中考英语阅读技巧之七快速浏览文章+精确抓准题眼

模块7快速浏览文章精确抓准题眼技巧点拨

所谓“题眼”有两个意思：首先指题目的题眼，也就是一道题中关键的词句（条件），只有抓住了题目中关键的词句（条件），才能正确的理解题目的含义，从而找出解题的思路和方法。另外，题眼也可指文章的题眼，即文章中可能出题的地方。本模块主要针对后者进行讲解与训练。阅读理解文章的题眼一般出现在以下几个方面：长难句、带有从句的句子(特别是定语从句、让步状语从句和比较状语从句)、双重否定、部分否定、各类比较句(如morethan,lessthan,ratherthan,otherthan,notso...as...等等)、表示因果、条件关系的句子、表示"似乎、好像、可能"的词、一些重要的信号词(如:but,however,nevertheless,though等等)、列举的几个事实、固定搭配(主要是动词词组、形容词词组以及这些词的词类变化后的搭配)等。快速浏览文章，精确抓准题眼，可以高效答题与解题。其操作过程如下：最左面框中内容为：“题眼阅读”流程浏览文章浏览文章，了解文意阅读文章的标题、副标题、小标题、图片，了解文章的大致内容和结构，这会非常有助于正确答题。敏察题眼，准备答题阅读文章时,对可能出题的词汇、句子和结构要敏感,通过感觉和观察,发现题眼,加深印象,提高关注程度与理解深度。一定要标记出可能出题的题眼，以便答题时查阅。阅读题目，记住关键词题目中的动词、介词短语、数量短语、专有名词、大写字母缩写、斜体字、带引号的词、相对比较少见的名词等都是关键词，可以有效地起定位作用。第4框内容为：题眼对照，快速答题最后一栏为：根据题目的题眼，找到文中与之呼应的题眼，快速直接或间接确定答案。讲透一题【典例1】(2011江苏连云港) Apassengertoldanairhostessthatheneededacupofwatertotakehismedicinewhentheplanejusttookoff.Shetoldhimthatshewouldbringhimthewaterintenminutes. Theairhostesswaskeptsobusythatsheforgottogivehimthewater.Asaresult,thepassengerwasheldup(延误)totakehismedicine.Thirtyminuteslater,whenthepassenger’sringforservicesounded,shehurriedovertohimwithacupofwater,butherefused. Inthefollowinghoursontheplane,eachtimetheairhostesspassedbythepassenger,shewouldaskhimwithasmilewhetherheneededhelpornot.Butthepassengerneveransweredaword. Whenhewasgoingtogetofftheplane,thepassengeraskedtheairhostesstohandhimthepassengers’booklet.Shewasverysad.Sheknewthathewouldwritedownsharpwords,butwithasmileshehandedittohim. Offtheplane,sheopenedthebooklet,andsmiled,forthepassengerputit.“Ontheflight,youaskedmewhetherIneededhelpornotfortwelvetimesinall.HowcanIrefuseyourtwelvesinceresmiles?” That’sright!Whocanrefusetwelvesinceresmilesfromaperson? 31.Tenminuteslater,thepassengerdidn’tgetthewater,because_________.A.theplanedidn’ttakeoff B.theairhostesswaskeptbusyandforgotit C.it’snotallowedtotakemedicineduringtheflight D.therewasn’tenoughwaterontheplane 32.Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph4referstothe_________. A.medicineB.waterC.cupD.booklet 33.Attheendofthestory,weknowthepassengerwas_______withtheairhostess.A.satisfiedB.unhappyC.angryD.bored最左框内容为：“题眼阅读”制胜千里标较深的印象.读完文章,开始做题时,会在预先标记的题眼中查找题区,可方便、快捷、准确地确定题区,做出正确答案.标较深的印象.读完文章,开始做题时,会在预先标记的题眼中查找题区,可方便、快捷、准确地确定题区,做出正确答案.浏览文章，了解文意这篇记叙文按时间顺序为线索，记述了一位空姐用12次真诚的微笑感动一位乘客的故事。前几段为叙事，最后一段为“点睛”段落。敏察题眼，准备答题以“时间顺序”为线索的文章中，不同的时间都是其题眼；本文出现从句的句子也为题眼；“but”这个信号词两次出现，也是本文的题眼。阅读题目，记住关键词31题：Tenminuteslater、didn’tget、water、because32题：underlinedword“it”inParagraph433题：Attheendofthestory,passenger，with，hostess第4框内容为：题眼对照，快速答题最后一栏为：根据31题的题眼“Tenminuteslater”，找到文中第二段第一句，便可快速锁定答案B。根据32题的题眼找到第四段划线词“it”，然后向前找它所代替的名词，就可以找到“booklet”这个答案。根据33题的题眼知道要判断乘客最后对空姐的感受，由倒数第二段最后一句可知，乘客被感动了，对空姐的真诚服务很满意。【答案解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一位空姐与一个乘客之间的故事。因工作太忙那位空姐忘记了给乘客倒水，而她后面给他倒水却被他拒绝。在接下来的几个小时里，空姐每次经过那位乘客都微笑问他是否需要帮助。最后她用十二次真诚的微笑终于感动了那位乘客。31.B细节理解题。由第二段第一句“Theairhostesswaskeptsobusythatsheforgottogivehimthewater.”