyouneedhelpforStudy&WorkPermits.C.Youcangorightawaytothegivenweblinksandbelievewhattheysay.D.Ifyou’renotsureaboutsomething,reportittothepoliceintheregionwhereyoulive.3.Whoisthisemailintendedfor?A.Internationalstudents. B.Students’parents.C.Canadians. D.Schoolteachers.语篇解读:本文是一篇应用文,介绍了针对国际学生的骗局的特点以及告诉国际学生如何警惕上当受骗。答案及剖析:1.D细节理解题。根据“Someonemaycallandsaythattheyarefrom:·ImmigrationCanada”可知,如果自称是加拿大移民局的人打向你收钱,那么这可能是一个骗局,故D项正确。2.A细节理解题。根据“Embassieswillnotthreatenyoutomakeapaymentorrequestaninvestigationfeeduetoafake(伪造的)passport.”可知,大使馆不会要求你为假护照支付调查费用,故A项正确。3.A推理判断题。根据文章第一句话“TheInternationalStudentCenterhasheardofseveralfrauds(诈骗)thataretargetinginternationalstudents.”可知,国际学生中心听说了针对国际学生的骗局,文章介绍了这些骗局的特点以及告诉国际学生如何警惕上当,由此可知本文的目标读者是国际学生,故A项正确。B(2019湖南郴州高三质检)Whatwereyoulikeasateenager?Iwasanightmare.Iwasrudetomyparents,alwaysstayedoutlate,neverdidmyhomework,hungoutwiththewrongpeopleandmadelotsofbaddecisions.Apparently,thisistheagewhenteenagersareoutofcontrolandbehavebadly.Maybe,ifyou’reateenagernow,youthinkthisisunfaircriticismorit’snotyourfault.Well,youmightberight!Expertshavefoundthatit’sateenager’sbrainthatistoblame.Betweentheagesofapproximately13to19—aperiodknownasadolescence—thebrainisstilldevelopinginareasthatcontrolbehavior.Thishasaninfluenceonlearningandmultitasking(同时做多件事情),stressandmemory,sleep,addiction,anddecisionmaking.Forparents,theseconsequencesoftenmanifestthemselvesinavarietyofbehaviorsthattheymayhavepreviouslyblamedonhormonesorjustmoodiness(喜怒无常).

Thisisquiteanewdiscovery,accordingtoProfessorSarahJayneBlakemore,who,speakingontheBBCradioprogramTheLifeScientific,says,“whenIwasatuniversity,thedogma(教条)inthetextbookswasthatthevastmajorityofbraindevelopmentgoesoninthefirstfewyearsoflifeandnothingmuchchangesaftermidchildhood.Thatdogmaispletelyfalse.”AccordingtoProfessorSarahJayneBlakemore,students’notbeingabletogettheirhomeworkdoneontimehassomethingtodowithourprefrontalcortex—that’sthepartofourbrainrightatthefront,justbehindtheforehead.Shesays,“it’sinvolvedinawholerangeofveryhighlevelcognitive(认知的)taskssuchasdecisionmakingandplanning—weknowthatthisregionisundergoingverylargeamountsofdevelopmentduringtheadolescentyears.”Thisisthepartofthebrain,mainlyinvolvedinplanning,and,forateenager,thishasn’tdevelopedyet.Sogettingorganizedtodotheirhomework,forexample,caneasabitofachallenge.IwishI’dknownaboutthisbecauseinsteadoftellingmyteacherI’dleftmyhomeworkonthebusorthatthedoghadeatenit.NowIcouldsay,“Sorrysir,mybrainisn’tdevelopedenoughforthecognitivetaskofplanningmyhomework.”4.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Thegrowingpainsofteenagers. B.Thedogmainthetextbookswasfalse.C.Anewdiscoveryabouttheteenagers’brain. D.Thestudents’newchallengeofdoingtheirhomework.5.Accordingtotheauthor,whyisitabitofachallengeforstudentstodotheirhomework?A.Thestudentsaremoody. B.Hormonesaretoblame.C.Thereistoomuchhomework. D.Thebrainsofthestudentshaven’tbeendeveloped.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“manifest”mean?A.Develop. B.Show. C.Abandon. D.Experience.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍关于青少年大脑的新发现。答案及剖析:4.C主旨大意题。根据第二段中Expertshavefoundthatit’sateenager’sbrainthatistoblame.Betweentheagesofapproximately13to19—aperiodknownasadolescence—thebrainisstilldevelopinginareasthatcontrolbehavior.可知,本文介绍关于青少年大脑的新发现。故选C。5.D细节理解题。根据第四段中Thisisthepartofthebrain,mainlyinvolvedinplanning,and,forateenager,thishasn’tdevelopedyet.Sogettingorganizedtodotheirhomework,forexample,caneasabitofachallenge.可知,根据作者的观点,因为学生们的大脑还没有发育好,所以做作业对学生来说有点挑战性。故选D。6.B词义猜测题。根据第二段中Forparents,theseconsequencesoftenmanifestthemselvesinavarietyofbehaviorsthattheymayhavepreviouslyblamedonhormonesorjustmoodiness(喜怒无常).“对于父母来说,这些后果常常表现在各种各样的行为上,他们之前可能把这些行为归咎于荷尔蒙或喜怒无常”。由此推知划线词的意思是“显示”。故选B。Ⅱ.语法填空(2019山东济南高三一模)Papercuttingwasrecognizedasanationalculturalheritage(遗产)in2006.Accordingtoexperts,papercuttingconveystheculturesharedbetweenChina1.theWesttowishforfamilyreunionsandmaintainlinkswithlovedones,aliveordead.

InthemovieCoco,forinstance,the12yearoldMiguelandhisfamilydanceandsingtocelebratetheDayoftheDead,a2.(tradition)festivalinMexico,whencolorfulpapercutsarehungonthestreet.Chinesepeoplealsocutimagesofsmallfigures3.(call)backthespiritsofthedead.ThedifferenceisthatmostChinesepapercutsarered,whilethoseinothercountries4.(be)oftenmadeinmanyothercolors.

FairytalewriterHansChristianAndersenlikedtocut5.(character),suchasprincessesandangels,outofpaperwhile6.(tell)storiestochildren.InChina,femalefriendsandfamilymembersusedtochatandmakepapercutstogether.

“7.thepatternsandcolorsmaybedifferent,papercutssharethesamefunctionofmaintainingemotionaltiesamongpeople,”saysYangHuizi,8.artteacheratPekingUniversity.

Yang9.(study)andperformedtheartfo