可知，由于太忙，空姐忘记了给他倒水。故选B。32.D词义猜测题。由第四段第一句“…thepassengeraskedtheairhostesstohandhimthepassengers’booklet.”可知，乘客请空姐把乘客留意册递给他。33.A推理判断题。从第五段最后一句“HowcanIrefuseyourtwelvesinceresmiles?””可知，乘客说，他无法拒绝空姐的十二次真诚的微笑。这表明，乘客最后对空姐感到很满意。故选A。【小小窍门】1.题干中的关键1.题干中的关键词基本上都位于句子的重心位置，多为谓语部分。常见考点词的类型有：反义词(多为形容词和副词)，数字数量词，绝对词，比较词等。2.正确的读题方法是读2-3道题目一起读，这样既不至于遗忘，又能保证正确。考生可以从一道相对比较容易解答的题目着手，再根据顺序原则找到相邻的题目。极速体验【典例2】（2011广西百色）News1YuanLongping,thefatherofhybridrice,wontheWorldFoodPrizeonMonday.Yuandevelopedtheworld’sfirstpopularandwidelyknownhybridrice.Hybridriceplantscanmakemorericethanregularones.News2Haveyouevergotangryatbooksthatarefullofmistakes?Don’tworry,thingswillgetbettersoon.Lastweek,Chinastartedcheckingtextbooks,dictionariesandchildren’sbooksalloverthecountry.ThegovernmentsaidtheresultsofthecheckwouldcomeoutattheendofJune.News3Peoplewillseeanew“star”intheskysoon.ChinaplanstosendasatelliteintospacebyDecember2006.Itwillstayinspaceforoneyear.Itwillgoaroundthemoonandtakepictures.Itmustbeveryexpensive,right?That’sforsure;1.4billionyuan!News4Haveyoueverthoughtofbeingabletoflyaroundtheworldinafewhours?Oneday,maybeyoucan.LastSaturday,theAmericanX-43Aairplanemadeitsfirstflight.Itreachedaspeedof8,000kilometersperhour.Thismakesitthefastestplaneintheworld.X-43Aisonlythreetofourmeterslong,butit’sveryheavy.Itweighs1,270kilograms.51.ThesatellitesentbyChinawillmovearound________.A.themoonB.theearthC.thesunD.themars52.Thespeedofthefastestplaneintheworldis______.A.1.4kilometerspersecondB.43kilometersperminuteC.1,270kilometersperhourD.8,000kilometersperhour53.Thecheckingoftextbooks,dictionariesandchildren’sbookswill__________.A.makealotofmoneyB.makethechildrensadC.makesuretherearenomistakesinthemD.makesurethebooksarenottooexpensive54.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthenewstarisNOTtrue?A.Itwillgoaroundthemoon.B.Itwillstayinspacefortwoyears.C.Itcostsalot.D.ItwillgointospacebyDecember2006.55.YuanLongpingwontheWorldFoodPrizebecause___________.A.helikestoeathybridriceB.heisasuccessfulfatherC.hegrowsmorericethanothersD.hedevelopedtheworld’sfirstpopularandwidelygrownhybridrice最左框内容为：“题眼阅读”制胜千里“题眼阅读”制胜千里“题眼阅读”制胜千里速读文章，了解结构本文涉及四篇平行的新闻报道：袁隆平获奖、中国书刊整顿活动、中国发射绕月卫星、世界最快飞机。敏察题眼，准备答题News1：YuanLongping，wontheWorldFoodPrizeNews2：Chinastartedcheckingtextbooks,dictionariesandchildren’sbooksNews3：China，send，satelliteintospaceNews4：AmericanX-43Aairplane，fastestplaneintheworld阅读题目，记住关键词51题：satellite，byChina，movearound52题：speed，fastestplaneintheworld53题：checkingoftextbooks,dictionariesandchildren’sbooks54题：about，newstar，NOTtrue55题：YuanLongpingwon，Prizebecause第4框内容为：题眼对照，快速答题最后一栏为：根据51题的题眼，找到文中第三则新闻第四句，便可快速锁定答案A。根据52题的题眼找到第四则新闻，由第四句可知答案为D。根据53题的题眼可知答案在第二则新闻中。根据54题的题眼可知要到第三则新闻中找答案。根据55题的题眼可知本题涉及第一则新闻的内容。【答案解析】本文涉及四篇新闻报道：新闻1介绍了杂交水稻之父袁隆平获得世界食物奖；新闻2报道了中国将对全国的课本、字典、儿童用书进行检查；新闻3介绍了中国将向太空发射一颗卫星；新闻4报道了世界上最快的飞机的速度、大小和重量。51.A细节理解题。由第三则新闻第四句“Itwillgoaroundthemoonandtakepictures.”可知，这颗人造卫星将绕月飞行，故选择A项。52.D细节理解题。由第四则新闻第四、五句“Itreachedaspeedof8000kilometersonehour.Thismakesitthefastestplaneintheworld”可知，世界上最快的飞机达到了每小时8000公里的速度。故选D。53.C推理判断题。由第二则新闻第一、二句“Haveyouevergotangryatbooksthatarefullofmistakes?Don’tworry,thingswillgetbettersoon.”可知，通过检查整顿，书籍中错误百出的现象将会有所改观，也就是会保证书中没有错误，故C为正确答案。54.B细节理解题。由第三则新闻第三句“Itwillstayinspaceforoneyear.”可知，这颗卫星将在太空待一年。故选B。55.D细节理解题。由第一则新闻的第一、二句可知，袁隆平因为培养出了世界上最受欢迎的、最广为种植的杂交水稻而获得世界食物奖。举一反三Passage1题材体裁难度字数题数阅读时间正确率患肿瘤的女孩记叙文★★★19725分钟http://blog.braintumour.ca/stories/kelseys-story/Kelseywasdiagnosed(诊断)inSeptember2010withabraintumour(脑瘤)whenshewas11yearsold.Tillnow,shehashadoperationsonherbrainfor3timesandisjustabouttofinish6monthsofchemotherapy(化疗).Sheisveryluckyasalltreatments(治疗)havesofarbeensuccessful.ThesurgeryinOctober2010causedherleftsidetobecomeparalyzed(瘫痪).However,sheisgettingbetterandcanfeelonherleftside.InJune2010Kelseytookpartinawalk-a-thon(步行马拉松)atherschooltoraisemoneyfortheRonaldMcDonaldHouse.Kelseyraisedthemostmoneyatherschool.Thissummer,theRonaldMcDonaldHouseheldawalk-a-thonandKelseytookpartinitagain,evenwhilesufferingthroughchemotherapy.ItmadeussoproudthatKelseycontinuedtothinkofotherchildrenandtheirfamiliesevenwhilesheisn’tfeelingverywell.Sofar,Kelseyhasraised＄10,000fortheRonaldMcDonaldHouseandwehopethatshewillraisemoreinthefuturewalk-a-thon.阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。1.Kelseywasdiagnosedwithabraintumour_______.A.attheageof10B.inSeptember2010C.inJune2010D.inOctober20102.HowmanytimeshasKelseytakenpartinawalk-a-thon?A.Once.B.Twice.C.Never.D.Threetimes.Passage2题材体裁难度字数题数阅读时间正确率家庭野餐记叙文★★★22526分钟/items/1231027-short-stories-a-picnic-at-the-lake“KingandQueenforaDay.”Thisistherewardgiventotheheadsofthetableeachyear,atourfamilyhomecoming(回家)picnicatthelake.Iremembermyfamilygettingtogetheronceayear.Itbeganwithtwoandtheyhadthirteenchildren.MymotherwasthirdoftheirthirteenchildrenandIwasherthirdchildoftheten.Whenwegottogether,weneededaverylargeplace.Thetwohundredandtwentyacre(英亩)lakeparkwasthewonderfulplaceforuseachyear.Everyfamilybroughtenoughfortheirfamilyandoneotherperson.Thismadesurenoonewasleftoutorwentawayhungry.Wepiledthetableswithfoodandtea.Sometimesifoneofthefamilywasinneedorsomeonewasoutofajob,hewouldtakehomemorethanenoughfoodforthefamilytoeatonforaweek.Nowmydaughterisenjoyingherselfatthepicnicwithherfamilybythelake.Membersofthesametwopeoplelovedandraisedafamily.Theytaughtchildrenwhatlovewas.Theypassedonourtradition—tohaveapicnicbythelakeeveryyear.Somefamilymovedawaybutmanystillreturntojoininthepicnic.Loveisalwaysatourheart!阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。3.Howoftendoesthewriter’sfamilygettogether?A.Onceayear.B.OnceamonthC.Onceaweek.D.Onceaday.4.Whatdoesthewritermainlywanttotellus?A.Shehasabigfamily.B.Theparkisagoodplacetohaveapicnic.C.Thefamilymembersloveeachother.D.Herfamilywaspoorwhenshewasyoung.Passage3题材体裁难度字数题数阅读时间正确率低碳生活说明文★★★★21626分钟/blog/2009/10/pick-5-save-electricity/

ProfessorJonathanWongoftheDepartmentofBiologyactivelytakespartinlow-carbonlivingprojects.Here,hetellsusabouthowwecouldleadalow-carbonlife（低碳生活）bypayingattentiontohowwedress,eatandlive.◆Wear"out"

IprefersimpleclothingandbuynewclothesonlywhenIreallyneedthem.Idon’tmindusingthesameclothesformorethan10years.Myfamilymembersneverthrowtheirclothesinthetrash,instead,wedonatethem.Iftheclothesarereallywornout,wecutthemintopiecesandusethemascleaningrags（抹布）forthefloor.◆Simpleeatinghabits

Myfamilyeatsmorevegetablesandlessmeat.Ioftentellmychildrennottoeatjunkfood.Ourcookingstyleismainlysteamingorboiling（蒸或煮）asthisishealthierandsavesenergy.◆Liveonlessenergy

Ialsopayattentiontotheuseofelectricity.Myfamilymembersarealreadyinthehabitofturningofflightswhenleavingaroom.Whenwetakeabath,wewillsetthewatertemperaturetoaround40℃.Allthesethingsaregoodforsavingenergy.

WehopethateveryonecanreallyplayapartinsavingtheEarth.阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。5.Thepassageismainlyabout_______.

A.howtosaveelectricityB.achild’slow-carbonlifeC.howtoleadalow-carbonlifeD.theimportanceofeatingvegetables6.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Weshouldn’tbuyanynewclothes.B.Weshoulddressinalow-carbonlife.C.Weshouldwearourclothesfortenyears.D.Weshouldwearourclothesoutinalow-carbonlife.

Passage4题材体裁难度字数题数阅读时间正确率节日贺卡说明文★★★26057分钟/wiki/Christmas_card/recyclechristmascardsreusegreetingcards.html

Peopleseldomwritelettersthesedays,right?Buttheystillsendholidaycards.

Eachyearfamiliesdecoratetheirlivingroomswiththecards.Thefamilyphotos,tinypaperChristmastreesand“Season’sGreetings”fillmailboxesthroughoutDecember.

Butwiththeeconomiccrisis(危机),fewerpeoplecanaffordtobuycards.It’ssaidthatAmericanpeoplewillsendabout1.5billion(十亿)Christmascardsthisyear.In2009,thatnumberwas1.9billion.

Today’syoungergenerationkeepsintouchwithfriendsandrelativesthroughFacebookandTwitter.Itwouldseemthattheywouldprefercheaperandfastere-cardstotraditionalcards.Infact,theydon’t.ResearchgroupMintelfoundthate-cardsmakeuplessthan1percentofthegreetingcardmarket.Thehand-writtenholidaycardisstillgoingstrong,althoughthereiscompetitionfromtheInternet.Why?Becauseaholidaycardisamorespecial,morepersonalwaytocommunicatethanane-mail.Unlikemostotherletters,holidaycardsareworksofart.Peopleputthemontherefrigerator(冰箱),Christmastreeorwall.

ResearcherPamilaDanzigersaidshedoesn’tthinkcardsareadyingart.“TheremayverywellbepeoplewhohavegivenupChristmascardsandwhoarereturning,”saidDanziger.“Ithinkit’sjustachallengetothevirtual(虚拟的)world.Youmayhave600friendsonFacebook,butreallyonly30ofthemmeananythingtoyou.”So,givegreetingcardssometimetorecover;they’reaholidaytraditionthatwon’tdie.阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。7.Comparedwithe-cards,traditionalcardsare_____.

A.cheaperbutslowerB.cheaperandfaster

C.moreexpensivebutfasterD.moreexpensiveandslower

8.TraditionalcardsstillmakeupalargepartofthegreetingcardmarketforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT_____.A.they’remorespecialB.they’remorepersonal

C.they’reworksofartD.they’remoreconvenient

9.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.SomepeoplesendfriendsfamilyphotosonChristmas.

B.Cardsareoftenusedaslivingroomdecorations.

C.Theyoungergenerationpreferse-cardstotraditionalcards.

D.Americanpeoplesentmorecardsin2009thanthisyear.

10.PamilaDanzigermainlywantstotellpeople______.

A.friendsonlinearenotrealfriends

B.holidaycardswillnotdisappear

C.greetingcardsareaholidaytradition

D.somepeoplehavegivenupChristmascards

11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Howtochoosecardsforholidays.

B.Whatkindofcardstosendforholidays.

C.Usingcardstodecorateourlivingrooms.D.TheholidaytraditionofsendingcardsintheUS.参考答案Passage1【词汇积累】surgeryn.外科手术futureadj.未来的tillnow到目前为止raisemoney筹钱【解析】虽然Kelsey不幸患上脑瘤，她却并没有放弃生活，而是选择了坚强面对。在与病魔抗争的同时，她还尽自己所能帮助别人。她的精神值得我们学习。1.B细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Kelseywasdiagnosed(诊断)inSeptember2010withabraintumour(脑瘤)whenshewas11yearsold.”可知，Kelsey于2010年9月被诊断患有脑瘤，那时她11岁。故选B。2.B细节理解题。由第二段第一句“InJune2010Kelseytookpartinawalk-a-thon(步行马拉松)atherschooltoraisemoneyfortheRonaldMcDonaldHouse.”可知，Kelsey曾于2010年在学校参加了一次步行马拉松赛；又根据第三段第一句“Thissummer,theRonaldMcDonaldHouseheldawalk-a-thonandKelseytookpartinitagain,evenwhilesufferingthroughchemotherapy.”可知，今年夏天，虽然遭受了化疗，Kelsey仍旧又一次参加了步行马拉松赛。因此B项为争取答案。Passage2【词汇积累】rewardn.奖赏，回报gettogether聚到一起beginwith…以……开始leaveout不包括，冷落passon传递，传承【解析】“一日国王与王后”——这是我们家庭每年一次的野餐聚会给予桌主的奖赏。聚会开始于有13个孩子的外祖父母，妈妈是他们的第三个孩子；而我又是妈妈10个孩子中的老三。我们聚餐在湖边公园，每家都带来了充足的食物；我们会特别关爱需要帮助的成员，因为爱永远在我们心中。3.A细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Iremembermyfamilygettingtogetheronceayear.”和最后一段第四句“Theypassedonourtradition—tohaveapicnicbythelakeeveryyear.”可知，作者的大家庭每年一次在湖边野餐。故选A。4.C写作意图题。浏览文